Deuteronomy 31:21

And when many troubles and afflictions have come upon them, this song will testify against them, because it will not be forgotten from the lips of their descendants. For I know their inclination, even before I bring them into the land that I swore to give them."

Study Bible

And when many troubles and afflictions have come upon them
This phrase speaks to the inevitable challenges that the Israelites will face. The Hebrew word for "troubles" (רָעוֹת, ra'ot) and "afflictions" (צָרוֹת, tsarot) often denote distress and adversity. Historically, Israel's journey was fraught with trials, both as a consequence of their disobedience and as a test of their faith. This serves as a reminder of the human condition and the trials that believers may face, encouraging reliance on God’s strength and promises.

this song will testify against them
The "song" refers to the Song of Moses, a prophetic and didactic poem meant to remind Israel of their covenant with God. The Hebrew word for "testify" (עָנָה, anah) implies a legal witness. This song serves as a divine witness to Israel's future disobedience, highlighting the importance of remembering God's laws and the consequences of straying from them. It underscores the role of scripture and tradition in guiding and correcting the faithful.

because it will not be forgotten by their descendants
The phrase emphasizes the enduring nature of God's word and the importance of passing down spiritual teachings. The Hebrew root for "forgotten" (שָׁכַח, shakach) suggests neglect or disregard. This serves as a call to future generations to remember and uphold the teachings and covenant of God, ensuring that His laws remain alive in the hearts of His people.

I know what they are prone to do
Here, God’s omniscience is highlighted. The Hebrew word for "prone" (יָצַר, yatsar) can mean to form or to be inclined. This reflects God’s intimate understanding of human nature and the Israelites' tendencies towards rebellion. It serves as a reminder of God’s patience and foreknowledge, encouraging believers to seek His guidance and strength to overcome their weaknesses.

even before I bring them into the land I swore to give them
This phrase underscores God’s faithfulness to His promises despite human failings. The land, a central theme in the Hebrew Bible, represents not just a physical territory but also the fulfillment of God’s covenant. The historical context of the Israelites entering the Promised Land serves as a testament to God’s unwavering commitment to His people, encouraging believers to trust in His promises and timing.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is delivering God's message to the people. He is preparing them for his departure and the transition of leadership to Joshua.

2. The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who are about to enter the Promised Land. They are the recipients of the warnings and instructions given by Moses.

3. The Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which God swore to give to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It represents God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises.

4. The Song of Moses
A prophetic song given by God to Moses to teach the Israelites. It serves as a witness against them when they turn away from God.

5. God
The sovereign Lord who knows the hearts of His people and foresees their future disobedience. He provides the song as a means of reminding them of His covenant and their responsibilities.

Teaching Points

The Power of Remembrance
The song serves as a tool for remembrance, reminding the Israelites of God's laws and their covenant with Him. We should also use Scripture to remind ourselves of God's promises and our commitments.

God's Omniscience
God knows the hearts and future actions of His people. We should live with the awareness that nothing is hidden from God, and strive to align our actions with His will.

The Role of Warnings
Just as the song warns the Israelites of the consequences of disobedience, we should heed the warnings in Scripture to avoid spiritual pitfalls.

Generational Faithfulness
The song is meant to be remembered by future generations. We have a responsibility to pass down our faith and the truths of Scripture to the next generation.

The Certainty of God's Promises
Despite knowing the Israelites' future disobedience, God remains faithful to His promise of the land. We can trust in God's faithfulness even when we falter.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the Song of Moses function as a witness against the Israelites, and what can we learn from this about the role of Scripture in our lives?

2. In what ways does God's foreknowledge of the Israelites' actions impact your understanding of His character and His relationship with His people?

3. How can we ensure that the truths of Scripture are not forgotten by future generations in our own families and communities?

4. What are some modern "songs" or reminders that we can use to keep God's commandments and promises at the forefront of our minds?

5. How do the warnings in Deuteronomy 31:21 relate to the broader biblical account of sin and redemption, and how can this understanding shape our daily walk with God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 15
The Song of Moses after the crossing of the Red Sea, which celebrates God's deliverance and serves as a reminder of His power and faithfulness.

Psalm 78
A historical psalm that recounts Israel's repeated disobedience and God's enduring patience and mercy.

Hebrews 4:12
The Word of God is living and active, discerning the thoughts and intentions of the heart, similar to how the song in Deuteronomy serves as a witness to the Israelites' hearts.

Romans 3:23
All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, reflecting the inherent tendency of the Israelites to stray from God's commands.