This is what the Lord GOD showed me
The phrase emphasizes the divine origin of the vision. "Lord GOD" in Hebrew is "Adonai Yahweh," underscoring God's sovereign authority and covenant relationship with Israel. The use of "showed" indicates a revelation, a common prophetic experience where God communicates His will or impending actions. This sets the stage for understanding the vision as a direct message from God, not merely a human interpretation.

He was preparing swarms of locusts
The imagery of "swarms of locusts" is significant in the ancient Near Eastern context. Locusts were a symbol of devastating judgment, often used by God as a tool of discipline (Exodus 10:12-15). The Hebrew word for locusts, "arbeh," suggests a multitude, emphasizing the overwhelming nature of the impending disaster. This preparation by God indicates His control over nature and His ability to use it to fulfill His purposes.

just after the king’s harvest
This phrase situates the vision in a specific agricultural and economic context. The "king’s harvest" likely refers to the first harvest, which was often claimed by the monarchy as a form of tax or tribute. This timing highlights the severity of the judgment, as it would affect the nation’s sustenance and economic stability. It underscores the message that God’s judgment can impact even the highest authorities and their resources.

as the late spring crop was coming up
The "late spring crop" refers to the second harvest, which was crucial for the sustenance of the people. In Hebrew, this is the "lekesh," the latter growth that follows the early rains. The timing of the locusts' arrival, just as this crop was emerging, signifies a complete and devastating loss. This detail emphasizes the thoroughness of God’s judgment and serves as a call to repentance, as the people would be left without their expected provision.

When they had finished eating the grass of the land
This phrase sets the scene for a vision of judgment. The "grass of the land" refers to the vegetation that sustains life, symbolizing the basic provisions from God. In the Hebrew context, grass often represents the transient nature of life (Isaiah 40:6-8). The consumption of the grass by locusts, as described earlier in the chapter, signifies a devastating judgment that leaves the land barren. Historically, locust plagues were common in the ancient Near East and were seen as divine punishment (Exodus 10:12-15). This imagery underscores the severity of God's impending judgment on Israel due to their persistent disobedience.

I said
The prophet Amos speaks directly to God, demonstrating the intimate relationship between the prophet and the divine. This phrase indicates a moment of intercession, where Amos steps into the role of a mediator. The Hebrew verb "אמר" (amar) is often used to denote speaking or declaring, emphasizing the authority and earnestness of Amos's plea. This reflects the prophetic tradition where prophets often intercede on behalf of the people (Exodus 32:11-14).

‘Lord GOD, please forgive!
Amos addresses God with the title "Lord GOD," which in Hebrew is "אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (Adonai Yahweh), a combination that emphasizes both the sovereignty and covenantal relationship of God with Israel. The plea for forgiveness highlights the prophet's understanding of God's mercy and willingness to relent from sending calamity. The Hebrew word for forgive, "סָלַח" (salach), is a powerful term that conveys the idea of pardoning or sparing. This request for forgiveness is a central theme in the prophetic literature, where the prophets often call for repentance and divine mercy (Joel 2:13).

How can Jacob survive?
"Jacob" is a poetic reference to the nation of Israel, invoking the patriarch whose name was changed to Israel (Genesis 32:28). This name is used to remind the people of their covenantal identity and heritage. The question "How can Jacob survive?" reflects the dire situation and the prophet's concern for the nation's survival amidst divine judgment. It underscores the vulnerability of Israel, which, despite its chosen status, is not immune to the consequences of sin. This rhetorical question is a plea for divine intervention and a reminder of the need for national repentance.

He is so small!
This phrase emphasizes the weakness and insignificance of Israel in the face of impending disaster. The Hebrew word "קָטֹן" (qaton) means small or insignificant, highlighting the nation's inability to withstand the judgment without divine aid. This acknowledgment of Israel's frailty serves as a call to humility and dependence on God. It reflects the biblical theme that God's strength is made perfect in weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9), and it is often in moments of vulnerability that God's people are called to return to Him in faith and repentance.

