One day
This phrase sets the stage for a specific event in the life of Samson, a judge of Israel. The Hebrew word for "day" (יוֹם, yom) often signifies a particular moment or period of time that is significant in biblical narratives. Here, it marks the beginning of a pivotal episode in Samson's life, emphasizing the divine orchestration of events that will unfold according to God's sovereign plan.

Samson
Samson, whose name in Hebrew (שִׁמְשׁוֹן, Shimshon) means "sun" or "brightness," is one of the most renowned judges of Israel. His life is a testament to the extraordinary strength and potential that God can bestow upon an individual. However, it also serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of personal weaknesses and disobedience. Samson's account is a reminder of the importance of faithfulness to God's calling.

went down
The phrase "went down" is significant both geographically and spiritually. Geographically, it indicates a descent from the higher elevations of Samson's home region to the lower lands of Timnah. Spiritually, it can symbolize a descent into temptation and compromise, as Samson's journey leads him into the territory of the Philistines, who were enemies of Israel. This descent foreshadows the challenges and moral struggles Samson will face.

to Timnah
Timnah was a town located in the territory of the Philistines, a people who were often in conflict with the Israelites. The mention of Timnah highlights the tension between the Israelites and the Philistines during this period. Archaeological evidence suggests that Timnah was a significant Philistine settlement, which underscores the gravity of Samson's decision to venture into enemy territory.

where he saw
The act of seeing is often a precursor to desire and action in biblical narratives. The Hebrew verb רָאָה (ra'ah) implies more than just a casual glance; it suggests a deliberate observation that leads to a decision. Samson's sight of the Philistine woman sets in motion a series of events driven by his desires, illustrating the biblical theme of the eyes as a gateway to temptation.

a young Philistine woman
The mention of a "young Philistine woman" introduces a central conflict in Samson's story. The Philistines were known for their pagan practices and were adversaries of Israel. Samson's attraction to a Philistine woman highlights the tension between his divine calling as an Israelite judge and his personal inclinations. This relationship serves as a narrative device to explore themes of cultural and spiritual compromise, as well as the consequences of intermingling with those who do not share the same faith and values.

So he went up
This phrase indicates a deliberate action taken by Samson. The Hebrew root for "went up" is "עָלָה" (alah), which often signifies an ascent or a journey with purpose. In the context of ancient Israel, going up often referred to traveling to a place of significance, such as a city or a place of worship. Samson's journey is not just physical but also symbolic of his rising to a pivotal moment in his life, as he begins to fulfill his role as a judge of Israel.

and told his father and mother
The act of telling his parents highlights the cultural importance of family and parental involvement in decisions, especially regarding marriage. In ancient Israelite society, family units were central, and parental blessing was often sought for major life decisions. This reflects the commandment to honor one's father and mother, emphasizing the respect and authority parents held in the family structure.

I have seen a Philistine woman in Timnah
The Philistines were one of Israel's primary adversaries during the time of the Judges. The mention of a "Philistine woman" introduces a tension between Samson's personal desires and his divine calling to deliver Israel from Philistine oppression. Timnah, an ancient city, was located in the territory allotted to the tribe of Dan, yet it was under Philistine control, illustrating the complex socio-political landscape of the time.

now get her for me as a wife
This request reflects the customs of arranged marriages in ancient Near Eastern cultures, where parents often negotiated marriages for their children. However, Samson's demand also reveals his impulsive nature and foreshadows the personal and national conflicts that arise from his relationships with Philistine women. His desire for a Philistine wife is contrary to the Israelite law, which discouraged intermarriage with surrounding nations to prevent idolatry and cultural assimilation.

But his father and mother replied
In this opening phrase, we see the involvement of Samson's parents in his life decisions. The Hebrew word for "father" is "אָב" (av), and "mother" is "אֵם" (em). This highlights the family structure and the respect for parental authority in ancient Israelite culture. The parents' reply indicates their concern and guidance, which is a recurring theme in biblical narratives, emphasizing the importance of honoring one's parents as commanded in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:12).

Is there no woman among the daughters of your relatives
This phrase reflects the cultural and religious expectation for Israelites to marry within their own community. The Hebrew word for "daughters" is "בָּנוֹת" (banot), which signifies not just familial ties but also cultural and religious continuity. Marrying within one's tribe or people was seen as a way to preserve the covenant community and avoid the influence of foreign gods, as warned in Deuteronomy 7:3-4.

or among all our people
The phrase "all our people" underscores the collective identity of the Israelites. The Hebrew term "עַם" (am) for "people" conveys a sense of belonging and shared faith. This reflects the broader biblical narrative where Israel is called to be a distinct nation, set apart for God's purposes (Exodus 19:5-6). The parents' question implies a concern for maintaining this distinctiveness.

that you must go to the uncircumcised Philistines
The term "uncircumcised" is significant, as circumcision was the sign of the covenant between God and Abraham's descendants (Genesis 17:10-14). The Philistines, being uncircumcised, were outside this covenant community. This highlights the tension between Israel and the surrounding nations, where intermarriage could lead to idolatry and a departure from God's laws, as seen in the warnings throughout the Old Testament.

to get a wife?”
The act of "getting a wife" from the Philistines is not just a personal choice but a theological and communal issue. In the Hebrew context, marriage was not merely a private affair but a covenantal relationship with implications for the entire community. Samson's desire to marry a Philistine woman challenges the boundaries set by God for His people, reflecting the recurring theme of Israel's struggle with faithfulness to God's commands.

