After some time
This phrase sets the stage for the events that follow, indicating a passage of time since the previous events in Judges 14. In the Hebrew text, the phrase is "מִיָּמִים" (miyamim), which can be translated as "after days" or "after some time." This suggests a period of reflection or cooling off, which is significant in the context of Samson's tumultuous relationship with the Philistines and his wife. Historically, this period could have allowed tensions to simmer, setting the stage for the dramatic events that follow.

in the time of the wheat harvest
The timing of the wheat harvest is significant both agriculturally and symbolically. The wheat harvest typically occurs in late spring or early summer in the ancient Near East, a time of celebration and abundance. This context adds a layer of irony to the narrative, as the time of harvest, usually associated with joy and provision, becomes a backdrop for conflict and destruction. Theologically, it underscores the theme of God's providence and timing, as He orchestrates events according to His divine plan.

Samson went to visit his wife
Samson's decision to visit his wife reflects his ongoing attachment and sense of obligation, despite previous conflicts. The Hebrew verb "לִפְקֹד" (lifqod) can mean "to visit" or "to attend to," suggesting a sense of duty or responsibility. This visit is not merely social; it carries the weight of marital commitment and the complexities of Samson's relationship with the Philistines. It highlights the personal and relational dimensions of Samson's story, which are intertwined with his divine mission.

bringing a young goat
The young goat is a culturally significant gift, symbolizing peace and goodwill. In ancient Near Eastern customs, such a gift would be a gesture of reconciliation or goodwill, perhaps intended to mend the strained relationship with his wife and her family. Theologically, this act can be seen as an attempt to restore harmony, reflecting the broader biblical theme of reconciliation. However, the narrative will reveal the futility of human efforts without divine intervention.

I want to go to my wife in her room
Samson's statement reveals his intention to resume marital relations, indicating a desire for intimacy and normalcy. The phrase "in her room" suggests privacy and personal connection, emphasizing the personal stakes in the unfolding drama. This desire for intimacy is thwarted by external circumstances, illustrating the tension between personal desires and divine purposes. It serves as a reminder of the complexities of human relationships and the need for divine guidance.

But her father would not let him enter
The father's refusal marks a turning point in the narrative, introducing conflict and setting the stage for subsequent events. This act of denial is significant, as it reflects cultural norms and familial authority in ancient Israelite society. Theologically, it underscores the theme of human opposition to divine plans, as Samson's personal intentions are thwarted by familial and cultural barriers. This refusal becomes a catalyst for the dramatic actions that follow, illustrating the interplay between human agency and divine sovereignty.

I was sure you thoroughly hated her
This phrase reflects the father of Samson's wife speaking to Samson. The Hebrew root for "sure" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a strong conviction or assumption. The father assumed Samson's feelings without direct communication, highlighting a breakdown in relationships and the dangers of assumptions. This reflects a broader biblical theme of misunderstanding and miscommunication leading to conflict, as seen throughout the Judges narrative.

he said
The phrase "he said" (וַיֹּאמֶר, vayomer) is a common Hebrew narrative device, indicating direct speech. It emphasizes the personal nature of the communication and the importance of dialogue in resolving or escalating conflicts. In the context of Judges, it often introduces pivotal moments where human decisions intersect with divine plans.

so I gave her to your companion
The act of giving Samson's wife to his companion (רֵעֶה, re'eh) underscores the cultural practices of marriage and property rights in ancient Israel. Women were often treated as property, and this action reflects the patriarchal society of the time. It also sets the stage for Samson's subsequent actions, illustrating how personal grievances can lead to larger conflicts.

Is not her younger sister more beautiful than she?
This rhetorical question highlights the cultural emphasis on physical beauty and the practice of offering a younger sister in marriage, which was not uncommon in ancient times. The comparison between sisters (יָפָה, yaphah) underscores societal values and the objectification of women, which is a recurring issue in the narrative of Judges.

Please take her instead
The plea "please take her" (קַח־נָא, qach-na) is an attempt at reconciliation, albeit through means that reflect the cultural norms of the time. The father's offer is pragmatic, aiming to appease Samson and avoid further conflict. This reflects the human tendency to seek peace through compromise, even when it involves morally questionable decisions.

Samson said to them
The phrase introduces Samson, a judge of Israel, known for his extraordinary strength and complex character. The Hebrew root for "said" is אָמַר (amar), which often implies a declaration or proclamation. This moment is pivotal as it marks a turning point in Samson's interactions with the Philistines. Historically, Samson's life is set during a time when the Philistines were oppressing Israel, and his actions are seen as part of God's deliverance plan for His people.

This time
The phrase "this time" indicates a shift in Samson's approach. Previously, his actions might have been seen as personal vendettas, but now he frames his forthcoming actions as justified. The Hebrew word for "time" is פַּעַם (pa'am), which can also mean "instance" or "occurrence," suggesting a specific, significant moment in his ongoing conflict with the Philistines.

