Then
This word serves as a transitional marker, indicating a continuation of the narrative and instructions that have been unfolding in the preceding chapters. In the context of Leviticus, "then" connects the previous laws and rituals with the new directives that God is about to give. It signifies a divine order and sequence, emphasizing that God's instructions are purposeful and timely. The Hebrew word for "then" often implies a sense of immediacy and importance, underscoring the urgency and relevance of God's communication to His people.

the LORD
This is the English representation of the Hebrew name "YHWH," often vocalized as Yahweh. It is the covenant name of God, highlighting His eternal, self-existent nature and His personal relationship with Israel. The use of "the LORD" here emphasizes the authority and holiness of the One who speaks. In the context of Leviticus, it reminds the Israelites of their unique covenant relationship with God, who is both their Creator and Redeemer. The name "YHWH" is a constant reminder of God's faithfulness and His unchanging nature.

said
The Hebrew word used here is "amar," which means to speak, declare, or command. This verb indicates that what follows is a direct communication from God, carrying divine authority and requiring obedience. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the spoken word was powerful and binding, and when God "said" something, it was not merely a suggestion but a command that demanded attention and action. This highlights the importance of listening to and obeying God's voice.

to Moses
Moses is the chosen leader and mediator between God and the Israelites. His role is crucial, as he is the one through whom God communicates His laws and instructions. Moses' unique relationship with God is characterized by direct communication, as seen throughout the Pentateuch. In the historical context, Moses is a revered prophet and lawgiver, and his leadership is instrumental in guiding the Israelites through the wilderness and establishing them as a nation under God's law. The mention of Moses here underscores the continuity of God's revelation and the importance of faithful leadership in conveying God's will to His people.

Speak to Aaron
The Hebrew word for "speak" is "דַּבֵּר" (daber), which implies a direct and authoritative communication. In the context of Leviticus, God is instructing Moses to convey His divine will to Aaron, the high priest. Aaron's role as the spiritual leader of Israel is underscored here, emphasizing the importance of priestly mediation in the covenant relationship between God and His people. This highlights the responsibility of spiritual leaders to faithfully communicate God's commands.

his sons
Aaron's sons, the priests, are included in this directive, indicating the hereditary nature of the priesthood in Israel. The Hebrew term "בָּנָיו" (banav) signifies not just biological offspring but also those who are to carry on the priestly duties. This inclusion underscores the continuity of spiritual leadership and the importance of training the next generation in the ways of the Lord.

and all the Israelites
The phrase "all the Israelites" translates from "כָּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל" (kol-benei Yisrael), encompassing the entire community of God's chosen people. This command is not limited to the priestly class but extends to every member of the Israelite community, highlighting the communal nature of God's covenant. It reflects the biblical principle that all believers are called to holiness and obedience, not just the leaders.

and tell them
The Hebrew "וְאָמַרְתָּ" (ve'amarta) is a directive to proclaim or declare. This reinforces the idea that God's commands are to be communicated clearly and authoritatively. The act of telling is not merely informational but transformational, intended to guide the Israelites in their covenantal relationship with God.

that this is what the LORD has commanded
The phrase "what the LORD has commanded" is rooted in the Hebrew "אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה" (asher-tzivah YHWH). This underscores the divine origin of the instructions, affirming that they are not human inventions but the sovereign decrees of Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God. The use of "commanded" (צִוָּה, tzivah) indicates a non-negotiable directive, reflecting God's authority and the expectation of obedience from His people. This serves as a reminder of the holiness and righteousness of God, who desires His people to live according to His statutes.

If any man
The phrase "If any man" indicates a universal application to all individuals within the community of Israel. The Hebrew word used here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which means "man" or "person." This sets the stage for a communal responsibility and accountability, emphasizing that the instructions are not limited to a specific group but apply to every member of the Israelite community. It underscores the personal responsibility each individual has in adhering to God's commands.

from the house of Israel
This phrase identifies the specific group to whom the command is directed: the Israelites. The "house of Israel" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, and signifies the covenant community chosen by God. This covenant relationship is central to understanding the laws given in Leviticus, as they are meant to set Israel apart as a holy nation dedicated to God.