But Samson said to his father
Here, we see Samson's response, indicating his determination and perhaps a hint of defiance. The Hebrew name "שִׁמְשׁוֹן" (Shimshon) means "sun-like" or "little sun," suggesting strength and potential. However, his insistence on his own desires foreshadows the personal and national conflicts that arise from disregarding divine guidance.

Get her for me
Samson's demand is direct and assertive, showing his strong will. The Hebrew verb "קַח" (kach) means "to take" or "to get," indicating action and possession. This reflects a self-centered approach, contrasting with the biblical ideal of seeking God's will in all decisions, especially those as significant as marriage.

for she is pleasing to my eyes.”
The phrase "pleasing to my eyes" reveals Samson's focus on physical attraction rather than spiritual or covenantal considerations. The Hebrew word "יָשָׁר" (yashar) means "right" or "pleasing," often used to describe what is good in one's own sight. This echoes the recurring biblical warning against doing what is right in one's own eyes rather than following God's commandments (Judges 17:6, 21:25). It serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of prioritizing personal desires over divine directives.

Now his father and mother did not know
This phrase highlights the limited understanding of Samson's parents regarding the divine plan. In Hebrew culture, parental guidance was highly esteemed, yet here, their lack of knowledge underscores the mysterious ways in which God operates. The Hebrew root for "know" (יָדַע, yada) implies an intimate understanding, suggesting that God's plans often transcend human comprehension.

that this was from the LORD
The phrase emphasizes divine sovereignty. The Hebrew term for "LORD" (יְהוָה, Yahweh) is the covenant name of God, indicating His personal involvement in the affairs of Israel. This reflects the biblical theme that God orchestrates events for His purposes, even when they seem contrary to human expectations.

who was seeking an occasion
This phrase reveals God's proactive role in the unfolding narrative. The Hebrew root for "seeking" (בָּקַשׁ, baqash) conveys a deliberate pursuit, indicating that God is actively working to fulfill His purposes. It suggests that God uses even the flawed actions of individuals to bring about His divine will.

to move against the Philistines
Here, the phrase indicates God's intention to confront Israel's oppressors. The Philistines were a significant threat to Israel during this period, and God's movement against them signifies His commitment to deliver His people. Historically, the Philistines were known for their military prowess, making God's intervention necessary for Israel's survival.

for at that time the Philistines were ruling over Israel
This phrase sets the historical context of the narrative. The Philistine domination was a result of Israel's disobedience, as recorded in the cyclical pattern of sin and deliverance in the Book of Judges. The Hebrew term for "ruling" (מָשַׁל, mashal) implies a harsh dominion, highlighting the need for divine intervention to restore Israel's freedom.

Then Samson went down to Timnah
The phrase "went down" in Hebrew is "yarad," which often implies a physical descent but can also suggest a spiritual or moral decline. Timnah was a Philistine city, and Samson's journey there foreshadows his entanglement with the Philistines, who were enemies of Israel. This descent can be seen as symbolic of Samson's gradual departure from his Nazirite vow and his calling as a judge of Israel. The journey to Timnah marks the beginning of a series of events that lead to both personal and national consequences.

with his father and mother
Samson's parents accompany him, highlighting the familial bonds and the respect for parental authority in ancient Israelite culture. However, their presence also underscores the tension between Samson's personal desires and his obligations to his family and God. His parents' involvement in his journey to a Philistine city may indicate their concern for his choices, reflecting the broader theme of parental guidance and the struggle between following God's will and personal inclinations.

and came to the vineyards of Timnah
The mention of "vineyards" is significant, as Samson, being a Nazirite, was to abstain from wine and anything related to the vine (Numbers 6:3-4). This setting foreshadows the potential for temptation and compromise. The vineyards symbolize the allure of worldly pleasures and the challenges of maintaining one's spiritual commitments amidst such temptations. Samson's presence in the vineyards serves as a metaphor for his proximity to spiritual danger and the ease with which one can stray from their vows.

Suddenly a young lion came roaring at him
The "young lion" represents a sudden and fierce challenge, both physically and spiritually. In the ancient Near East, lions were symbols of strength and danger, and their appearance often signified a test or trial. The lion's roar can be seen as a metaphor for the unexpected trials that believers face, testing their faith and reliance on God. Samson's encounter with the lion is a pivotal moment that demonstrates God's empowerment, as he later overcomes the lion through divine strength. This event foreshadows the spiritual battles that Samson will face and the need for divine intervention in overcoming them.