So the LORD relented
The Hebrew word for "relented" is "נָחַם" (nacham), which can mean to be sorry, to console oneself, or to change one's mind. In the context of Amos, this word reflects God's compassionate nature and His willingness to respond to intercession. Historically, this demonstrates the dynamic relationship between God and His people, where divine judgment is not arbitrary but responsive to human repentance and prayer. This highlights the power of prayer and the mercy of God, who is not unyielding but listens to the cries of His people.

from this plan
The phrase "from this plan" indicates a specific intention or course of action that God was prepared to execute. In the context of Amos, this refers to the impending judgment on Israel due to their sins. Theologically, it underscores the seriousness of God's plans and the reality of divine judgment. However, it also shows that God's plans are not set in stone when it comes to judgment; they can be altered through genuine repentance and intercession, reflecting His justice tempered with mercy.

'It will not happen,'
This declaration from God is a powerful testament to His sovereignty and authority. The phrase "It will not happen" is a definitive statement that cancels the impending disaster. It serves as a reminder of God's ultimate control over history and events. Scripturally, it echoes other instances where God has withheld judgment in response to repentance, such as in the account of Nineveh in the book of Jonah. This phrase reassures believers of God's willingness to forgive and His desire for redemption rather than destruction.

He said
The phrase "He said" emphasizes the personal and direct communication from God. It is a reminder that God is not distant or detached but actively involved in the lives of His people. In the prophetic tradition, the words spoken by God through His prophets carry immense weight and authority. This phrase assures us that God's words are trustworthy and His promises are sure. It also highlights the role of prophets as intermediaries who convey God's messages to His people, urging them towards repentance and righteousness.

This is what the Lord GOD showed me
The phrase begins with a declaration of divine revelation. The Hebrew word for "showed" is "הִרְאָה" (hir'ah), which implies a vision or a supernatural insight given by God. Amos, as a prophet, receives this vision directly from the Lord GOD, emphasizing the authority and authenticity of the message. The use of "Lord GOD" (Adonai Yahweh) underscores the sovereignty and supreme authority of God, who is revealing His will and impending judgment.

The Lord GOD was calling for a judgment by fire
The term "calling" in Hebrew is "קָרָא" (qara), which can mean to summon or proclaim. This indicates an intentional and deliberate act by God, not a random occurrence. "Judgment by fire" is a powerful image, often associated with purification, destruction, and divine wrath. Fire in the biblical context is frequently a symbol of God's holiness and His consuming power against sin (e.g., Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19). This judgment signifies a severe and purifying action from God, reflecting His intolerance for the persistent sin of Israel.

It consumed the great deep
The "great deep" (Hebrew: "תְּהוֹם רַבָּה," tehom rabbah) refers to the primordial waters or the depths of the sea, which in ancient Near Eastern cosmology represented chaos and the unknown. The imagery of fire consuming water is paradoxical, highlighting the overwhelming and unstoppable nature of God's judgment. This phrase suggests that even the most chaotic and untamed elements of creation are subject to God's sovereign will and can be subdued by His power.

and devoured the land
The word "devoured" (Hebrew: "אָכַל," akal) conveys a sense of complete consumption and destruction. The land, representing the nation of Israel, is depicted as being utterly consumed by this divine fire. This serves as a stark warning to the people of Israel about the consequences of their unrepentant sin and rebellion against God. Historically, this reflects the impending invasions and exile that Israel would face as a result of their disobedience, as foretold by the prophets.

Then I said
This phrase indicates a direct response from the prophet Amos. In the Hebrew text, the word for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used to denote a declaration or a plea. Amos, as a prophet, is interceding on behalf of Israel, showing his deep concern and compassion for the people. This reflects the role of a prophet not only as a messenger of God's word but also as an intercessor for the people.

