In the first month
The phrase "in the first month" refers to the month of Nisan (or Abib), which is significant in the Hebrew calendar as it marks the beginning of the religious year. This month is historically and spiritually important because it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt, a foundational event in Israel's history. The Hebrew root for "first" (רִאשׁוֹן, rishon) emphasizes primacy and precedence, indicating the importance of this time in God's redemptive plan.

of the second year
This phrase situates the narrative in a specific time frame, the second year after the Exodus. It highlights the ongoing journey of the Israelites and their transition from slavery to becoming a covenant community. The second year marks a period of learning and establishing identity as God's chosen people, emphasizing growth and preparation for entering the Promised Land.

after the Israelites had come out of the land of Egypt
This phrase recalls the miraculous deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage, a central theme in the Old Testament. The Hebrew term for "come out" (יָצָא, yatsa) conveys the idea of departure and liberation, underscoring God's power and faithfulness in fulfilling His promises. This historical context serves as a constant reminder of God's salvation and the call to live in obedience to Him.

the LORD spoke to Moses
Here, "the LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature and His personal relationship with Israel. The act of speaking to Moses signifies divine communication and guidance, reinforcing Moses' role as God's chosen leader and mediator. This divine interaction underscores the importance of revelation and obedience in the life of the covenant community.

in the Wilderness of Sinai
The "Wilderness of Sinai" is a significant location in Israel's journey, where they received the Law and entered into a covenant with God. The wilderness represents both a place of testing and divine encounter, where God shapes His people through trials and instruction. The Hebrew word for "wilderness" (מִדְבָּר, midbar) can also imply a place of order and arrangement, suggesting that even in desolation, God is present and purposeful in His dealings with His people.

The Israelites
This phrase refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, who were chosen by God to be His people. The Hebrew term "Yisra'el" signifies "God prevails" or "he struggles with God," reflecting the spiritual journey and covenant relationship between God and His people. Historically, the Israelites were a nomadic people during the time of the Exodus, journeying from Egypt to the Promised Land. This context underscores their identity as a community bound by divine promise and law.

are to observe
The Hebrew root for "observe" is "asah," which means to do, make, or perform. This implies an active, intentional engagement with God's commandments. Observance is not merely a passive acknowledgment but a dynamic participation in the covenantal life. It reflects a commitment to live according to God's statutes, highlighting the importance of obedience and faithfulness in the life of the believer.

the Passover
Passover, or "Pesach" in Hebrew, is a foundational event in Israelite history, commemorating their deliverance from slavery in Egypt. It is a time of remembrance and celebration of God's mighty acts of salvation. The Passover is rich with symbolism, pointing to themes of redemption, sacrifice, and covenant. For Christians, it also foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who delivers from the bondage of sin.

at its appointed time
The phrase "appointed time" translates from the Hebrew "moed," which means a fixed time or season. This indicates that God's commands are not arbitrary but are set within His divine timetable. The observance of Passover at its appointed time underscores the importance of aligning with God's timing and purposes. It reminds believers of the sovereignty of God over history and the need to trust in His perfect plan.

You are to observe it
This phrase emphasizes the commandment given to the Israelites to keep the Passover. The Hebrew root for "observe" is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to keep, guard, or preserve. This implies a diligent and careful adherence to God's instructions. Historically, the Passover was a pivotal event for the Israelites, marking their deliverance from Egyptian bondage. Observing it was not merely a ritual but a remembrance of God's mighty acts and faithfulness. In a broader spiritual sense, this calls believers to faithfully remember and honor God's works in their lives.

at its appointed time
The phrase underscores the importance of timing in God's commandments. The Hebrew word for "appointed time" is "מוֹעֵד" (moed), which refers to a fixed time or season. This indicates that God has specific times for His people to engage in acts of worship and remembrance. The Passover was to be celebrated on the 14th day of the first month, as established in Exodus 12. This precision reflects God's order and sovereignty, reminding believers that His plans and purposes are perfectly timed.

at twilight
This phrase specifies the time of day for the Passover sacrifice. The Hebrew term "בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם" (bein ha'arbayim) translates to "between the evenings" or "twilight." This time was significant as it marked the transition from day to night, symbolizing the Israelites' transition from slavery to freedom. Theologically, twilight can represent the liminal space where God intervenes in human history, a time of divine action and change.

on the fourteenth day of this month
This phrase provides a specific date for the observance of Passover. The "fourteenth day" of the first month, Nisan, was divinely appointed. This specificity highlights the importance of obedience to God's timing. Historically, this date commemorates the night the Israelites were spared from the plague of the firstborn in Egypt. For Christians, it foreshadows the sacrifice of Christ, the Lamb of God, whose death and resurrection are central to the faith.

in accordance with all its statutes and ordinances
This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the command. The Hebrew words "חֻקָּה" (chuqqah) and "מִשְׁפָּט" (mishpat) refer to statutes and ordinances, respectively. "Chuqqah" implies a decree or law that is to be followed, while "mishpat" refers to judgments or legal decisions. Together, they indicate that the Passover was to be observed with strict adherence to God's detailed instructions. This reflects the broader biblical principle that God's laws are to be followed fully and faithfully, underscoring the importance of obedience in the life of a believer.