I will be blameless
Here, Samson asserts his innocence or righteousness in the context of his actions against the Philistines. The Hebrew word for "blameless" is נָקִי (naqi), meaning clean or free from guilt. This reflects a moral or ethical justification, suggesting that Samson sees his actions as aligned with divine justice rather than personal revenge.

in doing harm
The phrase "in doing harm" refers to the retribution Samson plans to exact on the Philistines. The Hebrew root for "harm" is רָעַע (ra'a), which can mean to break, shatter, or do evil. In this context, it implies a calculated response to the wrongs he has suffered, particularly the betrayal by his Philistine wife and her people.

to the Philistines
The Philistines were a significant adversarial group to the Israelites during the time of the Judges. Archaeological evidence and historical records describe them as a seafaring people who settled in the coastal regions of Canaan. They were known for their military prowess and advanced iron technology. In the biblical narrative, they represent the oppressive forces against which God raises judges like Samson to deliver Israel.

Then Samson went out
The phrase indicates a decisive action taken by Samson, a judge of Israel known for his extraordinary strength. The Hebrew root for "went out" (יָצָא, yatsa) often implies a purposeful departure, suggesting Samson's intent to execute a plan. Historically, this action follows a personal affront by the Philistines, highlighting the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Philistines during this period.

and caught three hundred foxes
The Hebrew word for "foxes" (שׁוּעָלִים, shu'alim) can also be translated as "jackals," which were more common in the region. The number "three hundred" signifies a substantial effort and reflects Samson's resourcefulness and determination. This act of catching such a large number of animals underscores the miraculous nature of Samson's strength and cunning, as well as the divine empowerment he received to deliver Israel from its oppressors.

He took torches
The use of "torches" (לַפִּידִים, lappidim) is significant in the context of ancient warfare and sabotage. Torches were often used in military strategies to cause destruction. Samson's choice of torches indicates a strategic plan to inflict economic damage on the Philistines by targeting their grain fields, which were vital for their sustenance and economy.

turned the foxes tail to tail
This phrase describes a unique and ingenious method employed by Samson. By tying the animals tail to tail, Samson ensured that their movements would be erratic and uncontrollable, maximizing the destruction they would cause. This tactic reflects Samson's cleverness and his ability to use available resources to achieve his objectives.

and fastened a torch between each pair of tails
The act of fastening a torch between each pair of tails ensured that the fire would spread as the animals ran through the fields. This method of destruction was both symbolic and practical. Symbolically, it represented the chaos and judgment that would come upon the Philistines. Practically, it was an effective way to destroy their crops, which would have been ripe for harvest, thus crippling their food supply and economy.

Then he lit the torches
This phrase marks the beginning of Samson's act of retribution against the Philistines. The Hebrew word for "lit" (יַּבְעֵר) suggests an intentional and deliberate action. Samson's lighting of the torches symbolizes the spark of divine justice and judgment. In a broader biblical context, fire often represents God's presence and purification (e.g., Exodus 3:2, Malachi 3:2-3). Here, it signifies the beginning of a divinely orchestrated plan to weaken the Philistines, who were oppressing Israel.

and released the foxes
The Hebrew term for "foxes" (שׁוּעָלִים) can also be translated as "jackals." This act of releasing the animals is strategic and symbolic. Foxes or jackals, known for their cunning and destructiveness, represent the chaos and disorder that Samson unleashes upon the Philistines. This imagery aligns with the biblical theme of God using the weak or unexpected to confound the strong (1 Corinthians 1:27).

into the standing grain of the Philistines
The "standing grain" refers to the crops that were ready for harvest. In ancient agrarian societies, such as that of the Philistines, the destruction of crops was a severe blow, both economically and symbolically. The Philistines' reliance on their harvests for sustenance and trade is disrupted, illustrating how God can dismantle human security and pride. This act serves as a reminder of the vulnerability of earthly resources and the ultimate sovereignty of God over all nations.

burning up the shocks and standing grain
The "shocks" are bundles of harvested grain, while the "standing grain" refers to crops still in the field. The comprehensive destruction of both harvested and unharvested grain signifies total devastation. This mirrors the biblical principle that God’s judgment is thorough and complete. The fire consuming the grain can be seen as a metaphor for divine retribution against sin and oppression, echoing the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:24-25).

along with the vineyards and olive groves
Vineyards and olive groves were vital to the Philistine economy, providing wine and oil, essential commodities in ancient times. The destruction of these resources not only impacts the immediate food supply but also the long-term economic stability of the Philistines. This act of judgment highlights the futility of relying on material wealth and the importance of seeking spiritual riches. In a broader biblical context, vineyards and olive groves often symbolize peace and prosperity (Micah 4:4), which are now stripped away from the Philistines as a consequence of their actions against God's people.