The Spirit of the LORD
This phrase signifies the divine empowerment that comes upon individuals chosen by God for a specific purpose. In Hebrew, "Ruach Yahweh" indicates a powerful, life-giving force. Throughout the Old Testament, the Spirit of the LORD is seen as the source of strength, wisdom, and courage. In the context of Judges, it often comes upon the judges to enable them to deliver Israel from its enemies. This divine empowerment is not a permanent indwelling as seen in the New Testament but a temporary anointing for a specific task.

came powerfully upon him
The Hebrew word used here is "tsalach," which means to rush upon or to prosper. This indicates a sudden and overwhelming empowerment. Samson, like other judges, experiences this divine surge of strength, enabling him to perform feats beyond human capability. This phrase underscores the supernatural nature of Samson's strength, emphasizing that it is not of his own doing but a gift from God for the deliverance of His people.

so that he tore the lion apart
The act of tearing the lion apart is a demonstration of the extraordinary strength given to Samson by the Spirit of the LORD. Lions were symbols of power and danger in the ancient Near East, and defeating one barehanded would have been seen as an incredible feat. This act foreshadows Samson's role as a deliverer of Israel, capable of overcoming formidable foes through divine empowerment.

with his bare hands
This detail highlights the miraculous nature of the event. In the ancient world, lions were hunted with weapons, and to kill one with bare hands would be unthinkable. This emphasizes the extent of the Spirit's power upon Samson, making him capable of what would otherwise be impossible. It serves as a reminder that God equips His chosen servants with whatever is necessary to accomplish His purposes.

as he might have torn a young goat
This comparison to tearing a young goat, a much less formidable creature, serves to underscore the ease with which Samson defeated the lion. It illustrates the complete and overwhelming nature of the Spirit's empowerment. In the cultural context, this simile would have been understood as a demonstration of effortless strength, further highlighting the miraculous nature of Samson's victory.

But he did not tell his father or mother what he had done
This secrecy may reflect Samson's complex character and the beginning of his pattern of acting independently and impulsively. It also sets the stage for future events in the narrative, where his actions and their consequences unfold in unexpected ways. The omission of sharing this miraculous event with his parents could indicate a personal struggle or a foreshadowing of his eventual downfall due to his lack of accountability and transparency.

So he went down and spoke to the woman, and he liked her
So he went down
The phrase "went down" is significant in the context of ancient Israelite geography and culture. Samson's journey from the hill country of Zorah to the Philistine territory of Timnah is not just a physical descent but also a symbolic one. The Hebrew root for "went down" is "yarad," which often implies a movement away from a place of spiritual or moral high ground. This descent can be seen as a metaphor for Samson's spiritual journey, as he moves away from his Nazirite calling and the expectations of his people. In a broader biblical context, "going down" often precedes a trial or a test, as seen in the accounts of Jonah or Joseph.

and spoke to the woman
The act of speaking to the woman highlights the personal agency and choice of Samson. In the ancient Near Eastern context, marriages were often arranged by families, and direct communication between a man and a woman prior to marriage was not always customary. The Hebrew word for "spoke" is "dabar," which can mean to speak, declare, or converse. This indicates that Samson took an active role in pursuing this relationship, which is significant given the cultural and religious tensions between the Israelites and the Philistines. This action foreshadows the personal and national conflicts that will arise from this union.

and he liked her
The phrase "he liked her" reveals Samson's personal attraction and emotional response. The Hebrew root for "liked" is "yashar," which can mean to be pleasing or right in one's eyes. This phrase underscores the theme of individual desire versus divine command, a recurring motif in the Book of Judges. Samson's attraction to the Philistine woman is based on his own judgment rather than seeking God's will, reflecting the broader narrative of Israel during this period, where "everyone did what was right in his own eyes" (Judges 21:25). This sets the stage for the ensuing narrative, where personal desires lead to conflict and divine intervention.

Some time later
This phrase indicates a passage of time since the previous events, suggesting a period of reflection or change. In the Hebrew context, time is often seen as a divine tool for growth and preparation. The delay implies that God’s plans unfold in His timing, not ours, reminding us of the importance of patience and trust in divine providence.

when he returned to marry her
Samson's return to marry the Philistine woman highlights the cultural and personal tensions in his life. The Hebrew tradition emphasized marrying within the faith, yet Samson's actions reflect a personal struggle and a divine plan that transcends cultural norms. This phrase challenges us to consider how God can work through our choices, even those that seem contrary to His laws.

he turned aside
This action of turning aside suggests a deliberate choice to deviate from the path. In biblical narratives, such deviations often lead to significant encounters or revelations. It serves as a metaphor for the moments when we step away from our routine and encounter God’s unexpected lessons.

to see the carcass of the lion
The lion, previously defeated by Samson, symbolizes both his physical strength and the spiritual battles he faces. In Hebrew culture, lions often represent power and danger. The carcass, now lifeless, signifies past victories and the ongoing struggle between human strength and divine empowerment.

and in it was a swarm of bees
Bees, in ancient times, were symbols of industriousness and community. Their presence in the lion’s carcass is unexpected, symbolizing how God can bring life and sweetness from death and decay. This imagery encourages believers to see God’s hand in transforming our defeats into sources of blessing.

along with some honey
Honey, a symbol of abundance and blessing in the Bible, represents God’s provision and the sweetness of His promises. The presence of honey in the lion’s carcass is a powerful reminder that God can bring forth good from the most unlikely situations, turning our trials into testimonies of His faithfulness.