So Moses told
The phrase "So Moses told" indicates a direct action taken by Moses, the leader and prophet of Israel. The Hebrew root for "told" is "dabar," which means to speak, declare, or command. This highlights Moses' role as the mouthpiece of God, conveying divine instructions to the people. Historically, Moses is seen as a central figure in the Exodus narrative, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. His authority is not self-derived but divinely appointed, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's chosen leaders.

the Israelites
The term "the Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. This collective identity is crucial, as it underscores the covenant relationship between God and His chosen people. The Israelites are not just a random group but a nation set apart by God for His purposes. Archaeological evidence, such as ancient inscriptions and artifacts, supports the historical existence of the Israelites as a distinct people group in the ancient Near East. This identity is foundational to understanding their unique role in redemptive history.

to observe
The word "to observe" comes from the Hebrew "asah," meaning to do, make, or perform. This implies an active participation and adherence to God's commands. Observance is not merely a passive acknowledgment but involves intentional action and commitment. In the context of the Passover, it signifies the importance of remembering and reenacting God's deliverance. This observance is a tangible expression of faith and obedience, serving as a perpetual reminder of God's faithfulness and power.

the Passover
"The Passover" is a significant event in Israel's history, commemorating their deliverance from slavery in Egypt. The Hebrew word "Pesach" means to pass over, referring to the event where the angel of death passed over the homes of the Israelites marked with the blood of the lamb. This event is foundational to Jewish identity and worship, symbolizing God's protection and salvation. In the broader biblical narrative, Passover foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, whose blood delivers believers from the bondage of sin. The Passover is not just a historical event but a profound theological symbol of redemption and hope.

and they observed the Passover
The phrase "and they observed the Passover" signifies the Israelites' obedience to God's command to celebrate the Passover, a pivotal event in their history. The Hebrew word for "Passover" is "Pesach," which means "to pass over" or "to spare." This observance commemorates the night when the Lord passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt, sparing them from the plague of the firstborn. Historically, this event marks the beginning of the Exodus, the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. The Passover is not just a remembrance of past deliverance but a foreshadowing of the ultimate deliverance through Christ, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29). In a conservative Christian perspective, this observance is a reminder of God's faithfulness and the importance of obedience to His commands.

in the first month
The "first month" refers to the month of Nisan (or Abib), which is the beginning of the religious calendar for the Israelites. This timing is significant as it aligns with the spring, a season of new beginnings and renewal. The Passover being observed in the first month underscores the theme of new beginnings, as it marks the start of the Israelites' journey to freedom. In a broader theological context, it symbolizes the new life believers receive through Christ's sacrifice, aligning with the theme of resurrection and renewal found in the New Testament.

on the fourteenth day of the month
The specific timing "on the fourteenth day of the month" is crucial as it was the exact day God commanded the Israelites to celebrate the Passover (Exodus 12:6). This precision highlights the importance of following God's instructions meticulously. The number fourteen, being double the number seven, which signifies completeness and perfection in the Bible, may also symbolize a double portion of God's grace and deliverance. For Christians, this day foreshadows the Last Supper, which Jesus shared with His disciples, instituting the new covenant in His blood.

at twilight
The term "at twilight" refers to the time between sunset and darkness, a transitional period. In Hebrew, this is "bein ha'arbayim," meaning "between the evenings." This time was chosen by God for the Passover sacrifice, symbolizing the transition from slavery to freedom, from darkness to light. In Christian theology, twilight can represent the moment of Christ's death, when darkness covered the land, yet it was the precursor to the dawn of resurrection and hope.

in the Wilderness of Sinai
The "Wilderness of Sinai" is a significant location in the biblical narrative. It is where the Israelites received the Law and where they learned to rely on God for sustenance and guidance. The wilderness represents a place of testing and transformation, where God shapes His people. For Christians, the wilderness can symbolize the trials and growth in faith that believers experience, trusting in God's provision and promises.

according to all that the LORD had commanded Moses
This phrase emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's commands as given through Moses. The Hebrew word for "commanded" is "tsavah," which implies a directive with authority. The Israelites' adherence to God's instructions reflects their covenant relationship with Him. In a conservative Christian view, this obedience is mirrored in the call for believers to follow Christ's teachings and live according to God's Word, as an expression of faith and devotion.

so the Israelites did
The concluding phrase "so the Israelites did" underscores their compliance and faithfulness to God's command. It reflects a collective act of worship and obedience, setting an example for future generations. For Christians, this obedience is a model of living out one's faith in action, demonstrating trust in God's promises and commands. It serves as a reminder that true faith is evidenced by obedience and a heart aligned with God's will.

But there were some men
This phrase introduces a specific group within the larger Israelite community. The Hebrew word for "men" here is "אֲנָשִׁים" (anashim), which is a general term for males but can also imply individuals of significance or responsibility. In the context of the Israelite camp, these men were likely heads of families or leaders, emphasizing the communal and familial structure of the Israelites during their wilderness journey.

who were unclean
The term "unclean" is translated from the Hebrew word "טָמֵא" (tamei), which refers to a state of ritual impurity. In the ancient Israelite context, being unclean was not merely a physical condition but a spiritual one that required specific purification rites. This impurity could result from various causes, including contact with a dead body, which is the case here. The concept of cleanliness and uncleanliness was central to maintaining holiness and order within the community, as prescribed by the Mosaic Law.

from contact with a dead body
This phrase specifies the source of the impurity. The Hebrew word for "contact" is "נֶפֶשׁ" (nefesh), which can also mean "soul" or "life." The Israelites believed that life and death were powerful forces, and contact with death could transfer impurity. This reflects the broader biblical theme of life as sacred and death as a consequence of sin, necessitating separation from the holy.

and they could not observe the Passover
The Passover, or "פֶּסַח" (Pesach) in Hebrew, was a critical observance for the Israelites, commemorating their deliverance from Egypt. The inability to participate in this feast due to impurity highlights the tension between maintaining ritual purity and fulfilling religious obligations. This situation underscores the importance of the Passover as a communal and covenantal event, central to Israel's identity and relationship with God.

on that day
The phrase "on that day" emphasizes the specific timing of the Passover celebration, which was to be observed on the 14th day of the first month (Nisan). The precise timing of religious observances was crucial in the Israelite calendar, reflecting obedience to God's commands and the rhythm of sacred time. This temporal specificity underscores the importance of aligning one's life with divine order and timing.

