Genesis 36:39

When Baal-hanan son of Achbor died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife's name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab.

Study Bible

When Baal-hanan son of Achbor died
Baal-hanan, meaning "Baal is gracious," indicates the influence of Canaanite religion, as Baal was a prominent deity. Achbor, meaning "mouse," is a name also found in 2 Kings 22:12, suggesting a possible connection or commonality in naming practices. The death of Baal-hanan marks a transition in leadership, a common theme in Genesis, reflecting the transient nature of human authority compared to God's eternal sovereignty.

Hadad reigned in his place
Hadad is a name associated with a storm god in ancient Near Eastern cultures, particularly among the Arameans and Canaanites. This reflects the syncretism present in Edomite culture, where local and foreign deities were often worshipped. The transition of power to Hadad signifies the continuation of Edomite leadership, which is significant in the broader narrative of Israel's relationship with Edom, a nation descended from Esau, Jacob's brother.

His city was named Pau
Pau is a location whose exact identification remains uncertain, though it is believed to be in the region of Edom. The naming of cities after leaders or significant figures was a common practice, reflecting the leader's influence or the city's importance during their reign. This practice is seen throughout the Bible, such as in the naming of cities after the patriarchs or significant events.

and his wife’s name was Mehetabel daughter of Matred
Mehetabel, meaning "God makes happy," suggests a theophoric element, indicating the presence of Yahweh worship or acknowledgment among the Edomites. Matred, meaning "pushing forward," could imply a lineage of ambition or prominence. The mention of women in genealogies, though less common, highlights their importance in lineage and inheritance, as seen in other biblical accounts like Ruth and Esther.

the daughter of Me-zahab
Me-zahab, meaning "waters of gold," could symbolize wealth or prosperity, possibly indicating the family's status or the region's resources. This name might also suggest a connection to the natural resources of Edom, known for its mineral wealth. The genealogical detail underscores the importance of heritage and lineage in biblical narratives, often used to establish legitimacy and divine favor, as seen in the genealogies of Jesus in Matthew and Luke.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Baal-hanan
The son of Achbor, who was a king of Edom. His name means "Baal is gracious," indicating the influence of Canaanite religion in Edom.

2. Achbor
The father of Baal-hanan. His name means "mouse," and he is mentioned as part of the Edomite lineage.

3. Hadad
The successor of Baal-hanan as king of Edom. Hadad is a name associated with a storm god in ancient Near Eastern cultures, reflecting the syncretism in Edom.

4. Pau
The city where Hadad reigned. The exact location is uncertain, but it was significant enough to be mentioned as the seat of Hadad's rule.

5. Mehetabel
The wife of Hadad, whose name means "God makes happy." She is noted for her lineage, being the daughter of Matred and granddaughter of Mezahab.

Teaching Points

The Influence of Culture
The names and practices of the Edomite kings reflect the cultural and religious influences surrounding them. As Christians, we must be aware of how our culture influences our faith and ensure that our primary allegiance is to God.

The Importance of Lineage
The detailed genealogies in the Bible remind us of the importance of heritage and legacy. We should consider what spiritual legacy we are leaving for future generations.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The rise and fall of kings in Edom, as recorded in Genesis 36, remind us that God is sovereign over all nations and rulers. We can trust in His ultimate plan and purpose, even when earthly powers seem dominant.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural influence seen in the names of Edomite kings challenge us to examine the cultural influences in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our spiritual legacy is aligned with God's will, as seen through the genealogies in the Bible?

3. How does the sovereignty of God over the nations, as demonstrated in the rise and fall of Edomite kings, provide comfort and assurance in today's world?

4. What lessons can we learn from the relationship between Israel and Edom that apply to our relationships with those who may not share our faith?

5. How can we guard against the syncretism of faith and culture, ensuring that our worship remains true to the God of the Bible?

Connections to Other Scriptures

The lineage of Edomite kings in Genesis 36 parallels the genealogies found in 1 Chronicles 1, which also lists the descendants of Esau, showing the historical and familial connections between Israel and Edom.

The mention of Hadad connects to 1 Kings 11, where another Hadad, an adversary of Solomon, is mentioned, highlighting the ongoing tension between Israel and Edom.

The influence of Canaanite religion, as seen in names like Baal-hanan, can be compared to the warnings against idolatry found throughout the Old Testament, such as in Deuteronomy 12.