He scooped out the honey with his hands
In this phrase, we see Samson engaging in an act that is both literal and symbolic. The Hebrew root for "scooped" (גָּרַף, garaph) implies a forceful action, suggesting Samson's strength and determination. Historically, honey was a valuable commodity in ancient Israel, often associated with abundance and blessing. By using his hands, Samson directly engages with God's creation, yet he does so in a way that disregards the Nazirite vow, which forbade contact with anything unclean, including a carcass. This act foreshadows Samson's tendency to prioritize personal desires over divine commands.

and ate it as he went along
The act of eating the honey "as he went along" indicates a casual disregard for the spiritual implications of his actions. The Hebrew verb for "ate" (אָכַל, akal) is straightforward, but its use here highlights Samson's impulsive nature. In a broader scriptural context, eating often symbolizes taking in or accepting something into one's life. Samson's consumption of the honey, obtained from a carcass, reflects his willingness to compromise his spiritual commitments for immediate gratification.

When he returned to his father and mother
This phrase sets the stage for a significant relational dynamic. The Hebrew word for "returned" (שׁוּב, shuv) often implies a change or turning back. Samson's return to his parents, who represent his spiritual heritage and upbringing, contrasts with his recent actions that deviate from his Nazirite vow. This moment underscores the tension between familial expectations and personal choices, a recurring theme in Samson's life.

he gave some to them and they ate it
Here, Samson involves his parents in his transgression, albeit unknowingly. The act of giving (נָתַן, natan) is significant in Hebrew culture, often symbolizing the transfer of blessing or responsibility. By sharing the honey, Samson not only spreads the physical sweetness but also the spiritual compromise. This action can be seen as a metaphor for how personal sin can affect those around us, even when they are unaware of its origins.

But he did not tell them
The phrase "But he did not tell them" reveals Samson's awareness of his wrongdoing. The Hebrew verb for "tell" (נָגַד, nagad) implies making something known or declaring it openly. Samson's choice to withhold the truth from his parents indicates a conscious decision to conceal his disobedience. This secrecy highlights a moral and spiritual failing, as transparency and truthfulness are valued in biblical teachings.

that he had scooped the honey from the carcass of the lion
The final phrase brings the narrative full circle, emphasizing the source of the honey. The "carcass of the lion" is a powerful image, representing both Samson's physical victory and his spiritual defeat. In Hebrew culture, touching a dead body rendered one ceremonially unclean, a direct violation of Samson's Nazirite vow. This detail underscores the gravity of his actions and serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of compromising one's spiritual commitments for personal gain.

Then Samson’s father went down to the woman
This phrase indicates the involvement of Samson's family in the marriage process, which was a significant cultural practice in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "father" here is "אָב" (av), emphasizing the patriarchal structure of the family. The act of going "down" suggests a physical journey, but also a descent into a situation that would later prove to be fraught with challenges. The "woman" refers to the Philistine bride, highlighting the tension between the Israelites and the Philistines, as intermarriage was generally discouraged due to religious and cultural differences.

and Samson prepared a feast there
The word "feast" in Hebrew is "מִשְׁתֶּה" (mishteh), which implies a banquet or a drinking party. This was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern weddings, often lasting several days. The preparation of such a feast by Samson himself indicates his active role in the celebration, which was significant given his Nazirite vow that typically required abstinence from wine. This act foreshadows the internal conflict between his divine calling and personal desires.

as was customary for the bridegroom
The phrase "as was customary" underscores the adherence to cultural traditions of the time. The Hebrew term for "customary" is "כַּאֲשֶׁר" (ka'asher), meaning "according to" or "as." This highlights the societal expectations placed upon the bridegroom to host and provide for the wedding feast. The role of the "bridegroom" (חָתָן, chathan) was not only to celebrate but also to establish a new household, symbolizing a transition into a new phase of life. This custom reflects the communal nature of marriage in ancient Israel, where the union was not just between two individuals but between families and communities.