So they approached Moses and Aaron
The act of approaching Moses and Aaron, the leaders of Israel, indicates the proper channel for addressing religious and communal concerns. Moses, as the mediator between God and the people, and Aaron, as the high priest, were the appointed authorities to interpret and apply God's law. This approach reflects the structured leadership and theocratic governance of the Israelite community, where spiritual and civil matters were intertwined.

that same day
Reiterating the immediacy of the situation, "that same day" underscores the urgency and importance of resolving issues related to religious observance. It highlights the proactive nature of the men in seeking a resolution, demonstrating their commitment to fulfilling their religious duties despite their state of impurity. This immediacy also reflects the dynamic nature of the Israelite's relationship with God, where timely obedience and communication were vital.

and those men
This phrase refers to specific individuals among the Israelites. In the context of Numbers 9, these men are part of the community that is journeying through the wilderness. Historically, the Israelites were a nomadic people at this time, having been delivered from Egypt and now under the leadership of Moses. The mention of "those men" highlights the personal nature of the narrative, emphasizing that God's laws and instructions were applicable to each individual within the community.

who were unclean
The term "unclean" in the Hebrew context often refers to a state of ritual impurity. In the Old Testament, various conditions could render a person ceremonially unclean, such as contact with a dead body, certain diseases, or other specified conditions. This state of uncleanness was significant because it affected one's ability to participate in communal worship and religious observances, such as the Passover. The concept underscores the holiness required by God and the separation between the sacred and the profane.

from contact with a dead body
This phrase specifies the reason for the uncleanness of the men. In ancient Israelite culture, contact with a dead body was one of the most severe forms of impurity. This is rooted in the belief that death is the antithesis of the life-giving presence of God. The laws concerning purity and impurity served to maintain the sanctity of the community and its worship practices. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of life and death, purity and impurity, and the need for atonement and cleansing.

came to Moses and Aaron
Moses and Aaron were the central leaders of the Israelites during the Exodus. Moses, as the prophet and lawgiver, and Aaron, as the high priest, were the mediators between God and the people. The act of coming to Moses and Aaron signifies the proper channel of seeking guidance and resolution according to God's law. It reflects the order and structure within the Israelite community, where leaders were appointed to interpret and apply God's commandments.

that same day
This phrase indicates the immediacy and urgency of the situation. The timing is significant because it shows the men's desire to resolve their state of impurity promptly, especially in relation to the observance of the Passover. The Passover was a critical event in the Israelite religious calendar, commemorating their deliverance from Egypt. The immediacy also highlights the importance of maintaining a right relationship with God and the community through timely obedience and adherence to His laws.

Wait here
The phrase "wait here" is a directive from Moses, indicating a pause for divine instruction. In Hebrew, the word for "wait" can imply a sense of anticipation and readiness. This reflects a posture of obedience and patience, essential virtues in the life of faith. Historically, the Israelites were a nomadic people, often required to pause and seek God's guidance before proceeding. This teaches us the importance of waiting on the Lord, trusting in His perfect timing and wisdom.

until I hear
Moses, as the leader and prophet, emphasizes his role as an intermediary between God and the people. The Hebrew root for "hear" (שָׁמַע, shama) implies not just auditory reception but understanding and obedience. This highlights the necessity of spiritual leaders to be attuned to God's voice, ensuring that their guidance aligns with divine will. It also underscores the importance of discernment in leadership, a principle that remains relevant for church leaders today.

what the LORD commands
The term "LORD" (YHWH) is the sacred name of God, denoting His eternal and unchanging nature. The use of "commands" indicates that God's instructions are authoritative and non-negotiable. In the context of the Israelites, this command would have been seen as a direct order from the covenant-keeping God who delivered them from Egypt. This phrase reminds believers of the sovereignty of God and the necessity of aligning our lives with His decrees, as revealed in Scripture.

concerning you
This phrase personalizes the command, showing that God's instructions are specific and relevant to the situation at hand. It reflects God's intimate involvement in the lives of His people, addressing their unique circumstances. Historically, this would have reassured the Israelites of God's attentive care and guidance. For contemporary believers, it serves as a reminder that God is concerned with the details of our lives and that His guidance is tailored to our individual needs and contexts.

Then
The word "Then" indicates a continuation or a sequence of events. In the context of Numbers, it suggests that what follows is a direct response to a preceding situation. This word connects the narrative to the previous verses where the Israelites were preparing to celebrate the Passover. It emphasizes the immediacy and relevance of God's instructions in response to the people's needs. The Hebrew root for "then" often implies a sense of divine timing, reminding us that God's interventions are perfectly timed and purposeful.

the LORD
The term "the LORD" is a translation of the Hebrew name "YHWH," often vocalized as Yahweh. This is the covenant name of God, signifying His eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. In the context of Numbers, it underscores God's personal involvement with His people. The use of this name highlights the intimate relationship between God and Israel, reminding us of His unchanging nature and His commitment to guide and protect His people.

said
The word "said" indicates direct communication from God to Moses. In Hebrew, the verb "amar" is used, which conveys not just speaking but also the authority and intention behind the words. This highlights the importance of divine revelation and the role of Moses as a prophet and leader who receives and conveys God's instructions. It reminds us of the power and authority of God's word, which is living and active, guiding His people in truth and righteousness.

to Moses
Moses is the central human figure in the Pentateuch, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and through the wilderness. His name, derived from the Hebrew "Mosheh," is traditionally understood to mean "drawn out," reflecting his rescue from the Nile and his role in drawing the Israelites out of bondage. The mention of Moses here emphasizes his unique position as mediator between God and the people, a foreshadowing of Christ as the ultimate mediator. It also highlights the importance of faithful leadership and obedience to God's call.

