proclaim
The Hebrew verb "נָגַד" (nagad) is used here, meaning to announce, declare, or make known. This word conveys the active role of the heavens in communicating God's righteousness. It suggests that the natural world is not passive but actively participates in revealing God's character and truth. This aligns with the biblical theme that God's creation is a living testimony to His nature and works, as seen in Romans 1:20, where creation reveals God's invisible qualities.

His righteousness
The term "צֶדֶק" (tsedeq) in Hebrew refers to righteousness, justice, or moral integrity. In the context of this verse, it highlights God's perfect and unchanging nature. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, God's righteousness is central to His identity and actions. It assures believers of His just governance of the world and His faithfulness to His promises. This righteousness is ultimately fulfilled in the person of Jesus Christ, who embodies God's perfect justice and mercy.

for God Himself
This phrase emphasizes the personal involvement of God in the act of judgment and revelation. The Hebrew word "אֱלֹהִים" (Elohim) is used here, a plural form that denotes majesty and power, often used to refer to the one true God. The phrase underscores the belief that God is not distant or detached but actively engaged in the world He created. It reassures believers of His presence and authority in all matters of life and faith.

is Judge
The Hebrew word "שָׁפַט" (shaphat) means to judge, govern, or render a verdict. This term affirms God's role as the ultimate arbiter of justice. In the biblical narrative, God is portrayed as the righteous judge who discerns the hearts of men and administers justice with fairness and truth. For conservative Christians, this is a reminder of the accountability all creation has before God and the assurance that He will right all wrongs in His perfect timing. The concept of God as judge is both sobering and comforting, as it assures believers of His ultimate justice and the hope of redemption through Christ.

In the language of modern thought, order and law in the physical world are an evidence of an ordered moral government, and the obedience of the unconscious stars to that sway which, as Wordsworth says, "preserves them from wrong," is a challenge to man to submit himself consciously to the same will.