Lord GOD
The term "Lord GOD" in Hebrew is "אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה" (Adonai Yahweh). "Adonai" is a title of respect and authority, while "Yahweh" is the personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with Israel. This dual title underscores both the sovereignty and the personal nature of God. Amos appeals to God's authority and His covenantal faithfulness, recognizing that only God has the power to change the course of events.

please stop
The plea "please stop" is a heartfelt intercession. The Hebrew word "חָדַל" (chadal) means to cease or desist. Amos is earnestly asking God to relent from His planned judgment. This highlights the prophet's role as an advocate for mercy, and it reflects the biblical theme that God is responsive to sincere prayer and intercession.

How will Jacob survive
"Jacob" here is a poetic reference to the nation of Israel, derived from the patriarch Jacob, whose name was later changed to Israel. The question "How will Jacob survive" indicates a deep concern for the nation's vulnerability. Historically, Israel was often caught between powerful empires, and Amos is acutely aware of their fragile state. This phrase underscores the theme of divine judgment and mercy, as well as the prophet's empathy for his people.

since he is so small?
The phrase "since he is so small" refers to Israel's perceived insignificance and vulnerability. The Hebrew word "קָטֹן" (qaton) means small or insignificant. This reflects the socio-political reality of Israel during Amos's time, as a small nation surrounded by larger powers. It also conveys a spiritual truth about human frailty and the need for divine intervention. Amos's plea is a reminder of God's compassion for the humble and the weak, and it calls believers to trust in God's strength rather than their own.

So the LORD
The phrase "So the LORD" begins with the divine name, "Yahweh," which is often translated as "LORD" in English Bibles. This name signifies the covenantal relationship between God and His people, Israel. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His personal involvement in the affairs of humanity. The use of "LORD" here emphasizes that it is not just any deity, but the God of Israel, who is actively engaged in the narrative.

relented
is translated from the Hebrew word "נָחַם" (nacham), which can mean to be sorry, to console oneself, or to change one's mind. In the context of Amos 7:6, it indicates a divine change of course in response to intercession. This is a profound demonstration of God's mercy and willingness to respond to the prayers of His prophets. It shows that while God is just, He is also compassionate and open to dialogue with His people.

concerning this
refers to the specific judgment that God had planned to bring upon Israel. In the preceding verses, Amos had seen visions of destruction, and he pleaded with God to spare the people. The phrase "concerning this" ties back to those visions and the specific acts of judgment that were averted. It highlights the power of intercessory prayer and the importance of standing in the gap for others. This phrase also serves as a reminder of the conditional nature of some of God's pronouncements, where human response can influence divine action.

This is what He showed me
The phrase introduces a divine vision given to Amos, emphasizing the prophetic nature of the message. The Hebrew root for "showed" is "ra'ah," which means to see or perceive. This indicates that the vision is not just a physical sight but a spiritual revelation. In the context of Amos, a shepherd and fig tree farmer, this vision signifies God's direct communication with His chosen messenger, underscoring the importance and authenticity of the prophecy.

The Lord was standing
The image of the Lord standing conveys authority and readiness to act. In Hebrew, "standing" (עֹמֵד, 'omed) suggests a position of judgment or decision. This posture indicates that God is not passive but actively engaged in the affairs of Israel. Theologically, it reflects God's sovereignty and His role as the ultimate judge of His people.

by a wall built true to plumb
The wall symbolizes the nation of Israel, constructed according to divine standards. The phrase "true to plumb" implies precision and correctness, derived from the Hebrew word "anak," meaning to be straight or upright. This imagery suggests that Israel was initially established according to God's righteous standards. Historically, walls were crucial for protection and identity, and a wall built true to plumb would be strong and reliable, symbolizing the intended moral and spiritual integrity of Israel.

with a plumb line in His hand
The plumb line is a tool used to ensure that structures are vertically true, symbolizing God's standard of righteousness and justice. The Hebrew term "anak" for plumb line indicates a measure of alignment with divine law. In the prophetic context, the plumb line represents God's examination of Israel's faithfulness to His covenant. The presence of the plumb line in God's hand signifies His active role in assessing and correcting His people, highlighting the theme of divine judgment and the call to repentance.