Tell the Israelites
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to Moses, emphasizing the importance of communication between God and His chosen people. The Hebrew root for "tell" is "dabar," which means to speak or declare. This highlights the authoritative nature of God's instructions and the responsibility of Moses as a mediator. The Israelites, as God's covenant people, are reminded of their unique relationship with Him and their obligation to adhere to His laws.

When any one of you or your descendants
This phrase underscores the inclusivity and continuity of God's commandments. The Hebrew word for "descendants" is "zera," meaning seed or offspring, which signifies the generational aspect of God's covenant. It reflects the enduring nature of God's laws, applicable not only to the present generation but also to future ones, ensuring that the observance of His commandments is a perpetual practice.

is unclean because of a dead body
The concept of ritual uncleanness is central to the Levitical laws. The Hebrew word for "unclean" is "tame," which denotes a state of impurity that separates an individual from the community and from God. Contact with a dead body was a common cause of uncleanness, highlighting the tension between the sacred and the profane. This provision shows God's understanding and accommodation of human circumstances, allowing for continued worship despite temporary impurity.

or is on a distant journey
This phrase addresses the practical realities of life that might prevent someone from participating in the Passover. The Hebrew word for "distant" is "rechok," which implies physical separation. This provision demonstrates God's grace and flexibility, acknowledging that physical distance should not hinder one's spiritual obligations. It reflects the understanding that God values the heart's intent and provides a way for all to participate in His appointed times.

he may still observe the Passover to the LORD
The Passover is a foundational event in Israel's history, commemorating their deliverance from Egypt. The Hebrew word for "observe" is "asah," meaning to do or make, indicating active participation. The phrase "to the LORD" signifies that the observance is an act of worship and devotion to God. This provision ensures that all Israelites, regardless of their circumstances, can partake in this significant event, reinforcing the communal and covenantal aspects of their faith. It highlights God's desire for inclusivity in worship and His provision for maintaining a relationship with Him despite life's challenges.

They are to observe it
This phrase refers to the observance of the Passover, a pivotal event in Israelite history. The Hebrew root for "observe" is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to do, make, or perform. This indicates an active participation and a faithful adherence to God's commandments. The Passover was not merely a ritual but a profound act of remembrance and obedience, symbolizing God's deliverance of Israel from Egyptian bondage. It underscores the importance of obedience in the life of a believer, reflecting a heart aligned with God's will.

on the fourteenth day
The specific timing of the Passover is significant. The fourteenth day of the month was divinely appointed, emphasizing God's sovereignty and order. In the Hebrew calendar, this day marks the full moon, symbolizing completeness and fulfillment. It serves as a reminder that God's timing is perfect, and His plans are meticulously orchestrated. For believers, it is a call to trust in God's timing and His divine plan for our lives.

of the second month
The second month, Iyar, is mentioned here as a provision for those who were unable to celebrate the Passover in the first month due to ceremonial uncleanness or being on a distant journey (Numbers 9:10). This demonstrates God's grace and understanding of human circumstances. It highlights the flexibility within God's law to accommodate genuine needs, reflecting His compassion and desire for all to participate in His redemptive acts.

at twilight
Twilight, or "בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם" (bein ha'arbayim) in Hebrew, refers to the time between sunset and darkness. This time of day is symbolic of transition and change, representing the shift from slavery to freedom for the Israelites. It is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of God's deliverance. For Christians, it echoes the transition from the old life of sin to the new life in Christ, a call to embrace the freedom found in Him.

They are to eat the lamb
The lamb is central to the Passover meal, symbolizing the sacrifice necessary for redemption. The Hebrew word for lamb, "שֶׂה" (seh), points to the innocence and purity of the sacrifice. This foreshadows Christ, the Lamb of God, whose sacrifice takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29). Eating the lamb signifies internalizing the sacrifice, a call for believers to fully embrace and partake in the salvation offered through Jesus Christ.

with unleavened bread
Unleavened bread, or "מַצָּה" (matzah), is bread made without yeast, symbolizing purity and the haste of the Israelites' departure from Egypt. Leaven often represents sin in Scripture, so unleavened bread signifies a life free from sin and corruption. For Christians, it is a call to live a life of holiness and separation from the world, reflecting the purity and righteousness of Christ.

and bitter herbs
Bitter herbs, or "מְרֹרִים" (merorim), are a reminder of the bitterness of slavery in Egypt. They serve as a tangible reminder of the suffering and hardship endured by the Israelites. For believers, it is a call to remember the bitterness of sin and the cost of redemption. It encourages a heart of gratitude for the deliverance and freedom found in Christ, urging us to never forget the price paid for our salvation.

They must not leave any of it until morning
This phrase emphasizes the urgency and completeness of the Passover sacrifice. The Hebrew root for "leave" is "sha'ar," which implies remaining or leftover. In the context of the Passover, this command underscores the importance of consuming the sacrifice fully, symbolizing the totality of redemption and deliverance. Historically, this practice ensured that the Israelites were ready to depart Egypt swiftly, reflecting a readiness to follow God's command without delay. Spiritually, it points to the completeness of Christ's sacrifice, which leaves nothing undone for our salvation.

or break any of its bones
The prohibition against breaking bones is significant both symbolically and prophetically. The Hebrew word for "break" is "shabar," meaning to shatter or destroy. This command ensured the integrity of the sacrificial lamb, prefiguring the unbroken body of Christ on the cross, as prophesied in Psalm 34:20 and fulfilled in John 19:36. The unbroken bones symbolize the perfection and wholeness of Jesus as the Lamb of God, whose sacrifice was complete and sufficient.