Who did this?
This phrase reflects the Philistines' immediate reaction to the destruction of their crops, which Samson had set on fire. The Philistines, a seafaring people known for their conflicts with Israel, were quick to seek the source of their misfortune. The question underscores the tension and hostility between the Philistines and the Israelites during this period. Historically, the Philistines were a dominant force in the region, often oppressing the Israelites, which sets the stage for the cycle of vengeance seen in the narrative.

the Philistines demanded
The Philistines' demand for answers indicates their authority and control over the region at the time. The Hebrew root for "demanded" suggests a forceful inquiry, reflecting their aggressive nature. This demand also highlights the Philistines' reliance on retribution as a means of maintaining power and control, a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures.

It was Samson, the son-in-law of the Timnite
Samson, a judge of Israel, is identified here as the perpetrator. His designation as "the son-in-law of the Timnite" ties him to the Philistine community through marriage, illustrating the complex personal and political relationships of the time. The mention of the "Timnite" refers to a man from Timnah, a Philistine city, indicating the intermingling of Israelite and Philistine lives despite their enmity. This relationship becomes a catalyst for the ensuing conflict.

they were told
This passive construction suggests that the information was relayed to the Philistines, possibly by someone within their own ranks or an Israelite informant. It reflects the communication networks of the time and the spread of information, which often fueled conflicts. The phrase also implies a sense of inevitability, as the Philistines are now armed with the knowledge needed to exact revenge.

For his wife was given to his companion
This phrase reveals the personal betrayal that motivated Samson's actions. His wife being given to another man, likely a friend or associate, was a grave insult and breach of trust. In the cultural context, marriage alliances were significant, and such a betrayal would have been seen as a deep personal and social affront. This act of giving Samson's wife to another man underscores the lack of respect the Philistines had for Samson, further inflaming tensions.

So the Philistines went up and burned her and her father to death
The Philistines' response is brutal and swift, reflecting the harsh realities of ancient justice and retribution. The act of burning is significant, as fire was often used in the ancient world as a means of punishment and purification. This violent retribution highlights the cycle of vengeance that characterizes much of the narrative in Judges. It also serves as a grim reminder of the consequences of personal and political conflicts, illustrating the destructive nature of sin and the need for divine intervention and justice.

And Samson said to them
This phrase introduces us to the central figure of this narrative, Samson, a judge of Israel. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used to denote a declaration or proclamation. Samson's words are significant, as they often reflect his impulsive nature and divine calling. Historically, Samson is a Nazirite, set apart for God's purpose, and his life is a series of confrontations with the Philistines, Israel's oppressors at the time.

As you have done this
Here, Samson refers to a specific action taken by the Philistines. The context is crucial; the Philistines had wronged Samson by giving his wife to another man. The phrase underscores the principle of retribution, a common theme in the Old Testament. The historical context reveals a period of tension and conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines, with Samson often acting as a catalyst for these confrontations.

I will surely take revenge on you
The Hebrew word for "revenge" is "נָקַם" (naqam), which conveys the idea of avenging or retaliating. Samson's vow to take revenge is consistent with the lex talionis, the law of retaliation, which was a prevalent justice system in ancient times. This reflects the human desire for justice and the divine allowance for Samson to act as an instrument of judgment against the Philistines.

and after that I will quit
The phrase "I will quit" suggests a cessation of hostilities after achieving retribution. The Hebrew root "חָדַל" (chadal) implies stopping or ceasing. This indicates Samson's intention to end his personal vendetta once justice is served. It highlights the temporary nature of his wrath and the possibility of peace following justice. In a broader scriptural context, it points to the ultimate peace that comes from divine justice and reconciliation.

And he struck them down
This phrase indicates a decisive and forceful action taken by Samson against the Philistines. The Hebrew root word for "struck" is "נָכָה" (nakah), which often implies a severe blow or defeat. Historically, this reflects the ongoing conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines, where God used Samson as a judge to deliver His people. Samson's actions, though violent, were part of God's plan to weaken the Philistine oppression over Israel.

with a great slaughter
The term "great slaughter" emphasizes the magnitude of Samson's victory. The Hebrew word for "slaughter" is "מַכָּה" (makkah), which can mean a plague or a severe blow, indicating the extent of the defeat inflicted upon the Philistines. This event showcases the extraordinary strength given to Samson by God, serving as a reminder of divine intervention in the affairs of Israel. It also highlights the seriousness of the conflict and the lengths to which God would go to protect His chosen people.

and he went down
The phrase "went down" suggests a movement from a place of confrontation to a place of refuge. In the biblical narrative, this often signifies a transition from public action to private reflection or safety. Samson's retreat after the battle indicates a need for rest and perhaps a strategic withdrawal to avoid immediate retaliation from the Philistines.

and stayed in the cave
The word "stayed" implies a temporary dwelling or hiding. The Hebrew root "יָשַׁב" (yashab) means to sit, dwell, or remain. Caves in ancient times were often used as places of refuge or hiding, providing natural protection. This setting underscores Samson's isolation and the solitary nature of his mission. It also reflects a period of waiting and preparation for what God would have him do next.

at the rock of Etam
The "rock of Etam" is a specific geographical location, likely a stronghold or a place of strategic importance. The name "Etam" means "lair of wild beasts," suggesting a rugged and remote area. This location provided Samson with a defensible position and a place to regroup. In a broader spiritual sense, the rock symbolizes strength and stability, pointing to God as the ultimate refuge and fortress for His people. The choice of this location highlights the theme of God providing safety and security amidst trials and adversities.