And the LORD said to me
This phrase introduces a direct communication from God to the prophet Amos. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with Israel. This divine communication underscores the authority and seriousness of the message being delivered. In the context of Amos, a shepherd and fig tree farmer, this highlights the accessibility of God’s voice to those who are humble and obedient, regardless of their social status.

Amos, what do you see?
God's question to Amos is both literal and symbolic. The Hebrew root for "see" is "ra'ah," which means to perceive or understand. This question invites Amos to engage with the vision actively, suggesting that God desires His prophets to be not just passive recipients but active participants in His revelations. It also reflects the prophetic tradition where visions are a means of divine communication, requiring discernment and interpretation.

A plumb line, I replied
The "plumb line" is a tool used by builders to ensure structures are vertically true. In Hebrew, the word is "anak," which signifies a standard of measurement. This imagery is powerful, symbolizing God's standard of righteousness and justice. The plumb line represents God's assessment of Israel's moral and spiritual alignment with His covenant. Historically, this reflects the period of Israel's prosperity under Jeroboam II, where outward success masked inner corruption and idolatry.

Then the Lord said
This phrase marks a transition from vision to interpretation. The repetition of "the Lord" (YHWH) emphasizes the divine origin and authority of the message. It serves as a reminder that the interpretation of visions is not left to human speculation but is provided by God Himself, ensuring that the message is clear and unambiguous.

Behold, I am setting a plumb line among My people Israel
The word "Behold" (Hebrew "hinneh") is a call to attention, indicating the importance of what follows. The act of "setting" a plumb line suggests a deliberate and decisive action by God. "My people Israel" reflects the covenant relationship, yet it also carries a tone of impending judgment. The plumb line among them signifies that God is measuring their faithfulness and will hold them accountable to His standards.

I will no longer spare them
This phrase is a solemn declaration of judgment. The Hebrew root for "spare" is "abar," meaning to pass over or forgive. The decision to "no longer spare" indicates that Israel has persistently failed to meet God's standards, and the time for mercy has passed. This reflects the historical context of Israel's persistent idolatry and social injustice, despite repeated warnings from prophets. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's covenant and the necessity of repentance and alignment with His will.

The high places of Isaac
The term "high places" refers to elevated sites often used for worship in ancient Israel. These locations were typically associated with idolatrous practices, contrary to the worship of Yahweh. The mention of "Isaac" here is significant, as it connects the judgment to the patriarchal heritage of Israel, emphasizing the gravity of their departure from covenantal faithfulness. Historically, these high places were centers of syncretism, blending the worship of Yahweh with Canaanite deities, which was strictly forbidden in the Mosaic Law.

will be deserted
The Hebrew root for "deserted" conveys a sense of desolation and abandonment. This prophetic declaration indicates a divine judgment that will render these places void of worshippers and activity. The imagery of desolation serves as a stark warning of the consequences of Israel's unfaithfulness and the inevitable result of divine judgment when God's people turn away from Him.

the sanctuaries of Israel
"Sanctuaries" refers to places set apart for worship, which in Israel's context, should have been dedicated to Yahweh alone. However, these sanctuaries had become corrupted by idolatry and false worship. The plural form suggests multiple sites across the nation, highlighting the widespread nature of the apostasy. This phrase underscores the theme of corrupted worship and the need for purification and return to true devotion.

will be laid waste
The phrase "laid waste" indicates complete destruction. The Hebrew word used here often describes the aftermath of divine judgment, where nothing is left standing. This serves as a powerful reminder of God's holiness and the seriousness with which He views idolatry and unfaithfulness. The destruction of these sanctuaries symbolizes the removal of false worship and a call to return to the worship of the one true God.