They must observe it
The word "observe" comes from the Hebrew "asah," meaning to do or make. This implies active participation and careful adherence to God's commands. Observing the Passover was not a passive act but a deliberate and faithful obedience to God's instructions. It serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience in the life of a believer, reflecting a heart committed to God's will and purposes.

in accordance with all the statutes of the Passover
This phrase highlights the comprehensive nature of God's instructions. The Hebrew word for "statutes" is "chuqqah," which refers to decrees or ordinances. The Passover was not merely a ritual but a divinely instituted ordinance with specific guidelines. Observing it "in accordance with all the statutes" signifies the importance of following God's commands fully and precisely. It reflects the broader biblical principle that God's laws are given for our good and are to be followed with reverence and devotion.

But if anyone
This phrase introduces a conditional statement, emphasizing personal responsibility. In Hebrew, the word for "anyone" (אִישׁ, 'ish) signifies an individual, highlighting that the command applies universally to each member of the community. It underscores the personal accountability each person has in their relationship with God.

who is ceremonially clean
The concept of ceremonial cleanliness is central to the Levitical laws. The Hebrew word for "clean" (טָהוֹר, tahor) refers to a state of ritual purity required to participate in sacred activities. This condition signifies the importance of spiritual readiness and purity before God, reflecting the holiness He demands from His people.

and not on a journey
This phrase provides an exception for those who are unable to participate due to travel. The Hebrew word for "journey" (דֶּרֶךְ, derek) implies being on a path or road, suggesting physical absence. It highlights God's understanding and provision for those genuinely unable to partake in the Passover due to circumstances beyond their control.

fails to celebrate the Passover
The Passover is a pivotal event in Israel's history, commemorating their deliverance from Egypt. The Hebrew word for "celebrate" (עָשָׂה, asah) means to do or make, indicating active participation. This command underscores the importance of remembering and honoring God's redemptive acts, a central theme in the life of the Israelites.

that person must be cut off from his people
The phrase "cut off" (כָּרַת, karat) is a severe consequence, indicating exclusion from the community. This punishment reflects the seriousness of neglecting God's commands and the communal nature of Israel's covenant relationship with God. It serves as a warning against spiritual negligence and disobedience.

because he did not present the LORD’s offering
The "LORD’s offering" refers to the sacrifices made during the Passover. The Hebrew word for "present" (קָרַב, qarab) means to bring near, signifying an act of worship and devotion. This phrase emphasizes the importance of obedience in worship and the need to honor God with the prescribed offerings.

at its appointed time
The "appointed time" (מוֹעֵד, moed) refers to the specific time set by God for the Passover celebration. This highlights the importance of divine timing and order in worship. It reminds believers of the need to align their lives with God's ordained times and seasons.

That man will bear the consequences of his sin
The phrase "bear the consequences" (נָשָׂא, nasa) implies carrying a burden or responsibility. This underscores the principle of personal accountability for one's actions. The word "sin" (חֵטְא, chet) denotes a failure to meet God's standards, reminding believers of the gravity of disobedience and the need for repentance and atonement.

And if a foreigner resides with you
The term "foreigner" here is derived from the Hebrew word "ger," which refers to a sojourner or a non-Israelite living among the Israelites. This inclusion of the foreigner highlights the openness of God's covenant community, emphasizing that God's laws and blessings were not exclusive to ethnic Israelites but extended to all who chose to dwell among them and follow God's commands. Historically, this reflects the diverse nature of the ancient Near Eastern societies, where people from various backgrounds often lived together.

and wants to celebrate the Passover to the LORD
The Passover, or "Pesach" in Hebrew, is a foundational event in Israel's history, commemorating their deliverance from Egyptian bondage. The desire of a foreigner to celebrate the Passover signifies a willingness to identify with the God of Israel and His redemptive acts. This desire is not merely a cultural assimilation but a spiritual alignment with the faith and practices of the Israelites, indicating a heart turned towards the LORD.

he is to do so according to the Passover statute and its ordinances
The phrase "according to the Passover statute and its ordinances" underscores the importance of adhering to the specific instructions given by God for the observance of Passover. This includes the preparation of the lamb, the manner of eating, and the symbolic elements involved. It reflects the principle that worship and observance of God's commands are not to be taken lightly or altered based on personal preference but are to be followed as God has prescribed.

You are to apply the same statute
This directive ensures equality and uniformity in the observance of God's laws. The same rules apply to everyone, regardless of their background, which speaks to the fairness and justice inherent in God's law. It also serves as a reminder that God's standards are universal and not subject to human bias or discrimination.

to both the foreigner and the native of the land
The inclusion of both "the foreigner and the native" in the same statute highlights the unity and inclusivity within the community of God's people. It reflects the biblical theme that God's salvation and covenant are available to all who seek Him, regardless of their ethnic or national origin. This principle is echoed throughout Scripture, culminating in the New Testament's message of salvation through Christ being available to all nations.

On the day the tabernacle was set up
This phrase marks a significant moment in Israel's history. The "tabernacle" refers to the portable dwelling place for the Divine presence among the Israelites, constructed according to the instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Hebrew word for "tabernacle" is "מִשְׁכָּן" (mishkan), meaning "dwelling place." This was not merely a physical structure but a symbol of God's covenant and His desire to dwell among His people. The setting up of the tabernacle signifies the establishment of a sacred space where God would meet with His people, guiding and protecting them throughout their journey.

the cloud covered it
The "cloud" is a manifestation of God's presence, often referred to as the Shekinah glory. In Hebrew, the word for "cloud" is "עָנָן" (anan). This cloud was not an ordinary weather phenomenon but a divine sign of God's presence and guidance. It covered the tabernacle, indicating that God was with His people, providing them with direction and protection. The cloud's presence reassured the Israelites of God's continual presence and His commitment to lead them.

by day
This phrase emphasizes the constancy of God's presence. The cloud was visible "by day," providing a tangible sign of God's guidance during the daylight hours. It served as a constant reminder to the Israelites that God was with them, even in the mundane and routine aspects of daily life. The presence of the cloud by day symbolizes God's unwavering faithfulness and His role as a guide and protector.