Then the Philistines went up
The Philistines were a significant and persistent adversary of Israel throughout the period of the Judges. The phrase "went up" indicates a movement from the coastal plains, where the Philistines were settled, to the hill country of Judah. This movement is not just geographical but also symbolic of the Philistines' aggressive intent to dominate and subdue the Israelites. Historically, the Philistines were known for their military prowess and advanced weaponry, which often posed a formidable challenge to the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "went up" (עָלָה, 'alah) often implies an ascent, which can also suggest a rise in hostility or tension.

camped in Judah
The act of camping in Judah signifies a strategic military encampment, indicating that the Philistines were preparing for a confrontation. Judah, being one of the tribes of Israel, represents the heartland of the Israelite territory. The Philistines' presence in Judah is a direct threat to the security and sovereignty of the Israelites. This encampment is not merely a temporary stop but a calculated move to exert pressure and possibly to provoke a response from the Israelites. The historical context reveals that such incursions were common as the Philistines sought to expand their influence and control over the region.

and deployed themselves
The deployment of troops suggests a well-organized and deliberate military strategy. The Philistines were known for their structured military formations, which were often superior to the more tribal and less organized Israelite forces. The Hebrew word used here (נָטַשׁ, natash) can also mean to spread out or to arrange, indicating a readiness for battle. This deployment is a show of strength and an intimidation tactic, designed to instill fear and assert dominance over the Israelites.

against Lehi
Lehi, which means "jawbone" in Hebrew, is significant in the narrative of Samson. It is the location where Samson would later achieve a great victory over the Philistines using the jawbone of a donkey. The mention of Lehi here foreshadows the upcoming divine intervention and deliverance that God would provide through Samson. Archaeologically, the exact location of Lehi is uncertain, but it is believed to be in the region of Judah, further emphasizing the Philistine threat deep within Israelite territory. Theologically, Lehi represents a place of conflict but also of miraculous deliverance, highlighting God's sovereignty and power to save His people against overwhelming odds.

The men of Judah asked
This phrase introduces the men of Judah, who are part of the tribe of Judah, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Historically, Judah was a significant tribe, often associated with leadership and strength. The men of Judah here are portrayed as seeking understanding and peace, reflecting a desire to avoid conflict. This reflects the broader biblical theme of seeking wisdom and understanding before taking action, as seen in Proverbs 4:7, "Wisdom is supreme; therefore get wisdom."

Why have you attacked us?
This question reveals the confusion and fear among the men of Judah. The Hebrew root for "attacked" (פָּשַׁט, pashat) can also mean to strip or raid, indicating a sudden and aggressive action. The men of Judah are seeking clarity, which is a common biblical principle—seeking truth and understanding in the face of adversity. This reflects the human tendency to question and seek reasons for suffering or conflict, a theme prevalent throughout the Psalms.

They replied
The response comes from the Philistines, who were a constant threat to Israel during this period. The Philistines were a seafaring people, often at odds with the Israelites. This interaction highlights the ongoing tension and conflict between the Israelites and their neighbors, a recurring theme in the Old Testament that underscores the need for divine intervention and guidance.

We have come to arrest Samson
The Philistines' intent to arrest Samson indicates their recognition of his strength and the threat he posed. Samson, a judge of Israel, was known for his extraordinary strength, which was a gift from God. The Hebrew root for "arrest" (אָסַר, asar) means to bind or imprison, symbolizing the Philistines' desire to control and subdue what they could not understand or overpower. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of God's chosen leaders facing opposition and persecution.

and pay him back
This phrase reveals the Philistines' desire for vengeance, a common human response to being wronged. The concept of retribution is addressed throughout the Bible, with God often reminding His people that vengeance belongs to Him (Deuteronomy 32:35). This highlights the contrast between human justice and divine justice, encouraging believers to trust in God's ultimate plan and timing.

for what he has done to us
The Philistines' motivation is rooted in retaliation for Samson's previous actions against them. This reflects the cycle of violence and retribution that often characterizes human conflict. In the biblical context, it serves as a reminder of the consequences of sin and the importance of seeking reconciliation and peace. The narrative encourages believers to break the cycle of vengeance through forgiveness and trust in God's justice, as taught by Jesus in the New Testament (Matthew 5:38-39).