When the people saw him
This phrase introduces the reaction of the Philistines to Samson's presence. The Hebrew root for "saw" is "ra'ah," which often implies more than just physical sight; it can suggest perception or understanding. In the context of Judges, the Philistines' perception of Samson is crucial, as they see him not just as a guest but as a potential threat due to his reputation and strength. Historically, the Philistines were a dominant force in the region, and their awareness of Samson's presence would have been significant, indicating the tension between the Israelites and the Philistines.

they brought thirty companions to be with him
The phrase "thirty companions" is significant in understanding the social customs of the time. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, weddings were communal events, and it was customary for the groom to have companions or attendants. The Hebrew word for "companions" is "merei'im," which can mean friends or associates. However, in this context, these companions were likely Philistine men assigned to watch over Samson, reflecting the underlying mistrust and the political tension between the Philistines and the Israelites. This arrangement sets the stage for the subsequent events in the narrative, highlighting the cultural and political dynamics at play.

Let me tell you a riddle
The phrase "Let me tell you a riddle" introduces a common form of entertainment in ancient times, where riddles were used not only for amusement but also as a test of wisdom and intelligence. The Hebrew word for "riddle" is "חִידָה" (chidah), which can also mean an enigmatic saying or a perplexing question. In the context of Samson's life, this riddle is more than a mere game; it is a reflection of his complex character and the divine purpose that often worked through his actions, even when they seemed trivial or self-serving.

Samson said to them
Samson, whose name in Hebrew, "שִׁמְשׁוֹן" (Shimshon), means "like the sun," is a judge of Israel known for his extraordinary strength. His life is marked by a series of personal and national conflicts, and his actions often serve as a microcosm of Israel's struggles with faithfulness to God. Here, Samson's interaction with the Philistines, the oppressors of Israel, sets the stage for a confrontation that is both personal and symbolic of the larger conflict between the Israelites and their enemies.

If you can give me the answer
This phrase sets the terms of the challenge, emphasizing the conditional nature of the riddle. The Hebrew root for "answer" is "נָגַד" (nagad), which means to declare or make known. The challenge is not just about solving a puzzle but about revealing hidden truths. In a spiritual sense, it reflects the deeper truths of God's plans that are often hidden from human understanding and require divine revelation.

within the seven days of the feast
The "seven days of the feast" refers to the traditional wedding feast, which lasted a week. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, reflecting the fullness of time given to solve the riddle. This period also underscores the cultural and religious practices of the time, where feasts were significant social and communal events. The feast, in this context, is a backdrop for the unfolding drama between Samson and the Philistines.

I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes
The promise of "thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes" is significant both materially and symbolically. Linen garments were valuable, often associated with wealth and status. The Hebrew word for "linen" is "סָדִין" (sadin), indicating fine linen, while "sets of clothes" suggests complete outfits, which were costly. This wager highlights the stakes of the riddle, reflecting the economic and social dynamics of the time. Spiritually, it can be seen as a metaphor for the exchange of understanding and the cost of revelation, where the pursuit of truth and wisdom often requires sacrifice and risk.

But if you cannot solve it
This phrase introduces a challenge, highlighting the cultural significance of riddles and intellectual contests in ancient times. The Hebrew root for "solve" is "yakar," which implies understanding or comprehending something difficult. In the context of Samson's story, this challenge is not just a test of wit but also a reflection of the divine wisdom and strength that God bestowed upon him. It sets the stage for the unfolding of God's plan through seemingly ordinary events.

you must give me
The demand for a reward or penalty in the context of a riddle contest reflects the customs of the time, where wagers were common in social interactions. This phrase underscores the seriousness of the challenge and the expectation of fairness and reciprocity. It also foreshadows the tension and conflict that will arise from this agreement, as it becomes a pivotal moment in the narrative.

thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes
The mention of "linen garments" and "sets of clothes" indicates the value and significance of clothing in ancient Near Eastern culture. Linen was a luxury item, often associated with wealth and status. The Hebrew word for "linen" is "bad," which denotes fine, high-quality fabric. This demand highlights the stakes of the riddle and the potential loss for those who fail to solve it. It also reflects the material wealth and social status that Samson's Philistine companions possessed.

Tell us your riddle
This phrase shows the eagerness and confidence of Samson's companions to engage in the intellectual challenge. The Hebrew word for "riddle" is "chidah," which can also mean an enigma or a perplexing question. Riddles were a form of entertainment and a way to demonstrate wisdom and cleverness. This request sets the stage for the unfolding drama and the revelation of God's sovereignty through Samson's actions.

they replied
The response of Samson's companions indicates their willingness to participate in the challenge, reflecting the social dynamics and interactions of the time. It also shows their underestimation of Samson's cunning and the divine influence behind his actions. This moment of agreement is crucial, as it leads to the subsequent events that fulfill God's purposes for Samson and Israel.

Let us hear it
This phrase conveys anticipation and curiosity, as the companions are eager to hear the riddle. It reflects the human desire for knowledge and understanding, as well as the competitive spirit that drives individuals to prove their intellect. In the broader narrative, this moment serves as a catalyst for the unfolding of God's plan, as the riddle becomes a means through which God demonstrates His power and wisdom through Samson.