and appeared like fire by night
The transformation of the cloud into "fire by night" is a powerful image of God's presence. The Hebrew word for "fire" is "אֵשׁ" (esh), which often symbolizes God's holiness and power. At night, when darkness could bring fear and uncertainty, the fire provided light and reassurance. This dual manifestation of cloud and fire highlights God's ability to adapt His presence to meet the needs of His people, offering guidance and protection both day and night.

in the sight of all the house of Israel
This phrase underscores the communal aspect of God's presence. The entire "house of Israel" witnessed the cloud and fire, signifying that God's guidance and protection were not limited to a select few but were available to the entire community. This visibility reinforced the unity of the Israelites under God's leadership and served as a collective reminder of their identity as God's chosen people. The public nature of this divine manifestation encouraged faith and obedience among the Israelites, as they could all see and experience God's presence together.

It remained that way continually
This phrase emphasizes the constancy and faithfulness of God's presence with the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "remained" (הָיָה, hayah) conveys a sense of being or existing, underscoring the perpetual nature of God's guidance. Historically, this constancy would have been a source of immense comfort and assurance to the Israelites, who were journeying through the uncertainties of the wilderness. The continual presence of the cloud and fire symbolizes God's unwavering commitment to His people, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, reminding believers of God's eternal faithfulness.

the cloud would cover it by day
The "cloud" (עָנָן, anan) served as a visible manifestation of God's presence, providing both guidance and protection. In the harsh desert environment, the cloud offered shade and relief from the scorching sun, symbolizing God's provision and care. This imagery is rich with theological significance, as clouds often represent divine presence and mystery in the Bible. The covering of the cloud signifies God's protective nature, shielding His people from harm and guiding them on their journey, much like He does for believers today through His Spirit and Word.

and the appearance of fire by night
The "appearance of fire" (מַרְאֶה, mar'eh) at night provided light and warmth, dispelling the darkness and fear that the night could bring. Fire, in biblical terms, often represents God's holiness and purifying presence. The dual imagery of cloud and fire illustrates the comprehensive nature of God's guidance—He is present in both the mundane and the miraculous, the ordinary and the extraordinary. For the Israelites, the fire was a constant reminder of God's power and presence, a beacon of hope and direction. This serves as an inspiration for believers to trust in God's guidance through all circumstances, knowing that His presence is both protective and illuminating.

Whenever the cloud was lifted
The "cloud" here refers to the divine presence of God, often described as the Shekinah glory, which guided the Israelites during their wilderness journey. The Hebrew word for "cloud" is "עָנָן" (anan), symbolizing God's guidance and protection. This divine cloud was not just a meteorological phenomenon but a visible manifestation of God's presence, indicating His active role in leading His people. The lifting of the cloud signified a divine signal for the Israelites to move, emphasizing the importance of obedience and attentiveness to God's direction.

from above the tent
The "tent" refers to the Tabernacle, the sacred dwelling place of God among His people. The Hebrew word "מִשְׁכָּן" (mishkan) means "dwelling place" or "tabernacle." This was a central place of worship and a symbol of God's covenant with Israel. The positioning of the cloud above the tent signifies God's presence and His readiness to lead His people. It underscores the centrality of worship and the presence of God in the life of the community.

the Israelites would set out
The phrase indicates the movement of the entire community of Israel. The Hebrew term for "set out" is "נָסַע" (nasa), which means to journey or travel. This movement was not random but was a divinely orchestrated journey towards the Promised Land. It reflects the faith and trust the Israelites placed in God's guidance, as they moved only when He directed them. This obedience is a model for believers today, illustrating the importance of following God's leading in our lives.

and wherever the cloud settled
The settling of the cloud indicated a place of rest and encampment for the Israelites. The Hebrew word "שָׁכַן" (shakan) means to dwell or abide, suggesting a temporary but significant resting place. This divine pause allowed the Israelites to rest, worship, and prepare for the next stage of their journey. It highlights the rhythm of movement and rest in the spiritual journey, teaching believers the importance of discerning God's timing in both action and rest.

there the Israelites would camp
The act of camping was a communal activity, involving the entire nation of Israel. The Hebrew word "חָנָה" (chanah) means to encamp or settle. This was not just a physical act but a spiritual one, as the Israelites were to remain in the presence of God, worshiping and living according to His commandments. The encampment was a time for community building, worship, and preparation, reminding believers of the importance of community and fellowship in the journey of faith.

At the LORD’s command
This phrase underscores the centrality of divine guidance in the life of the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "command" is "peh," which means "mouth," indicating that the instructions come directly from God's mouth. This highlights the personal and direct relationship between God and His people. Historically, this reflects the theocratic nature of Israel's journey, where God was not just a distant deity but an active leader. The Israelites' reliance on God's command is a model for believers today, emphasizing the importance of seeking and following divine guidance in all aspects of life.

the Israelites set out
The act of setting out signifies obedience and trust in God's timing and direction. The Hebrew word "nasa" means to pull up or set out, often used in the context of breaking camp. This reflects the transient nature of the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, a metaphor for the Christian journey of faith. It reminds believers that life is a pilgrimage, and we must be ready to move at God's direction, trusting in His plan and provision.

and at the LORD’s command
Repetition of this phrase emphasizes the consistency and reliability of God's guidance. It serves as a reminder that every movement and decision should be rooted in divine instruction. This repetition also reinforces the idea that God's commands are not burdensome but are meant to lead His people to the promised land, both literally for the Israelites and spiritually for Christians today.

they camped
Camping represents a time of rest and preparation. The Hebrew word "chanah" means to encamp or lay siege, indicating a temporary but purposeful stop. For the Israelites, camping was a time to regroup, worship, and receive further instructions from God. In the Christian life, it symbolizes moments of rest and reflection, where believers can recharge spiritually and prepare for the next phase of their journey.