slaughters
The Hebrew word for "slaughters" is "שָׁחַט" (shachat), which means to kill or butcher an animal for sacrifice or food. This act of slaughtering is not merely a mundane task but is deeply connected to the sacrificial system established by God. It highlights the importance of proper procedure and reverence in the act of taking life, which is to be done in accordance with divine instructions.

an ox, a lamb, or a goat
These animals—ox, lamb, and goat—are commonly used in sacrificial offerings. Each animal holds specific significance within the sacrificial system. The ox, often used for burnt offerings, symbolizes strength and service. The lamb, frequently associated with the Passover sacrifice, represents innocence and purity. The goat, used in sin offerings, signifies atonement and the removal of sin. The inclusion of these animals underscores the variety of offerings and the comprehensive nature of the sacrificial system.

in the camp or outside of it
This phrase indicates the geographical scope of the command, covering both the interior of the camp and the surrounding areas. The camp represents the organized community of Israel, while "outside of it" extends the command to any location where Israelites might find themselves. This comprehensive scope ensures that the regulations are adhered to regardless of location, emphasizing the omnipresence of God's law and the need for consistent obedience.

instead of bringing it
The phrase "instead of bringing it" underscores the importance of obedience to God's specific instructions. In the Hebrew context, the act of bringing a sacrifice to a designated place was not merely a ritual but a demonstration of faithfulness and submission to God's ordained order. The Hebrew root for "bringing" (הֵבִיא, hevi) implies a deliberate action, suggesting that worship requires intentionality and reverence.

to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The "entrance to the Tent of Meeting" was a sacred space where God met with His people. Historically, this was the central place of worship for the Israelites during their wilderness journey. The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, symbolized God's presence among His people. The Hebrew term for "entrance" (פֶּתַח, petach) signifies an opening or gateway, indicating that approaching God requires entering through the proper channels He has established.

to present it as an offering to the LORD
The act of presenting an offering "to the LORD" highlights the purpose of sacrifices: to honor and worship God. The Hebrew word for "offering" (קָרְבָּן, korban) is derived from a root meaning "to draw near," emphasizing that offerings were a means of drawing closer to God. This phrase reminds believers of the need for a heart posture of humility and devotion when approaching God.

before the tabernacle of the LORD
"Before the tabernacle of the LORD" indicates the proper location for sacrifices, reinforcing the idea that worship must be conducted according to God's instructions. The tabernacle was a physical representation of God's dwelling place among His people. The Hebrew word for "before" (לִפְנֵי, lifnei) can also mean "in the presence of," suggesting that all acts of worship are performed in the sight of God, who is holy and deserving of reverence.

that man shall be considered guilty of bloodshed
The phrase "that man shall be considered guilty of bloodshed" conveys the seriousness of disobedience. In the Hebrew context, bloodshed (דָּם, dam) is associated with life and death, and wrongful shedding of blood was a grave offense. This underscores the sanctity of life and the importance of following God's commands to maintain purity and righteousness.

he has shed blood
"Shedding blood" in this context refers to the improper handling of sacrifices, equating it with murder. The Hebrew understanding of blood as the life force (נֶפֶשׁ, nephesh) highlights the gravity of the act. This serves as a warning that disregarding God's instructions leads to spiritual and communal consequences.

and must be cut off from his people
The consequence of being "cut off from his people" signifies both a physical and spiritual separation. The Hebrew term for "cut off" (כָּרַת, karat) implies a severing of covenant relationship, indicating that disobedience results in exclusion from the community and the blessings of God's covenant. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the importance of covenant faithfulness and the communal nature of God's people.

This is so that
The phrase "This is so that" introduces a purpose or reason for the commandment that follows. In the Hebrew text, this is often expressed with a conjunction that indicates causality. The purpose here is to ensure that the Israelites' worship practices align with God's instructions, emphasizing obedience and reverence.

the Israelites
The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. This covenant community was chosen by God to be His people, set apart to live according to His laws. The historical context of Leviticus is the period after the Exodus, where God is establishing a distinct identity and religious practice for His people.

will bring to the LORD
The act of bringing sacrifices "to the LORD" signifies an offering made directly to God. In Hebrew, the word for "bring" often implies a presentation or offering, indicating that these acts are not merely ritualistic but are meant to be acts of worship and devotion to Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel.

the sacrifices
"Sacrifices" in this context refer to offerings made to God, which could include animals or other items. The Hebrew word for sacrifice, "korban," implies something brought near to God. Sacrifices were central to Israelite worship, symbolizing atonement, thanksgiving, and fellowship with God.

they are now making
This phrase indicates a current practice among the Israelites. Historically, before the establishment of centralized worship, sacrifices were often made in various locations. This command seeks to regulate and centralize worship practices to prevent idolatry and ensure proper reverence for God.

in the open fields
The "open fields" represent places outside the designated area for worship. In ancient times, it was common for people to offer sacrifices in various locations, which could lead to syncretism with pagan practices. This command aims to prevent such practices by centralizing worship.