Out of the eater
This phrase refers to the lion that Samson had previously killed. In Hebrew, the word for "eater" is "אֹכֵל" (okhel), which denotes one who consumes or devours. The lion, a symbol of strength and ferocity, is typically seen as a predator, consuming other creatures. In a broader biblical context, lions often symbolize danger or enemies (1 Peter 5:8). Here, the "eater" represents a formidable challenge or threat that Samson overcame through divine empowerment.

came something to eat
The unexpected outcome of the lion's carcass producing honey is a profound metaphor for God's ability to bring sustenance and blessing from unlikely sources. The Hebrew word for "eat" is "מַאֲכָל" (ma'akal), which signifies nourishment or provision. This reflects the biblical theme that God can transform situations of death or destruction into sources of life and sustenance, as seen in the manna provided in the wilderness (Exodus 16).

and out of the strong
The term "strong" in Hebrew is "עָז" (az), which conveys might or power. The lion, as the epitome of strength, represents challenges or adversities that seem insurmountable. This phrase underscores the biblical principle that God's strength is made perfect in weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9), and that He can use even the strongest adversities to fulfill His purposes.

came something sweet
The sweetness of the honey found in the lion's carcass is emblematic of the unexpected blessings and joys that can emerge from trials. The Hebrew word for "sweet" is "מָתוֹק" (matok), which implies pleasantness or delight. This reflects the scriptural truth that God can turn mourning into joy (Psalm 30:11) and that He works all things together for good for those who love Him (Romans 8:28).

So on the fourth day
The phrase "on the fourth day" indicates a specific time frame within the seven-day wedding feast, a customary celebration in ancient Israelite culture. The number four in biblical numerology often symbolizes completeness or universality. This timing suggests a culmination of tension and impatience among the Philistine guests, who were unable to solve Samson's riddle. Historically, the wedding feast was a time of joy and celebration, but here it becomes a setting for conflict and manipulation.

they said to Samson’s wife
The Philistines addressing Samson's wife highlights the cultural and social dynamics of the time. Women often held a position where they could be easily manipulated or coerced, reflecting the patriarchal society of ancient Israel. Samson's wife, a Philistine, is caught between her loyalty to her people and her new husband. This phrase underscores the tension between the Israelites and the Philistines, as well as the personal conflict faced by Samson's wife.

Entice your husband
The word "entice" suggests seduction or persuasion, often with a negative connotation. In Hebrew, the root word can imply deception or leading someone astray. This reflects the moral and ethical challenges present in the narrative, as Samson's wife is pressured to betray her husband. The use of this word highlights the theme of manipulation and deceit that runs throughout the account of Samson.

to explain the riddle to us
The riddle posed by Samson is central to the narrative, symbolizing the mystery and strength of Samson himself. In ancient cultures, riddles were a form of entertainment and intellectual challenge, but here it becomes a source of conflict. The demand for an explanation reveals the Philistines' desperation and their inability to match Samson's wit, further emphasizing the cultural and spiritual divide between the Israelites and the Philistines.

or we will burn you and your father’s household to death
This threat of violence reveals the brutal and oppressive nature of the Philistines. Fire, often a symbol of judgment and destruction in the Bible, underscores the severity of the threat. Historically, such acts of violence were not uncommon in ancient times, reflecting the harsh realities of life in the ancient Near East. This phrase highlights the stakes involved and the lengths to which the Philistines are willing to go to maintain their pride and avoid humiliation.

Did you invite us here to rob us?
The accusation of being "robbed" suggests a perceived betrayal and loss of honor. In the context of the wedding feast, the guests feel deceived by the unsolvable riddle, which they see as a trick to take their possessions. This reflects the cultural importance of honor and reputation in ancient societies. The rhetorical question implies a breach of hospitality and trust, further intensifying the conflict between Samson and the Philistines.

Then Samson’s wife came to him, weeping
The phrase "Then Samson’s wife came to him, weeping" sets the emotional tone of the narrative. The Hebrew root for "weeping" is "בָּכָה" (bakah), which conveys a deep, heartfelt lamentation. This emotional display is significant in the cultural context of the time, as it reflects the societal expectations of women to express vulnerability and emotion. The act of weeping here is a strategic move by Samson's wife to elicit a response from Samson, highlighting the relational dynamics and the tension between personal loyalty and cultural allegiance.

You hate me; you do not love me!
This accusation, "You hate me; you do not love me!" is a powerful expression of emotional manipulation. The Hebrew words for "hate" (שָׂנֵא, sane) and "love" (אָהַב, ahab) are often used in the Old Testament to describe covenantal relationships. In this context, Samson's wife is challenging the integrity of their marital bond, using the language of love and hate to question Samson's commitment. This reflects the broader biblical theme of love as an action and commitment, rather than mere emotion.