As long as the cloud remained over the tabernacle
The cloud symbolizes God's presence and guidance. In Hebrew, "anan" refers to a cloud, often associated with divine presence and protection. The tabernacle was the dwelling place of God among His people, and the cloud's presence signified His continual guidance and protection. This imagery encourages believers to seek and remain under God's presence, trusting that He will guide and protect them through life's uncertainties.

they remained camped
This phrase highlights the importance of patience and waiting on God's timing. The Israelites' willingness to remain camped as long as the cloud stayed teaches the value of contentment and trust in God's perfect timing. For Christians, it is a reminder that sometimes God calls us to wait and be still, trusting that He is working behind the scenes for our good and His glory.

Even when the cloud lingered
The "cloud" here is a manifestation of God's presence, a divine guide for the Israelites during their wilderness journey. In Hebrew, the word for cloud is "עָנָן" (anan), which often symbolizes God's glory and guidance. The cloud's lingering signifies God's timing, which may not always align with human expectations. This teaches patience and trust in divine timing, reminding believers that God's presence is constant, even when progress seems delayed.

over the tabernacle
The "tabernacle" (Hebrew: "מִשְׁכָּן" - mishkan) was the portable earthly dwelling place of God among the Israelites. It represents God's desire to dwell among His people, a precursor to the New Testament revelation of God dwelling within believers through the Holy Spirit. The tabernacle was central to Israelite worship and community life, symbolizing God's holiness and the need for a sacred space dedicated to Him.

for many days
This phrase emphasizes the duration of God's presence and the Israelites' waiting. The Hebrew word for "days" is "יָמִים" (yamim), which can imply an indefinite period. The extended time teaches perseverance and faithfulness, encouraging believers to remain steadfast in their devotion and trust, even when God's plans unfold slowly.

the Israelites kept the LORD’s charge
"Kept" (Hebrew: "שָׁמַר" - shamar) implies careful observance and protection of God's commands. "The LORD’s charge" refers to the divine instructions given to the Israelites. This phrase highlights obedience and faithfulness, key themes in the covenant relationship between God and His people. It underscores the importance of adhering to God's will, even when circumstances are challenging or unclear.

and did not set out
The decision not to "set out" (Hebrew: "נָסַע" - nasa) reflects submission to God's guidance. The Israelites' journey was dictated by God's presence, teaching reliance on divine direction rather than human initiative. This obedience is a model for believers, illustrating the importance of waiting on God's timing and direction in life's journey.

Sometimes the cloud
The "cloud" here refers to the divine presence of God, often depicted as a cloud in the Old Testament. In Hebrew, the word for cloud is "עָנָן" (anan), which signifies not just a physical cloud but a manifestation of God's glory and guidance. This cloud was a visible sign of God's presence among His people, leading them through the wilderness. It is reminiscent of the Shekinah glory, a term used to describe the dwelling or settling of the divine presence of God. The cloud's presence was a constant reminder of God's sovereignty and His intimate involvement in the lives of the Israelites.

remained over the tabernacle
The tabernacle, or "מִשְׁכָּן" (mishkan) in Hebrew, was the portable earthly dwelling place of God among the Israelites. The cloud remaining over the tabernacle signifies God's approval and His dwelling among His people. The tabernacle was central to Israelite worship and community life, symbolizing God's covenant relationship with Israel. The presence of the cloud over the tabernacle indicated that God was with them, providing assurance and guidance.

for only a few days
This phrase highlights the unpredictability and the need for readiness in the Israelites' journey. The Hebrew word for "days" is "יָמִים" (yamim), which can mean a literal day or a period of time. The brevity of the cloud's stay emphasizes the importance of obedience and attentiveness to God's timing. It teaches the Israelites, and us, the lesson of trusting in God's perfect timing and being prepared to move or stay as He directs.

and they would camp
The act of camping, or "חָנָה" (chanah) in Hebrew, implies a temporary dwelling, a pause in the journey. This reflects the transient nature of life and the journey of faith. The Israelites' willingness to camp at God's command demonstrates their dependence on Him for direction and sustenance. It is a reminder that our lives are a pilgrimage, and we must be willing to pause and rest in God's presence when He calls us to.

at the LORD’s command
The phrase "at the LORD’s command" underscores the authority and leadership of God over His people. The Hebrew word for "command" is "פִּי" (pi), which literally means "mouth," indicating that the command comes directly from God's mouth. This highlights the personal and direct communication between God and His people. It is a call to obedience and trust in God's wisdom and plan.

and set out
To "set out," or "נָסַע" (nasa) in Hebrew, means to journey or depart. This action requires faith and trust in God's guidance, as the Israelites often moved into unknown territories. It symbolizes the forward movement in the spiritual journey, trusting that God will lead and provide. The willingness to set out at God's command reflects a heart of obedience and readiness to follow wherever He leads.

at the LORD’s command
Reiterating the phrase "at the LORD’s command" emphasizes the centrality of God's authority in the life of the Israelites. It serves as a reminder that every movement, every decision, should be rooted in seeking and following God's will. This repetition underscores the importance of living a life that is responsive to God's leading, trusting in His perfect plan and timing.