They must bring them
The imperative "must bring" underscores the necessity and non-negotiable nature of this command. It reflects God's authority and the importance of obedience in the covenant relationship. The Israelites are called to follow God's instructions precisely.

to the priest
The role of "the priest" is crucial in the sacrificial system. Priests acted as mediators between God and the people, ensuring that sacrifices were offered correctly and in accordance with God's laws. This highlights the importance of proper mediation in worship.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The "entrance to the Tent of Meeting" was the designated place for sacrifices and worship. The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, was the portable sanctuary where God's presence dwelled among His people. This location signifies the centrality of God's presence in worship.

and offer them as sacrifices of peace offerings
"Peace offerings" were a type of sacrifice that symbolized fellowship and reconciliation with God. The Hebrew term "shelamim" implies wholeness or completeness, reflecting the peace and communion between God and the worshiper. These offerings were expressions of gratitude and fellowship.

to the LORD
The phrase "to the LORD" reiterates the ultimate recipient of the sacrifices. It emphasizes that worship is directed solely to Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. This focus on the LORD underscores the exclusivity of worship and the rejection of idolatry.

The priest
The role of the priest in ancient Israel was central to the spiritual life of the community. The Hebrew word for priest, "kohen," signifies one who is set apart to perform sacred duties. Priests acted as mediators between God and the people, emphasizing the holiness required to approach God. This highlights the importance of having a dedicated and consecrated individual to perform the sacred rites, pointing to the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, in the New Testament.

will then sprinkle the blood
The act of sprinkling blood was a significant ritual in the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word "zarak" means to scatter or sprinkle, symbolizing purification and atonement. Blood, representing life, was used to cleanse and sanctify, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins. This act underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of atonement.

on the altar of the LORD
The altar was a sacred place where sacrifices were offered to God. It served as a physical representation of divine presence and a point of contact between God and man. The phrase "of the LORD" signifies ownership and dedication to Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God. This altar prefigures the cross, where the ultimate sacrifice was made.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, or Tabernacle, was the dwelling place of God among His people. The entrance signifies access to God, but only through prescribed means. This foreshadows the New Covenant, where believers have direct access to God through Christ. The location of the altar at the entrance emphasizes the need for purification before entering God's presence.

and burn the fat
Burning the fat was an integral part of the sacrificial offering. The Hebrew word "qatar" means to make smoke or incense, symbolizing the offering being lifted to God. Fat, considered the best part of the animal, was reserved for God, signifying giving the best to Him. This act of burning represents total dedication and surrender to God.

as an aroma pleasing to the LORD
The phrase "aroma pleasing" translates the Hebrew "reach nichoach," indicating a soothing or satisfying scent. This anthropomorphic expression conveys God's acceptance of the sacrifice. It points to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose offering was a pleasing aroma to God, satisfying divine justice and reconciling humanity to God. This phrase inspires believers to live lives that are a pleasing aroma to God through obedience and worship.

They must no longer offer
The phrase "They must no longer offer" indicates a clear directive from God to the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "offer" is "זָבַח" (zabach), which means to sacrifice or slaughter. This command signifies a shift from previous practices, emphasizing a new covenantal relationship with God. Historically, this reflects a move away from pagan rituals that were prevalent in the ancient Near East, where sacrifices were often made to appease various deities.

their sacrifices
The term "sacrifices" refers to offerings made to deities. In Hebrew, "sacrifice" is "קָרְבָּן" (korban), meaning something brought near or presented. In the context of Leviticus, sacrifices were a means of worship and atonement, symbolizing the Israelites' devotion and obedience to God. This highlights the importance of directing worship solely to Yahweh, the one true God, rather than to false idols.