Then 3,000 men of Judah
The number "3,000" signifies a significant mobilization of the tribe of Judah, indicating the seriousness of the situation. Judah, being one of the leading tribes of Israel, often took initiative in matters of national concern. The large number suggests a collective fear of Philistine retaliation and a desire to confront Samson, who was seen as a catalyst for potential conflict. Historically, this reflects the period of the Judges, where Israel was often oppressed by surrounding nations due to their disobedience to God.

went down to the cave at the rock of Etam
The "cave at the rock of Etam" serves as a geographical marker, indicating a place of refuge or hiding for Samson. Caves were commonly used as shelters or strongholds in ancient times. The rock of Etam is significant as it symbolizes a place of strength and protection, yet also isolation. This setting underscores Samson's separation from his people and his role as a solitary judge and deliverer of Israel.

They said to Samson
The men of Judah approach Samson, indicating a direct confrontation. This interaction highlights the tension between Samson and his own people, who are caught between their fear of the Philistines and their recognition of Samson's God-given strength. It reflects the internal struggles within Israel during the time of the Judges, where unity was often lacking.

Do you not realize that the Philistines rule over us?
This question reveals the mindset of the Israelites at the time, who had become accustomed to Philistine domination. It shows a sense of resignation and acceptance of their subjugation, contrasting with God's desire for them to live in freedom and obedience. The Philistine rule was a consequence of Israel's repeated disobedience and idolatry, as recorded throughout the book of Judges.

What have you done to us?
The men of Judah express their concern over Samson's actions, fearing repercussions from the Philistines. This question underscores the fear and lack of faith among the Israelites, who are more concerned with maintaining a fragile peace than seeking deliverance through God's appointed judge. It highlights the spiritual and moral decline of Israel during this period.

'I have done to them what they did to me,' he replied
Samson's response reflects the principle of retributive justice, a common theme in the ancient Near East. His actions are portrayed as a direct response to the wrongs committed against him by the Philistines. This statement also reveals Samson's personal vendetta and the cycle of violence that characterized his judgeship. Despite his flaws, Samson is used by God to challenge the Philistine oppression, illustrating how God can work through imperfect individuals to achieve His purposes.

But they said to him
This phrase introduces the response of the men of Judah to Samson. The context here is crucial; the men of Judah are speaking to Samson, who is one of their own, yet they are in a position of fear and subjugation under the Philistines. Historically, this reflects a period when the Israelites were often oppressed by surrounding nations due to their disobedience to God. The phrase sets the stage for a dialogue that reveals the tension between Samson's divine calling and the people's fear.

We have come down to bind you
The men of Judah express their intention to bind Samson. The Hebrew root for "bind" (אָסַר, 'asar) often implies a physical restraint but can also symbolize spiritual or moral constraints. This reflects the tragic irony of the situation: God's chosen deliverer is being handed over by his own people. It highlights the lack of faith and courage among the Israelites, who are willing to compromise with their oppressors rather than trust in God's deliverance.

so that we may deliver you into the hands of the Philistines
The phrase "deliver you into the hands" is significant in biblical literature, often indicating a transfer of power or control. The men of Judah are acting out of fear, prioritizing their immediate safety over the long-term freedom that Samson could secure. This reflects a recurring theme in the Book of Judges, where the Israelites repeatedly fail to trust in God's provision and protection, opting instead for short-term solutions that lead to further bondage.

Samson said to them
Samson's response is crucial. Despite being betrayed by his own people, he remains calm and composed. This moment underscores Samson's role as a judge and deliverer, chosen by God despite his personal flaws. His willingness to engage with the men of Judah rather than retaliate immediately shows a level of restraint and understanding of his divine mission.

Swear to me that you will not kill me yourselves
Samson's request for an oath reveals his strategic thinking and understanding of the situation. By asking for this promise, he ensures that his own people will not be the ones to harm him, maintaining a semblance of unity among the Israelites. This request also reflects the importance of oaths in ancient Israelite culture, where a sworn promise held significant weight and was considered binding before God. Samson's demand for an oath highlights his awareness of the spiritual and communal implications of their actions.

As you say
This phrase indicates agreement and compliance with the request made by Samson. The Hebrew root here is "כַּאֲשֶׁר" (ka'asher), which means "as" or "according to." This reflects the Philistines' willingness to adhere to Samson's terms, showing a momentary submission to his conditions. Historically, this demonstrates the Philistines' recognition of Samson's strength and their desire to avoid direct conflict with him, highlighting the tension between the Israelites and the Philistines during this period.

they replied
The Philistines' response is crucial in understanding the dynamics of power and negotiation. The Hebrew verb "אָמַר" (amar) is used here, meaning "to say" or "to speak." This indicates a formal acknowledgment of Samson's terms. In the broader scriptural context, this dialogue reflects the ongoing struggle between the Israelites and their oppressors, with Samson as a divinely appointed judge and deliverer.