You have told my people a riddle, but you have not explained it to me
The phrase "You have told my people a riddle, but you have not explained it to me" underscores the cultural and familial tensions present in the narrative. The term "riddle" (חִידָה, chidah) in Hebrew suggests a complex, enigmatic saying meant to challenge the listener. In ancient Near Eastern culture, riddles were a form of intellectual engagement and social interaction. By withholding the explanation, Samson maintains power and control, creating a divide between his wife and her people, the Philistines, and himself.

Look, he said, I have not even explained it to my father or mother
Samson's response, "Look, he said, I have not even explained it to my father or mother," highlights the importance of familial hierarchy and loyalty in ancient Israelite society. The mention of "father or mother" signifies the primary familial bonds that were expected to take precedence over all others. Samson's statement suggests that his loyalty to his parents supersedes even that to his wife, reflecting the patriarchal structure of the time and the prioritization of blood relations.

so why should I explain it to you?
The rhetorical question "so why should I explain it to you?" serves to reinforce Samson's position of authority and autonomy. It implies a hierarchy of trust and intimacy, where his wife is placed outside the inner circle of his confidence. This question not only highlights the tension in their relationship but also foreshadows the eventual betrayal and conflict that arise from this lack of communication and trust. In the broader biblical narrative, it serves as a reminder of the consequences of broken relationships and the importance of transparency and trust within covenantal bonds.

She wept before him the whole seven days of the feast
This phrase highlights the emotional and persistent nature of Samson's wife during the wedding feast. The Hebrew root for "wept" is "בָּכָה" (bakah), which conveys a deep, sorrowful crying. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, such displays of emotion were not uncommon, especially in situations involving family and honor. The "seven days of the feast" refers to the traditional length of a wedding celebration, a time meant for joy and festivity. However, the persistent weeping indicates a significant tension and conflict, foreshadowing the unraveling of Samson's marriage and the subsequent events.

and on the seventh day he told her
The "seventh day" is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing completion or perfection. Here, it marks the culmination of Samson's resistance to revealing his riddle. The pressure exerted by his wife's emotional appeals finally breaks his resolve. This moment reflects a recurring theme in Samson's life: his vulnerability to emotional manipulation, which often leads to his downfall. The act of telling her the riddle signifies a breach of trust and foreshadows the betrayal that will follow.

because she pressed him so hard
The phrase "pressed him so hard" suggests intense pressure and persistence. The Hebrew root "צָרַר" (tsarar) can imply distress or being bound, indicating that Samson felt trapped by his wife's insistence. This dynamic illustrates the power of persistent persuasion and emotional influence, a theme that resonates throughout Samson's narrative. It also serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of yielding to pressure against one's better judgment.

She in turn explained the riddle to her people
This final phrase reveals the betrayal of Samson by his wife. The act of explaining the riddle to "her people" underscores the divided loyalties in Samson's marriage. Her allegiance to her own people over her husband highlights the cultural and familial tensions present in intermarriages of the time. This betrayal sets off a chain of events leading to conflict and violence, illustrating the destructive potential of broken trust and divided loyalties. The narrative serves as a reminder of the importance of faithfulness and the dangers of compromising one's commitments.

Before sunset on the seventh day
This phrase indicates the urgency and the time constraint under which the men of the city were operating. The seventh day is significant in biblical terms, often representing completion or perfection, as seen in the creation narrative in Genesis. The timing "before sunset" suggests a last-minute revelation, emphasizing the tension and drama of the moment. In the Hebrew context, days are marked from sunset to sunset, highlighting the cultural understanding of time.

the men of the city
These were the Philistines, the inhabitants of Timnah, where Samson had gone to marry a Philistine woman. Historically, the Philistines were one of the Sea Peoples who settled in the coastal regions of Canaan. They were often in conflict with the Israelites, and this interaction with Samson is one of many instances of tension between the two groups. The "men of the city" represent the collective opposition to Samson, a judge of Israel.

said to him
This phrase indicates direct communication and confrontation. The men of the city are addressing Samson, showing their confidence in having solved his riddle. In the narrative, this moment is pivotal as it reveals the betrayal and manipulation that Samson experiences, setting the stage for his subsequent actions.

What is sweeter than honey?
Honey in the ancient Near East was a symbol of abundance and delight. It was one of the few sweeteners available and is often used metaphorically in Scripture to describe the richness of God's word (Psalm 19:10). The rhetorical question posed by the Philistines is a direct reference to the riddle Samson had given them, which involved the sweetness of honey found in the carcass of a lion.

And what is stronger than a lion?
The lion is a symbol of strength and power throughout the Bible. In the context of Samson's riddle, it refers to the lion he had killed with his bare hands, an act that demonstrated his God-given strength. The Philistines' use of this phrase shows their understanding of the riddle's answer, but also their recognition of Samson's formidable strength, which they had to undermine through deceit.

And he said to them
Samson's response is direct and accusatory. This phrase sets up his retort, which reveals his awareness of their treachery. It is a moment of realization and confrontation, where Samson acknowledges the betrayal by his wife and the men of the city.