to the goat demons
The phrase "to the goat demons" is translated from the Hebrew "שֵׂעִירִים" (se'irim), which can mean hairy ones or goat-like creatures. This term is associated with pagan worship practices involving demonic entities or spirits. Archaeological findings suggest that goat idols were common in Canaanite religion, representing fertility and wilderness spirits. The prohibition underscores the need for the Israelites to separate themselves from idolatrous practices and focus on worshiping God alone.

to whom they have prostituted themselves
The expression "to whom they have prostituted themselves" uses the Hebrew root "זָנָה" (zanah), meaning to commit fornication or idolatry. This metaphorical language portrays idolatry as spiritual adultery, emphasizing the covenantal unfaithfulness of the Israelites when they worship other gods. It serves as a powerful reminder of the exclusive relationship God desires with His people, akin to a marriage covenant.

This will be a permanent statute
The phrase "This will be a permanent statute" indicates an enduring commandment. The Hebrew word for "statute" is "חֻקָּה" (chuqqah), meaning a decree or ordinance. This underscores the timeless nature of God's laws, intended to guide the Israelites in holiness and set them apart from other nations. It reflects the unchanging character of God and His eternal standards for His people.

for them for the generations to come
The concluding phrase "for them for the generations to come" emphasizes the lasting relevance of this command. It highlights the responsibility of each generation to uphold God's statutes and pass them down to their descendants. This continuity ensures that the Israelites remain faithful to God and His covenant, preserving their identity as His chosen people throughout history.

Tell them
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to Moses, emphasizing the importance of communication and obedience. The Hebrew root word for "tell" is "dabar," which means to speak or declare. This highlights the role of Moses as a mediator between God and the people, underscoring the necessity of clear and authoritative instruction in maintaining the covenant relationship.

if anyone
This phrase is inclusive, indicating that the command applies universally to all individuals within the community. The Hebrew word "ish" is used here, which can mean man or person, emphasizing that the law is not limited by gender or status. This universality reflects the comprehensive nature of God's law, which governs all aspects of life for His people.

from the house of Israel
This phrase identifies the primary audience of the command: the Israelites, God's chosen people. The "house of Israel" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, and signifies their collective identity as a covenant community. This highlights the special relationship between God and Israel, rooted in the promises made to the patriarchs.

or any foreigner living among them
This inclusion of foreigners, or "ger" in Hebrew, living among the Israelites, demonstrates the openness of God's covenant to those outside the ethnic boundaries of Israel. It reflects the broader biblical theme of God's concern for all nations and His desire for inclusivity within His covenant community, provided they adhere to His laws.

offers a burnt offering or sacrifice
The act of offering a burnt offering or sacrifice is central to the worship practices of ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "burnt offering" is "olah," which means "that which goes up," referring to the smoke rising to God. Sacrifices were a means of atonement and worship, symbolizing the offerer's devotion and submission to God. This phrase underscores the importance of proper worship and the need for sacrifices to be made in accordance with God's instructions, reflecting His holiness and the seriousness of approaching Him.

but does not bring it
This phrase emphasizes the importance of obedience and the specific action required by the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "bring" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which means to come or to go. In this context, it signifies the act of approaching God in the prescribed manner. The act of bringing the sacrifice to the designated place underscores the necessity of following God's commands precisely, reflecting a heart of submission and reverence.

to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting" was the sacred place where God met with Moses and the Israelites. The Hebrew term "אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד" (ohel mo'ed) signifies a place of divine appointment. This location was central to Israelite worship and symbolized God's presence among His people. Bringing the sacrifice to the entrance highlights the importance of approaching God in the way He has ordained, acknowledging His holiness and the need for mediation.

to sacrifice it to the LORD
The act of sacrifice was a central element of worship in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "sacrifice" is "זָבַח" (zabach), which involves offering something valuable to God. Sacrificing "to the LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) indicates that the act is not merely ritualistic but a profound expression of devotion and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. It reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, where sacrifices were a means of atonement and fellowship.

that man must be cut off from his people
The phrase "cut off" comes from the Hebrew "כָּרַת" (karath), meaning to sever or to eliminate. This severe consequence underscores the gravity of disobedience and the importance of communal purity and holiness. Being "cut off" from the people was both a physical and spiritual separation, indicating the seriousness of failing to honor God's commands. It serves as a sobering reminder of the need for faithfulness and the consequences of disregarding God's established order.