we will not kill you
This promise is significant in the narrative, as it shows the Philistines' intent to capture Samson without taking his life. The Hebrew word "מוּת" (muth) means "to die" or "to kill." This assurance might have been given to placate Samson and ensure his cooperation. It also underscores the Philistines' strategic approach, aiming to subdue Samson without inciting further violence or retaliation from the Israelites.

but we will tie you up
The act of binding Samson is symbolic of the Philistines' attempt to control and neutralize his threat. The Hebrew verb "אָסַר" (asar) means "to bind" or "to tie." This reflects their understanding of Samson's physical prowess and their belief that restraining him would render him powerless. This phrase also foreshadows the miraculous events that follow, where Samson's strength, given by God, overcomes human constraints.

and hand you over to them
The Philistines' plan to deliver Samson to their leaders illustrates their desire to maintain order and demonstrate their control over the situation. The Hebrew root "נָתַן" (natan) means "to give" or "to deliver." This act of handing over signifies a transfer of responsibility and power, intending to humiliate Samson and assert Philistine dominance. In the broader biblical narrative, this moment sets the stage for God's intervention and the demonstration of His power through Samson.

So they bound him with two new ropes
The use of "two new ropes" is significant, as it emphasizes the Philistines' determination to ensure Samson's captivity. The Hebrew word "חֶבֶל" (chevel) means "rope" or "cord." The detail of the ropes being "new" suggests an extra measure of security, as new ropes would be stronger and less likely to break. This detail highlights the Philistines' fear and respect for Samson's strength, as well as their ignorance of the divine empowerment that Samson possessed.

and led him up from the rock
This final phrase in the verse describes the Philistines' action of moving Samson from his place of refuge. The Hebrew verb "עָלָה" (alah) means "to go up" or "to ascend." The "rock" symbolizes a place of strength and protection, and leading Samson away from it signifies his temporary vulnerability. This movement away from the rock foreshadows the impending divine deliverance, as God uses Samson's circumstances to bring about His purposes and demonstrate His sovereignty over Israel's enemies.

As Samson approached Lehi
The name "Lehi" in Hebrew means "jawbone," which is significant given the events that unfold in this chapter. This location becomes a pivotal place in Samson's story, symbolizing both conflict and divine deliverance. Historically, Lehi is situated in the territory of Judah, a region often caught between the Philistine and Israelite tensions. Samson's approach to Lehi signifies his movement towards a divinely orchestrated confrontation, highlighting the theme of God using flawed individuals to achieve His purposes.

the Philistines came toward him shouting
The Philistines, a seafaring people known for their advanced military technology, were a constant threat to Israel during the time of the Judges. Their shouting as they approach Samson is indicative of their confidence and aggression. This moment captures the tension between the oppressors and the deliverer, setting the stage for a dramatic demonstration of God's power. The Philistines' shout can be seen as a challenge not just to Samson, but to the God of Israel whom he represents.

The Spirit of the LORD came powerfully upon him
This phrase is central to understanding Samson's feats. The Hebrew word for "Spirit" is "Ruach," which can mean breath, wind, or spirit, indicating a divine empowerment that goes beyond human capability. The Spirit of the LORD coming upon Samson is a recurring theme in his narrative, signifying that his strength is not his own but is granted by God for specific purposes. This divine empowerment underscores the biblical truth that God equips those He calls, often in unexpected and miraculous ways.

and the ropes on his arms became like charred flax
The imagery of ropes becoming "like charred flax" suggests a miraculous weakening of what binds Samson. Flax, when burned, becomes fragile and easily broken, symbolizing the futility of human constraints against divine intervention. This transformation of the ropes highlights the theme of liberation and deliverance, as God breaks the bonds of oppression. It serves as a metaphor for the spiritual freedom that God offers, breaking the chains of sin and bondage.

and the bindings dropped from his hands
The dropping of the bindings signifies complete liberation and the removal of obstacles that hinder God's purposes. In a broader spiritual context, this can be seen as a representation of how God removes the barriers in our lives that prevent us from fulfilling His will. The ease with which the bindings fall away emphasizes the power of God to deliver and the futility of human efforts to thwart His plans. This moment foreshadows the ultimate deliverance found in Christ, who frees us from the bondage of sin.

He found a fresh jawbone of a donkey
In this phrase, the word "found" suggests a divine providence in Samson's discovery of the jawbone. The Hebrew root for "found" is "matsa," which often implies an encounter that is orchestrated by God. The "fresh jawbone of a donkey" indicates that it was not brittle, but strong and suitable for use as a weapon. The donkey, an animal often associated with humility and service, becomes an instrument of God's power in Samson's hands. This highlights the theme that God can use the most unexpected means to achieve His purposes.

reached out his hand and took it
The action of "reached out his hand" signifies Samson's willingness to act in faith. The Hebrew verb "shalach" for "reached out" conveys a deliberate and decisive action. This phrase underscores the importance of human agency in cooperation with divine empowerment. Samson's taking of the jawbone is symbolic of accepting God's provision, even when it comes in an unusual form.

and struck down a thousand men
The phrase "struck down" comes from the Hebrew "nakah," which means to smite or kill. This demonstrates the extraordinary strength given to Samson by the Spirit of the Lord. The number "a thousand" is significant in biblical terms, often representing a large, complete, or perfect number. This miraculous victory serves as a testament to God's power working through Samson, despite his personal flaws. It also foreshadows the ultimate victory of God over His enemies, reminding believers of the spiritual battles they face and the assurance of victory through divine strength.