Sometimes the cloud remained
The "cloud" here refers to the divine presence of God, manifesting as a cloud over the tabernacle. In Hebrew, the word for cloud is "עָנָן" (anan), which signifies not just a physical cloud but a symbol of God's guidance and protection. This cloud was a visible sign of God's presence among His people, a constant reminder that He was with them. The fact that it "remained" indicates God's sovereign choice in guiding His people, teaching them to rely on His timing and wisdom.

only from evening till morning
This phrase highlights the unpredictability of God's guidance. The Hebrew words for "evening" (עֶרֶב, erev) and "morning" (בֹּקֶר, boqer) emphasize the natural cycle of day and night, suggesting that God's presence and guidance are not bound by human schedules or expectations. It teaches the Israelites—and us—that God's timing is perfect, even if it seems brief or inconvenient.

and when it lifted in the morning
The lifting of the cloud signifies a divine signal for the Israelites to move. The Hebrew root for "lifted" (עָלָה, alah) conveys the idea of ascending or going up, symbolizing a transition or a new phase in their journey. This movement was not arbitrary but orchestrated by God, reminding believers that our steps are ordered by the Lord (Psalm 37:23).

they set out
The phrase "set out" (נָסַע, nasa) in Hebrew implies a journey or departure. It reflects obedience and readiness to follow God's lead. The Israelites' willingness to move at God's command is a model of faith and trust, illustrating the importance of being prepared to act when God directs.

Whether by day or by night
This phrase underscores the constancy and reliability of God's guidance. The Hebrew words for "day" (יוֹם, yom) and "night" (לַיְלָה, laylah) indicate that God's presence is not limited by time. It reassures believers that God is with us in all circumstances, providing guidance and protection regardless of the time or situation.

whenever the cloud lifted
The repetition of the cloud lifting emphasizes the importance of divine timing. The Israelites had to be vigilant and attentive to God's signals, ready to move at a moment's notice. This teaches us the value of spiritual alertness and the need to be sensitive to the Holy Spirit's leading in our lives.

they set out
The repetition of this phrase reinforces the theme of obedience and trust. The Israelites' journey was a physical manifestation of their faith in God's promises. For modern believers, it serves as a reminder to walk by faith, trusting in God's plan and timing, even when the path is uncertain.

Whether the cloud lingered
The "cloud" here is a manifestation of God's presence, often referred to as the Shekinah glory. In Hebrew, the word for cloud is "עָנָן" (anan), which signifies a covering or a veil. This cloud was not just a meteorological phenomenon but a divine guide. The lingering of the cloud symbolizes God's timing and sovereignty. It teaches the Israelites, and us, the importance of waiting on God's timing rather than our own. The cloud's presence was a constant reminder of God's protection and guidance.

over the tabernacle
The "tabernacle" was the portable earthly dwelling place of God among the Israelites, known in Hebrew as "מִשְׁכָּן" (mishkan), meaning "dwelling place." It was central to the Israelite camp and their worship, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The tabernacle was meticulously constructed according to divine specifications, emphasizing the holiness and order of God. The cloud's position over the tabernacle signifies God's direct involvement and leadership in the life of the community.

for two days, a month, or a year
This phrase highlights the unpredictability and variability of God's guidance. The Hebrew terms for time periods here emphasize the need for patience and trust in God's plan. Whether short or long, the duration was determined by God, teaching the Israelites to rely on His wisdom rather than their own understanding. This variability also underscores the lesson of obedience and readiness to move at God's command, regardless of human plans or desires.

the Israelites camped and did not set out
The Israelites' obedience to the cloud's movement is a testament to their faith and trust in God's leadership. The Hebrew word for "camped" is "חָנָה" (chanah), which means to pitch a tent or to rest. This action required submission and patience, virtues that are essential in the life of faith. The Israelites' willingness to remain stationary until God directed otherwise is a powerful example of surrendering personal agendas to divine will.

but when it was lifted, they would set out
The lifting of the cloud signaled the time to move, representing a new phase or journey in the Israelites' pilgrimage. The Hebrew verb "נָסַע" (nasa) means to pull up, as in pulling up tent pegs, indicating readiness and action. This movement was not arbitrary but divinely orchestrated, teaching the importance of being attuned to God's signals and prepared to act in faith. The Israelites' journey was a physical manifestation of spiritual obedience, reflecting a life led by God's direction.

At the LORD’s command
The phrase emphasizes the divine authority and guidance that the Israelites followed during their journey. The Hebrew word for "command" here is "peh," which literally means "mouth." This suggests that the instructions were directly from the mouth of God, highlighting the personal and intimate nature of His guidance. Historically, this reflects the theocratic leadership structure of Israel, where God was the ultimate leader, and His will was communicated through His chosen servant, Moses.

they encamped
The act of encamping signifies a period of rest and stability for the Israelites. In the Hebrew context, "encamped" (chanah) implies not just setting up tents but also establishing a temporary community. This reflects the transient nature of their journey through the wilderness, where they relied on God’s provision and protection. Archaeologically, evidence of nomadic encampments in the Sinai Peninsula supports the biblical narrative of a people on the move, living in temporary dwellings.

and at the LORD’s command they set out
This phrase mirrors the earlier part of the verse, reinforcing the obedience of the Israelites to divine direction. The Hebrew word for "set out" (nasa) conveys the idea of pulling up tent pegs, symbolizing readiness and willingness to move forward. This movement was not arbitrary but was a response to God’s leading, illustrating a life of faith and trust in His timing and purposes.

they carried out the LORD’s requirements
Here, the focus is on obedience to God’s statutes and ordinances. The Hebrew term "mishmeret" for "requirements" implies a duty or charge that is to be kept diligently. This reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where obedience was a sign of faithfulness and devotion. Scripturally, this obedience is a recurring theme, underscoring the importance of living according to God’s revealed will.

according to His command through Moses
Moses, as the mediator of God’s covenant, played a crucial role in communicating God’s commands to the people. The phrase highlights the chain of command and the importance of leadership in the community of faith. Moses’ role as a prophet and leader is central to the narrative of the Pentateuch, and his faithfulness in conveying God’s instructions is a model for spiritual leadership. Historically, Moses is a pivotal figure, and his leadership is foundational to the identity and faith of Israel.