If anyone from the house of Israel
This phrase establishes the primary audience of the command: the Israelites, God's chosen people. The "house of Israel" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, who were delivered from Egypt and given the Law at Mount Sinai. This covenantal relationship is foundational, as it sets the Israelites apart as a holy nation (Exodus 19:5-6). The Hebrew word for "house" (בֵּית, bayit) implies not just a physical dwelling but a familial and communal identity, emphasizing the collective responsibility of the Israelites to uphold God's commandments.

or any foreigner living among them
The inclusion of "any foreigner" (גֵּר, ger) highlights the universality of God's laws and the inclusivity of His covenant community. In ancient Israel, foreigners who lived among the Israelites were expected to adhere to certain laws, especially those related to worship and purity. This reflects God's desire for holiness and order within the community, regardless of ethnic origin. It also foreshadows the New Testament teaching that God's salvation is available to all people, Jew and Gentile alike (Galatians 3:28).

eats any blood
The prohibition against consuming blood is a recurring theme in the Mosaic Law (Leviticus 3:17, 7:26-27). Blood is considered sacred because it represents life (Leviticus 17:11). The Hebrew word for blood (דָּם, dam) is often associated with life and atonement. By forbidding the consumption of blood, God underscores the sanctity of life and the importance of respecting His creation. This command also serves as a reminder of the sacrificial system, where blood was used for atonement, pointing ultimately to the sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for the remission of sins (Hebrews 9:22).

I will set My face against that person
This phrase indicates divine disapproval and impending judgment. The expression "set My face against" (פָּנַי בְּנֶגֶד, panai b'neged) conveys a sense of active opposition from God. In the biblical context, God's face represents His presence and favor. To have God's face set against someone is to be deprived of His blessing and protection. This warning serves as a serious reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of living in accordance with God's commands.

and cut him off from his people
The consequence of being "cut off" (כָּרַת, karat) is severe, implying both physical and spiritual separation from the community. This could mean death or excommunication, reflecting the gravity of the offense. In the ancient Near Eastern context, being cut off from one's people was a fate worse than death, as it meant losing one's identity and inheritance. This underscores the seriousness with which God views the violation of His laws and the need for His people to maintain purity and holiness.

For the life of the flesh
The Hebrew word for "life" here is "nephesh," which can also mean "soul" or "being." This word emphasizes the intrinsic connection between life and the physical body, or "flesh" ("basar" in Hebrew). In the ancient Near Eastern context, life was understood as a holistic concept, where the physical and spiritual were intertwined. This phrase underscores the sanctity of life as ordained by God, reminding us that life is a divine gift, sustained by His will.

is in the blood
The Hebrew term "dam" for "blood" is central to the sacrificial system in the Old Testament. Blood symbolizes life itself, as it is the vital fluid that sustains the body. In ancient Israel, blood was not merely a physical substance but a sacred element that represented the essence of life. This understanding is foundational to the sacrificial practices, where blood is seen as the means of atonement and purification.

and I have given it to you on the altar
The phrase "I have given" indicates divine provision and authority. The altar, "mizbeach" in Hebrew, was the designated place for sacrifices, symbolizing God's presence and the meeting point between the divine and human realms. This provision of blood on the altar signifies God's initiative in establishing a means for reconciliation and communion with His people.

to make atonement for your souls
The Hebrew word for "atonement" is "kaphar," which means to cover or to make reconciliation. This concept is central to the sacrificial system, where the shedding of blood serves as a covering for sin, allowing for the restoration of the relationship between God and humanity. The "soul" or "nephesh" here emphasizes the depth of atonement, addressing the spiritual and moral aspects of human existence.

for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul
This reiteration highlights the unique role of blood in the atonement process. The sacrificial system foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose blood was shed for the redemption of humanity. In the New Testament, this concept is fulfilled in Christ's atoning work on the cross, where His blood becomes the means of eternal reconciliation with God. This verse, therefore, points to the profound theological truth that life, sacrifice, and redemption are intricately connected through the divine provision of blood.