I will rise up
This phrase signifies God's active intervention in the affairs of Israel. The imagery of God rising up conveys His readiness to execute judgment and fulfill His righteous purposes. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ultimate authority over nations and rulers. This divine action is both a warning and a call to repentance, urging the people to recognize God's power and turn back to Him.

against the house of Jeroboam
Jeroboam was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel, known for establishing idol worship in Bethel and Dan to prevent his subjects from going to Jerusalem. The "house of Jeroboam" refers to his dynasty, which had led Israel into sin. This phrase highlights the accountability of leaders and the impact of their actions on the nation. God's judgment against Jeroboam's house serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of leading others away from God.

with My sword
The "sword" is a metaphor for divine judgment and warfare. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the sword was a symbol of power and authority. Here, it represents God's decisive action against sin and rebellion. The use of "My sword" emphasizes that this judgment is directly from God, underscoring His role as the righteous judge who will not tolerate idolatry and injustice. This imagery calls believers to reflect on the seriousness of sin and the need for repentance and faithfulness to God.

Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel
Amaziah, whose name means "Yahweh is mighty," serves as the priest at Bethel, a significant religious center in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. Bethel, meaning "House of God," was originally a place of worship established by the patriarchs but had become a center for idolatrous practices under King Jeroboam I. The role of a priest in this context is complex, as Amaziah is not a Levitical priest but rather one appointed by the king, indicating a compromised religious leadership. This highlights the tension between true worship and the corrupted practices that Amos, a prophet from the Southern Kingdom, is confronting.

sent a message to Jeroboam king of Israel
Jeroboam II, the king during this time, ruled over a prosperous yet spiritually declining Israel. His reign is marked by economic growth but also by moral and religious decay. The act of sending a message indicates a formal complaint, reflecting the political and religious dynamics at play. Amaziah's appeal to the king underscores the threat Amos's prophecies pose to the established order, as they challenge both the political and religious status quo.

Amos has conspired against you
The accusation of conspiracy is serious, suggesting that Amos's prophetic messages are seen as a direct threat to the king's authority. The Hebrew root for "conspired" (קָשַׁר, qashar) implies a binding or tying together, often used in the context of plotting or treason. This reflects the perception of prophetic truth as subversive to those in power, a common theme in the prophetic literature where God's message often confronts human authority.

right here in the house of Israel
The phrase "house of Israel" refers to the Northern Kingdom, emphasizing the national scope of Amos's ministry. His presence and message are not foreign but are delivered within the very heart of the nation. This highlights the internal nature of the critique, as Amos speaks to his own people, calling them back to covenant faithfulness. The use of "right here" underscores the immediacy and relevance of the prophetic word to the current situation.

The land cannot bear all his words
This phrase captures the overwhelming impact of Amos's prophecies. The Hebrew word for "bear" (נָשָׂא, nasa) can mean to carry or endure, suggesting that the prophetic message is too heavy or burdensome for the people to accept. This reflects the convicting power of God's word, which exposes sin and calls for repentance. The land, representing the people and the nation, is depicted as unable to sustain the weight of divine judgment and truth, highlighting the urgency of the call to repentance and the transformative power of God's word.

For this is what Amos has said
This phrase introduces the prophetic message attributed to Amos, a shepherd and fig tree farmer turned prophet. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a declaration or proclamation, emphasizing the authority and divine inspiration behind Amos's words. Historically, prophets were seen as God's mouthpieces, and their messages were often met with resistance, especially when they challenged the status quo or foretold doom.

