Elkanah is a significant figure in the Old Testament, primarily known as the father of the prophet Samuel. His account is found in the book of 1 Samuel, where he is depicted as a devout and faithful man, playing a crucial role in the spiritual and civil life of Israel during a time of transition.

Family and Background

Elkanah was an Ephraimite, residing in Ramathaim-zophim in the hill country of Ephraim. He was a Levite by descent, as indicated in 1 Chronicles 6:33-38, which traces his lineage back to Levi through Kohath. This Levitical heritage positioned him within the religious framework of Israel, although he lived among the tribe of Ephraim.

Elkanah had two wives, Hannah and Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah was initially barren, which caused her great distress. Despite this, Elkanah showed deep love and compassion for Hannah, giving her a double portion of the sacrificial offerings, as recorded in 1 Samuel 1:5: "But to Hannah he would give a double portion, for he loved her, even though the LORD had closed her womb."

Religious Devotion

Elkanah is portrayed as a man of religious devotion, making annual pilgrimages to Shiloh to worship and sacrifice to the LORD of Hosts. This practice underscores his commitment to the covenantal traditions of Israel and his role as a leader in his household's spiritual life. His regular visits to Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located, highlight his dedication to maintaining the religious observances commanded in the Law of Moses.

Role in Samuel's Birth and Dedication

Elkanah's faithfulness is further exemplified in his response to Hannah's vow to dedicate their son to the LORD if He granted her a child. When Hannah bore Samuel, Elkanah supported her decision to fulfill her vow. 1 Samuel 1:23 records his words: "Do what seems best to you," Elkanah her husband told her. "Stay here until you have weaned him; only may the LORD confirm His word." This response indicates his respect for Hannah's spiritual commitments and his trust in God's plan.

Civil and Spiritual Influence

While Elkanah is not explicitly described as a civil minister in the modern sense, his life and actions had significant civil and spiritual implications for Israel. By fathering and supporting Samuel, who would become a pivotal prophet, judge, and leader, Elkanah indirectly influenced the nation's governance and spiritual direction. Samuel's leadership would eventually lead to the anointing of Israel's first kings, Saul and David, marking a critical shift in Israel's history.

Elkanah's account, though brief, is a testament to the impact of personal faithfulness and devotion on the broader community. His life exemplifies the integration of religious duty and family leadership, serving as a model for those who seek to honor God in both private and public spheres.2 Chronicles 28:7
And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the king's son, and Azrikam the governor of the house, and Elkanah that was next to the king.
Nave's Topical Index

Book ii. Jerome Answers the Second, Third, and Fourth Propositions ...
... the fact that you have ministered and do minister to the ... revolutions in cities, and
foment wars civil or foreign ... [4797] Hannah, the wife of Elkanah, by fasting ...
/.../jerome/the principal works of st jerome/book ii jerome answers the.htm

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
... rulers, is somewhat misleading, as it suggests the idea of an organized civil
magistracy ... He was a priest of Bamah, Samuel, the son of Elkanah, who had acquired ...
/.../chapter iiithe hebrews and the.htm

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