Therefore I say to the Israelites
This phrase establishes the authority and direct communication from God to His chosen people, the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "say" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used in the context of divine speech, emphasizing the importance and solemnity of the command. Historically, the Israelites were set apart as a holy nation, and this directive underscores their unique covenant relationship with God.

None of you may eat blood
The prohibition against consuming blood is a recurring theme in the Mosaic Law. The Hebrew word for "blood" is "דָּם" (dam), which is considered the life force of a creature. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, blood was often associated with life and vitality. By forbidding its consumption, God was teaching the Israelites to respect life and recognize the sanctity of blood, which would later be fulfilled in the sacrificial system pointing to Christ's ultimate sacrifice.

nor may any foreigner residing among you eat blood
This inclusion of "foreigner" or "גֵּר" (ger) highlights the universality of God's moral laws. Even those who were not ethnically Israelite but lived among them were expected to adhere to certain divine statutes. This reflects God's desire for holiness and order within the community, regardless of one's background. It also foreshadows the New Testament teaching that God's moral laws transcend ethnic and cultural boundaries, inviting all to partake in His covenant through faith in Jesus Christ.

Any Israelite or any foreigner residing among them
This phrase emphasizes the inclusivity of God's laws, extending beyond the native Israelites to include foreigners living among them. The Hebrew word for "foreigner" is "ger," which refers to a non-Israelite who has chosen to live within the community and abide by its laws. This reflects God's desire for holiness and order within the community, regardless of ethnic origin, and underscores the universal nature of God's covenant with humanity.

who hunts down a wild animal or bird that may be eaten
The act of hunting is addressed here, indicating that the Israelites were permitted to hunt for food. The phrase "that may be eaten" refers to the dietary laws outlined in Leviticus 11, which specify clean and unclean animals. This distinction is rooted in the Hebrew word "tamei" (unclean) and "tahor" (clean), which are central to the holiness code. The emphasis on permissible animals underscores the importance of obedience to God's commandments in daily life.

must drain its blood
The command to drain the blood is a critical aspect of the dietary laws. The Hebrew word for blood is "dam," and it is considered the life force of the creature. Leviticus 17:11 states, "For the life of the flesh is in the blood." This commandment highlights the sanctity of life and the recognition that life belongs to God. By draining the blood, the Israelites acknowledge God's sovereignty over life and death.

and cover it with dirt
Covering the blood with dirt is a symbolic act of respect and reverence for the life that was taken. The Hebrew word for "cover" is "kaphar," which can also mean to atone or make amends. This act serves as a reminder of the gravity of taking a life, even for sustenance, and the need for atonement. It reflects a deep respect for God's creation and the acknowledgment of human responsibility in the stewardship of the earth.

For the life of all flesh is its blood
The Hebrew word for "life" is "nephesh," which can also mean soul or living being. This phrase underscores the intrinsic connection between life and blood, a concept deeply rooted in ancient Hebrew understanding. Blood is seen as the vital force that sustains life, a belief that aligns with the physiological reality that blood circulates oxygen and nutrients essential for life. This connection is not merely biological but also spiritual, as blood is considered sacred and representative of life given by God.

Therefore I have said to the Israelites
This phrase emphasizes the divine authority behind the command. The Israelites are reminded that these instructions come directly from God, reinforcing the covenant relationship between God and His chosen people. The use of "I have said" indicates a direct communication from God, highlighting the importance of obedience to His commands as an act of faith and reverence.

‘You must not eat the blood of any creature
The prohibition against consuming blood is a recurring theme in the Mosaic Law, reflecting the sanctity of life. In the ancient Near Eastern context, blood was often used in pagan rituals, and this command serves to set the Israelites apart from surrounding nations. By abstaining from blood, the Israelites demonstrate their commitment to God's holiness and their distinct identity as His people.

because the life of every creature is its blood
Reiterating the earlier statement, this phrase reinforces the theological principle that life is sacred and belongs to God. The repetition serves to emphasize the seriousness of the command and the need for the Israelites to respect the divine order established by God. It also reflects a broader biblical theme that life is a gift from God and should be treated with reverence.

whoever eats it must be cut off.’
The phrase "must be cut off" indicates a severe consequence for disobedience. In the Hebrew context, being "cut off" could mean excommunication from the community or even death, depending on the severity of the offense. This underscores the gravity of the command and the importance of maintaining purity and obedience within the community. It serves as a deterrent against violating God's laws and highlights the communal responsibility to uphold God's standards.