‘Jeroboam will die by the sword
Jeroboam II was the king of Israel during Amos's time, and his reign was marked by prosperity and expansion. However, the phrase "die by the sword" indicates a violent end, a common fate for rulers in turbulent times. The Hebrew word for "sword" (חֶרֶב, chereb) often symbolizes divine judgment. This prophecy would have been shocking, as Jeroboam's reign was seen as successful, yet it underscores the theme of divine justice and the consequences of idolatry and injustice prevalent in Israel.

and Israel will surely go into exile
The certainty of exile is emphasized by the Hebrew construction, which can be translated as "going, she will go" (גָּלֹה תִגְלֶה, galoh tigleh), indicating an inevitable and complete displacement. Exile was a severe punishment, representing not just physical removal but also spiritual and cultural dislocation. Historically, the Assyrian conquest led to the exile of the Northern Kingdom, fulfilling this prophecy. This serves as a warning of the consequences of turning away from God and the covenant.

away from their homeland
The term "homeland" (אֲדָמָה, adamah) refers to the land given to the Israelites by God, a place of identity and divine promise. Being taken away from it signifies a loss of divine favor and protection. This phrase highlights the gravity of Israel's impending judgment, as the land was central to their covenant relationship with God. Theologically, it serves as a call to repentance and a reminder of the importance of faithfulness to God's commands.

And Amaziah said to Amos
Amaziah, the priest of Bethel, represents the religious establishment of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. His confrontation with Amos, a prophet from the Southern Kingdom of Judah, highlights the tension between institutional religion and prophetic truth. Historically, this reflects the divided monarchy period, where political and religious tensions were prevalent. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) often introduces a significant declaration, indicating the weight of Amaziah's opposition to Amos.

Go away, you seer!
The term "seer" (חֹזֶה, chozeh) is an ancient designation for a prophet, emphasizing the visionary aspect of the prophetic role. Amaziah's command to "go away" underscores his rejection of Amos's message. This reflects a broader biblical theme where true prophets are often unwelcome in their own land, as they challenge the status quo and call for repentance. The historical context shows that prophets like Amos were often marginalized by those in power.

Flee to the land of Judah
Amaziah's directive for Amos to "flee" (בָּרַח, barach) to Judah is both a dismissal and an insult. It suggests that Amos's message is unwelcome and that he should return to his own territory. This reflects the political and religious division between Israel and Judah. The land of Judah, being Amos's homeland, is ironically the place where his message might be more accepted, yet it also highlights the rejection he faces in Israel.

Earn your bread there
This phrase implies that Amos is a professional prophet, suggesting that he should make his living by prophesying in Judah. The Hebrew concept of "bread" (לֶחֶם, lechem) often symbolizes sustenance and livelihood. Amaziah's words are dismissive, insinuating that Amos's prophecies are motivated by financial gain rather than divine calling. This accusation reflects a misunderstanding of the prophetic vocation, which is driven by obedience to God rather than material reward.

and do your prophesying there
Amaziah's instruction to "do your prophesying" in Judah further emphasizes his rejection of Amos's message. The Hebrew root for "prophesying" (נָבָא, naba) involves speaking forth a divine message. This highlights the core of Amos's mission—to deliver God's word regardless of opposition. Historically, prophets were often seen as troublemakers by those in power, yet their role was crucial in calling the people back to covenant faithfulness.

But never prophesy
The phrase "never prophesy" is a direct command from Amaziah, the priest of Bethel, to Amos. In Hebrew, the word for "prophesy" is "נָבָא" (naba), which means to speak or sing by inspiration, often with a divine message. This command reflects a rejection of divine revelation and a resistance to God's word. Historically, prophets were seen as messengers of God, and to silence them was to reject God's authority. This highlights the tension between human authority and divine command, a recurring theme in the prophetic books.

at Bethel
Bethel, meaning "House of God" in Hebrew, was a significant religious site in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. It was one of the two centers of worship established by Jeroboam I, where he set up golden calves (1 Kings 12:28-29). This location, once a place of genuine worship, had become a center of idolatry and false religion. The historical context of Bethel as a place of both spiritual significance and apostasy underscores the irony and tragedy of Amos being forbidden to prophesy there.