If you had not plowed with my heifer
This metaphorical expression is rich in cultural and agricultural imagery. In ancient times, a heifer was a young cow that had not been yoked for plowing, symbolizing innocence and purity. Samson's use of this phrase implies that the Philistines had used his wife to extract the answer to the riddle, violating the trust and sanctity of his marriage. The imagery of "plowing" suggests manipulation and exploitation.

you would not have solved my riddle
The riddle was a test of wit and strength, and Samson's statement underscores the unfair advantage the Philistines gained through deceit. In the broader biblical narrative, this moment foreshadows the ongoing conflict between Samson and the Philistines, highlighting themes of betrayal, strength, and divine justice. Samson's acknowledgment of their deceit sets the stage for his subsequent actions, driven by a sense of personal and divine retribution.

Then the Spirit of the LORD came powerfully upon him
This phrase signifies a divine empowerment that is characteristic of the judges in Israel. The Hebrew word for "Spirit" is "Ruach," which can mean breath, wind, or spirit, indicating a force that is both life-giving and dynamic. The phrase "came powerfully upon him" suggests an overwhelming influence, a divine intervention that enables Samson to perform feats beyond human capability. This empowerment is not a permanent indwelling but a temporary endowment for a specific purpose, reflecting the Old Testament pattern of the Spirit's work.

and he went down to Ashkelon
Ashkelon was one of the five major Philistine cities, located on the coastal plain of what is now modern-day Israel. Archaeological findings reveal it as a significant urban center during the time of the Judges. Samson's journey to Ashkelon is both geographical and symbolic, representing a confrontation with the Philistine oppressors. The act of going "down" may also imply a descent into enemy territory, highlighting the boldness and audacity of Samson's actions under divine influence.

struck down thirty of their men
The act of striking down thirty men is a demonstration of Samson's physical strength, which is a recurring theme in his narrative. The Hebrew verb used here, "nakah," often implies a decisive and forceful action. This act of violence is not merely personal vengeance but is seen within the context of Israel's struggle against Philistine domination. It serves as a reminder of the ongoing conflict between God's chosen people and their oppressors.

took their apparel
In ancient times, clothing was a valuable commodity, often used as a form of wealth or barter. By taking the apparel of the slain men, Samson is not only fulfilling his obligation to provide garments for those who solved his riddle but is also symbolically stripping the Philistines of their dignity and status. This act can be seen as a form of divine retribution, where the oppressors are humiliated and their resources are appropriated for God's purposes.

and gave the changes of clothes to those who had explained the riddle
This phrase highlights the fulfillment of a vow or promise, even under duress. Samson's adherence to his word, despite the circumstances, reflects a complex character who is bound by his commitments. The "changes of clothes" are a tangible representation of the wager he made, and their delivery signifies the completion of a transaction, albeit one that was manipulated by deceit.

Burning with anger
The phrase "burning with anger" captures the intense emotional state of Samson. The Hebrew word "charah" conveys a sense of heat or burning, indicating a deep-seated rage. This anger is not only personal but also reflects the broader tension between Israel and the Philistines. It serves as a catalyst for Samson's subsequent actions and decisions, driving the narrative forward in the unfolding drama of his life.

he returned to his father’s house
Returning to his father's house signifies a retreat from the immediate conflict and a return to familial roots. It suggests a moment of reflection and regrouping after the intense events in Ashkelon. This return can also be seen as a temporary withdrawal from the public sphere into the private, familial domain, where Samson can reassess his mission and purpose. It underscores the cyclical nature of his journey, moving between confrontation and retreat, action and reflection.

And Samson’s wife
This phrase introduces a pivotal character in Samson's narrative. In the Hebrew context, marriage was a covenantal relationship, deeply significant and binding. Samson's wife, a Philistine woman, represents a union that was controversial and against the traditional Israelite customs, which discouraged intermarriage with pagan nations. This marriage symbolizes the tension between Israel and the Philistines and foreshadows the personal and national conflicts that arise from such unions.

was given
The phrase "was given" indicates a transfer of possession or responsibility, often seen in ancient Near Eastern cultures where women were considered part of familial property. This action reflects the patriarchal society of the time, where women had limited agency. The passive construction suggests that Samson's wife had little say in the matter, highlighting the cultural norms and the lack of autonomy for women in that era.

to one of the men
This phrase suggests a specific, yet unnamed individual among Samson's companions. The anonymity of the man underscores the betrayal and the impersonal nature of the transaction. Historically, this reflects the practice of levirate-like arrangements or the reassignment of a woman to another man within the community, which was not uncommon in ancient societies to ensure social stability and continuity.

who had accompanied him
The men who accompanied Samson were likely Philistines, as the context of the narrative places Samson in Philistine territory. This phrase highlights the betrayal and the breakdown of trust, as these were men who had been part of Samson's wedding celebration. The historical context reveals the fragile alliances and the deep-seated enmity between the Israelites and the Philistines, which often led to such personal and communal betrayals.