And any person
This phrase emphasizes the inclusivity of the law, applying to all individuals without exception. The Hebrew word used here is "נֶפֶשׁ" (nephesh), often translated as "soul" or "being," indicating the holistic nature of the law's application. It underscores the communal responsibility and the personal accountability each individual holds in maintaining purity and obedience to God's commandments.

who eats a carcass
The term "carcass" refers to an animal that has died of natural causes or disease, not slaughtered according to the ritual laws. The Hebrew word "נְבֵלָה" (nevelah) is used, which carries connotations of impurity and defilement. This prohibition highlights the importance of distinguishing between clean and unclean, a recurring theme in Levitical law, emphasizing the need for holiness and separation from death and decay.

or anything torn by wild animals
This phrase refers to animals that have been killed by predators, known in Hebrew as "טְרֵפָה" (t'refah). The consumption of such meat was forbidden because it was not slaughtered in a manner that respected the life of the animal, reflecting a broader principle of respect for God's creation and the sanctity of life.

whether he is native or a foreigner
This inclusion of both "native" (Hebrew: "אֶזְרָח" - ezrach) and "foreigner" (Hebrew: "גֵּר" - ger) underscores the universal application of God's laws. It reflects the idea that God's standards of holiness and purity transcend ethnic and cultural boundaries, inviting all who dwell among His people to participate in His covenant community.

must wash his clothes and bathe with water
The act of washing clothes and bathing signifies a ritual purification process. Water, a symbol of cleansing and renewal, is used to remove impurity. This practice points to the deeper spiritual truth of repentance and the need for inner cleansing, foreshadowing the New Testament concept of baptism as a sign of spiritual renewal and purification.

and he will be unclean until evening
The state of being "unclean" until evening indicates a temporary condition, not a permanent state. The Hebrew word "טָמֵא" (tamei) is used, which denotes ritual impurity rather than moral sinfulness. This temporary uncleanness serves as a reminder of human frailty and the need for continual reliance on God's grace and provision for restoration.

then he will be clean
The transition from unclean to clean signifies restoration and reintegration into the community. The Hebrew word "טָהֵר" (taher) means to be pure or clean, reflecting God's desire for His people to live in a state of holiness. This cleansing process points to the ultimate purification available through Christ, who cleanses us from all unrighteousness and restores us to fellowship with God.

But if he does not wash his clothes
The phrase "wash his clothes" in the Hebrew text is "כִּבֶּס בְּגָדָיו" (kibbes begadav). The act of washing clothes in ancient Israel was not merely a physical cleansing but also held a significant ritualistic and symbolic meaning. In the context of Leviticus, washing was often associated with purification and the removal of impurity or sin. The requirement to wash one's clothes signifies a call to holiness and a separation from defilement. This reflects the broader Levitical theme of maintaining purity before God, who is holy. The act of washing symbolizes repentance and the desire to be cleansed from sin, aligning with the New Testament call for believers to be washed and renewed through Christ.

and bathe himself
The Hebrew word for "bathe" is "רָחַץ" (rachatz), which means to wash or cleanse oneself. In the ancient Near Eastern context, bathing was a significant act of purification, often required before participating in religious activities or entering sacred spaces. This requirement underscores the importance of personal holiness and the need for individuals to be clean before approaching God. It serves as a reminder of the inner cleansing that is necessary for true worship and fellowship with the Lord. The physical act of bathing points to the spiritual cleansing that is fulfilled in the New Testament through the blood of Christ, which washes away sin and makes believers pure before God.

he will bear his iniquity
The phrase "bear his iniquity" in Hebrew is "יִשָּׂא עֲוֹנוֹ" (yissa avono). This expression indicates that the individual will be held accountable for their sin and will face the consequences of their actions. In the Levitical system, failing to adhere to God's commands, especially those related to purity and holiness, resulted in bearing one's iniquity, which could lead to separation from the community or even death. This highlights the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement. In a broader biblical context, this phrase points to the ultimate bearing of iniquity by Jesus Christ, who took upon Himself the sins of the world, offering redemption and reconciliation with God. It serves as a sobering reminder of the cost of sin and the grace available through faith in Christ.