again
The word "again" implies that Amos had previously prophesied at Bethel, delivering messages from God. This repetition indicates that Amos's presence and message were persistent and perhaps troubling to the established religious order. It suggests a continuous effort by God to reach His people, despite their resistance.

because it is the sanctuary of the king
The term "sanctuary" in Hebrew is "מִקְדָּשׁ" (miqdash), meaning a holy place or a sacred site. However, the phrase "of the king" indicates that Bethel had become more of a political and royal institution than a true place of worship. This reflects the intertwining of religion and politics, where the king's authority overshadowed divine authority. Historically, this was a common issue in Israel, where kings often led the people into idolatry.

and the temple of the kingdom
The word "temple" in Hebrew is "בֵּית" (bayith), meaning house. The phrase "of the kingdom" further emphasizes the political nature of Bethel's religious practices. It was a place where the kingdom's interests were prioritized over God's commands. This highlights the corruption and compromise within the religious system, where the true worship of God was replaced by state-controlled religion. The historical context of Israel's divided kingdom and the establishment of rival worship centers is crucial to understanding the depth of this corruption.

I was not a prophet
The Hebrew word for "prophet" is "נָבִיא" (navi). Amos begins by clarifying his identity, emphasizing that he did not come from a prophetic lineage or school. This statement underscores the divine calling that transcends human qualifications or expectations. In the ancient Near East, prophets were often seen as part of a professional class, but Amos's declaration highlights that God's call can come to anyone, regardless of their background.

nor was I the son of a prophet
This phrase further emphasizes Amos's outsider status. In ancient Israel, being the "son of a prophet" could imply being part of a prophetic guild or community. Amos's assertion that he was not a prophet's son reinforces the idea that his authority and message come directly from God, not from human institutions or traditions. This serves as a reminder that God often chooses the unlikely and the humble to fulfill His purposes.

rather, I was a herdsman
The term "herdsman" is translated from the Hebrew word "בּוֹקֵר" (boqer), which refers to someone who tends cattle or sheep. This occupation was considered humble and ordinary, yet it is precisely from this simple background that God called Amos. This reflects a recurring biblical theme where God chooses individuals from modest beginnings, such as David the shepherd or the disciples who were fishermen, to carry out His divine plans.

and a tender of sycamore-fig trees
The phrase "tender of sycamore-fig trees" comes from the Hebrew "בּוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים" (boles shiqmim). The sycamore-fig tree was common in the region and required a specific process of cultivation. This detail about Amos's occupation provides insight into his life and the agrarian society of ancient Israel. It also symbolizes the nurturing and attentive care that Amos would bring to his prophetic mission, tending to the spiritual needs of Israel with the same diligence he applied to his work with the trees.

But the LORD took me from following the flock
This phrase highlights the divine initiative in Amos's calling. The Hebrew word for "took" is "laqach," which implies a forceful or deliberate action. It suggests that Amos's transition from shepherd to prophet was not of his own volition but a direct intervention by God. Historically, shepherds were seen as humble and lowly, yet God often chose such individuals for His purposes, as seen with David. This underscores the theme that God values obedience and humility over status or position.

and said to me
The phrase "and said to me" emphasizes the personal and direct communication between God and Amos. The Hebrew verb "amar" is used here, which is a common term for speaking but in this context, it signifies a divine command. This direct communication is a hallmark of prophetic calling, where God imparts His message to be delivered to His people. It reflects the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, where they are entrusted with His words.

‘Go, prophesy to My people Israel.’
The command "Go, prophesy" is a clear directive from God, using the Hebrew word "halak" for "go," which implies movement with purpose. The term "prophesy" comes from the Hebrew "naba," meaning to speak or sing by inspiration. This indicates that Amos's messages were not his own but were divinely inspired. The phrase "My people Israel" signifies God's enduring covenant relationship with Israel, despite their disobedience. It highlights God's desire for repentance and restoration, showing His love and commitment to His chosen people. This calling of Amos serves as a reminder that God often uses unlikely individuals to fulfill His divine purposes, emphasizing His sovereignty and grace.