Then Samson said
This phrase introduces a direct speech from Samson, one of the most enigmatic and powerful judges of Israel. The Hebrew root for "said" is אָמַר (amar), which is often used to denote not just speaking, but declaring or proclaiming something significant. In the context of Judges, Samson's words often carry weight and reflect his role as a divinely appointed judge and deliverer of Israel. Historically, Samson's life is set during a time of Philistine oppression, and his actions are seen as part of God's plan to deliver Israel from their enemies.

With the jawbone of a donkey
The jawbone of a donkey is an unusual weapon, highlighting the unconventional means by which God delivers His people. The Hebrew word for "jawbone" is לְחִי (lechi), and its use here emphasizes the miraculous nature of Samson's victory. Archaeologically, donkey bones have been found in ancient Near Eastern sites, underscoring their commonality and the everyday nature of the object Samson used. This phrase reminds us that God can use the ordinary to accomplish the extraordinary.

I have slain a thousand men
This phrase underscores the magnitude of Samson's victory. The Hebrew word for "slain" is הִכָּה (hikkah), which means to strike or smite. The number "thousand" (אֶלֶף, eleph) is often used in the Bible to signify a large, complete number, indicating the totality of the victory. Historically, this event demonstrates the power of God working through Samson, despite his personal flaws, to deliver Israel from their enemies. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and ability to achieve His purposes through human agents.

With the jawbone of a donkey I have slain a thousand men
This repetition of the earlier phrase serves to emphasize the miraculous nature of the event. In Hebrew narrative, repetition is a literary device used to highlight important themes or events. Here, it underscores the divine empowerment of Samson and the fulfillment of God's promise to deliver Israel. The repetition also serves to inspire faith in God's ability to use unlikely means and people to accomplish His will, encouraging believers to trust in His providence and power.

When Samson had finished speaking
This phrase marks the conclusion of a significant moment of triumph for Samson. The Hebrew root for "finished speaking" (כַּלּוֹת) suggests completion and fulfillment. In the context of Judges, Samson's words often precede or follow acts of divine empowerment. His speech here likely reflects a declaration of victory or a prayer of thanksgiving, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging God's role in his achievements.

he cast the jawbone from his hand
The act of casting away the jawbone signifies a release or relinquishment of the instrument of victory. The Hebrew word for "cast" (שָׁלַךְ) can imply a forceful or deliberate action. This gesture may symbolize Samson's recognition that the victory was not by his own strength but by the Spirit of the Lord. The jawbone, a seemingly insignificant tool, becomes a symbol of God's power to use the humble and unexpected to achieve His purposes.

and he named that place Ramath-lehi
Naming places in the Bible often serves to commemorate significant events or divine encounters. "Ramath-lehi" translates to "the hill of the jawbone" or "Jawbone Hill." The act of naming the location underscores the importance of remembering God's deliverance. In the broader scriptural context, such names serve as lasting testimonies to God's faithfulness and intervention in the lives of His people. The Hebrew tradition of naming places after events ensures that future generations remember and learn from God's mighty acts.

And he was very thirsty
This phrase captures the intense physical need of Samson after his exertion in battle. The Hebrew word for "thirsty" (צָמֵא, tsame) conveys a deep craving for water, symbolizing human vulnerability and dependence on God for sustenance. In a spiritual sense, this thirst can be seen as a metaphor for the soul's longing for God, reminiscent of Psalm 42:1, "As the deer pants for streams of water, so my soul longs after You, O God."

and he cried out to the LORD
Samson's cry to the LORD signifies a moment of humility and recognition of God's sovereignty. The Hebrew verb "cried out" (זָעַק, za'aq) often denotes a desperate plea for help. This reflects a turning point where Samson acknowledges his need for divine intervention, reminding us of the importance of prayer and reliance on God in times of distress.

You have accomplished this great deliverance
Here, Samson acknowledges that the victory over the Philistines was not by his own strength but by God's power. The word "deliverance" (תְּשׁוּעָה, teshuah) is often associated with salvation and rescue, emphasizing God's role as the ultimate deliverer. This acknowledgment serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and might, encouraging believers to give glory to God for their victories.

by the hand of Your servant
Samson refers to himself as God's "servant" (עֶבֶד, ebed), a term denoting submission and service to a higher authority. This reflects a moment of humility and recognition of his role in God's plan. It is a reminder that believers are called to be servants of God, fulfilling His purposes through their lives.