Now therefore hear
The phrase "Now therefore hear" serves as a divine imperative, calling the audience to attention. In Hebrew, the word for "hear" is "שְׁמַע" (shema), which implies not just listening but also obeying. This echoes the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4, a central declaration of faith in Judaism. The call to "hear" is a summons to heed God's authoritative message, emphasizing the seriousness and urgency of the prophetic word.

the word of the LORD
"The word of the LORD" signifies a direct communication from God, underscoring the divine origin and authority of the message. In Hebrew, "word" is "דָּבָר" (dabar), which can mean a matter, thing, or command. This phrase assures the audience that the message is not Amos's own but is divinely inspired, carrying the weight and truth of God's will. It is a reminder of the prophetic role as a mouthpiece for God, delivering His unaltered message to the people.

You say
"You say" introduces the opposition's voice, highlighting the tension between the prophet and his audience. This phrase sets up a contrast between human resistance and divine command. It reflects the people's reluctance to accept God's message, a common theme in prophetic literature where the messenger faces rejection and hostility.

‘Do not prophesy against Israel
The command "Do not prophesy against Israel" reveals the people's desire to silence the prophet. The Hebrew word for "prophesy" is "נָבָא" (naba), which means to speak or sing by inspiration. The resistance to prophecy indicates a rejection of divine correction and a preference for comfort over truth. Historically, Israel often resisted prophets who brought messages of judgment, preferring false prophets who spoke of peace and prosperity.

and do not preach against the house of Isaac.’
The phrase "and do not preach against the house of Isaac" further emphasizes the resistance to prophetic messages. "Preach" in Hebrew is "נָטַף" (nataf), meaning to drip or distill, suggesting a continuous flow of divine truth. The "house of Isaac" refers to the Northern Kingdom of Israel, highlighting their ancestral pride and identity. This resistance to preaching underscores a deeper spiritual stubbornness and a refusal to acknowledge their waywardness from God's covenant.

“Therefore, this is what the LORD says”
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, which underscores His covenant relationship with Israel. This introduction sets the stage for a serious and irrevocable declaration from God, highlighting His role as the ultimate judge and ruler.

“Your wife will become a prostitute in the city,”
This part of the prophecy is both shocking and tragic. The Hebrew word for "prostitute" is "zanah," which implies not only sexual immorality but also a departure from faithfulness. This imagery is often used in the Bible to describe Israel's unfaithfulness to God. The mention of "the city" suggests public shame and humiliation, indicating the complete reversal of social status and respect.

“your sons and daughters will fall by the sword,”
The phrase "fall by the sword" is a common biblical expression for violent death in battle or conflict. This prophecy foretells the devastating loss of family, which would have been particularly grievous in ancient Israelite society, where family lineage and inheritance were of utmost importance. The use of "sons and daughters" highlights the totality of the loss, affecting both male and female offspring.

“your land will be divided with a measuring line,”
The "measuring line" is a tool used for dividing land, symbolizing the loss of property and inheritance. In ancient Israel, land was a divine gift and a sign of God's promise to His people. The division of land signifies the end of God's blessing and protection, leading to the dispersion and exile of the people.

“and you yourself will die in a pagan land.”
The phrase "pagan land" refers to a foreign territory, often associated with idolatry and godlessness. Dying in such a land implies a loss of identity and separation from the covenant community. This is a severe judgment, as it means dying away from the land God promised to His people, without the hope of a proper burial or remembrance.

“And Israel will surely go into exile, away from their homeland.”
The certainty of exile is emphasized by the word "surely," indicating the inevitability of this judgment. Exile was one of the most severe punishments for Israel, as it meant being uprooted from the land God had given them, losing their national identity, and living under foreign rule. This phrase underscores the consequences of Israel's persistent disobedience and rejection of God's covenant.