Must I now die of thirst
This rhetorical question highlights Samson's desperation and the human tendency to doubt God's provision in times of need. It echoes the Israelites' complaints in the wilderness (Exodus 17:3), serving as a cautionary tale about the dangers of ingratitude and lack of faith.

and fall into the hands of the uncircumcised?
The term "uncircumcised" refers to the Philistines, who were outside the covenant community of Israel. This phrase underscores the cultural and religious divide between Israel and its enemies. It also reflects Samson's fear of being defeated by those who do not know God, emphasizing the importance of remaining faithful and trusting in God's protection against adversaries.

So God
The phrase begins with the acknowledgment of divine intervention. The Hebrew word for God here is "Elohim," which emphasizes God's power and sovereignty. This sets the stage for understanding that the events to follow are not mere coincidences but acts of divine will. In the context of Judges, where Israel repeatedly falls into sin and cries out for deliverance, this highlights God's faithfulness and mercy despite human failure.

split open
The Hebrew root for "split open" is "bāqa'," which conveys a forceful action, often used in the context of miraculous events. This word choice underscores the supernatural nature of the event, reminiscent of God parting the Red Sea in Exodus. It signifies God's ability to provide and make a way where there seems to be none, reinforcing His role as a provider and sustainer.

the hollow place in Lehi
"Lehi" means "jawbone" in Hebrew, and it is significant as the site of Samson's victory over the Philistines with a donkey's jawbone. The "hollow place" suggests a natural depression or cavity, which God uses to bring forth water. This location, associated with a previous victory, becomes a place of sustenance and renewal, symbolizing how God can transform places of conflict into sources of life.

and water came out of it
Water, in biblical symbolism, often represents life, cleansing, and the Holy Spirit. The provision of water from the rock is reminiscent of Moses striking the rock in the wilderness (Exodus 17:6), highlighting God's continuous provision for His people. This miracle serves as a physical manifestation of God's care and a reminder of His ability to meet our needs in the most unexpected ways.

When Samson drank
Samson's act of drinking signifies acceptance and reliance on God's provision. It is a moment of humility and dependence, acknowledging that his strength and survival come from God alone. This act can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual renewal, where believers are invited to "drink" from the living water that Christ offers (John 4:14).

his strength returned and he revived
The restoration of Samson's strength is both physical and symbolic. The Hebrew word for "revived" is "ḥāyāh," meaning to live or to be restored to life. This revival is a testament to God's power to restore and renew, even when we are at our weakest. It serves as an encouragement that God can rejuvenate our spirits and empower us for His purposes.

That is why he named it En-hakkore
"En-hakkore" means "Spring of the Caller" in Hebrew. Naming the place serves as a memorial to God's provision and Samson's prayer. It is a testament to the power of calling upon God in times of need and His faithfulness to respond. This name serves as a lasting reminder of the relationship between God and His people, where He hears and answers their cries.

and it remains in Lehi to this day
The phrase "to this day" indicates the lasting impact of God's intervention. It suggests that the site became a landmark of divine faithfulness, a tangible reminder for future generations of God's miraculous provision. This enduring presence serves as a call to remember and trust in God's unchanging nature and His ability to provide for His people throughout history.

And Samson
The name "Samson" is derived from the Hebrew word "Shimshon," which is related to "shemesh," meaning "sun." This connection to the sun may symbolize strength, power, and brilliance, reflecting Samson's role as a judge and deliverer of Israel. Samson's life, marked by extraordinary physical strength, is a testament to God's empowerment of individuals to fulfill His purposes, even amidst personal flaws and failures.

judged
The Hebrew word for "judged" is "shaphat," which means to govern, lead, or deliver. In the context of the Book of Judges, a judge was not merely a legal arbiter but a leader raised by God to deliver Israel from oppression. Samson's role as a judge highlights God's sovereignty in choosing unlikely individuals to lead His people, emphasizing that divine calling often transcends human expectations.

Israel
"Israel" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, and represents the chosen people of God. During Samson's time, Israel was a confederation of tribes rather than a unified nation. Samson's judgeship over Israel signifies God's continued faithfulness to His covenant people, even when they were oppressed and struggling with idolatry and disobedience.

for twenty years
The phrase "for twenty years" indicates the duration of Samson's leadership. This period is significant as it reflects a time of relative stability and deliverance for Israel under Samson's judgeship. Despite his personal shortcomings, Samson's leadership was part of God's plan to provide relief from Philistine oppression, demonstrating that God can use imperfect people to achieve His purposes over extended periods.

in the days of the Philistines
The "days of the Philistines" refers to a time when the Philistines were a dominant force in the region, oppressing the Israelites. The Philistines were a seafaring people who settled along the coastal regions of Canaan. Their presence and influence posed a significant threat to Israel. Samson's judgeship during this time underscores the ongoing struggle between Israel and the Philistines, highlighting the need for divine intervention and leadership to overcome external threats and internal weaknesses.