In the context of ancient Israelite society, the laws concerning sexual conduct were designed to uphold the sanctity of marriage and protect familial integrity. The Mosaic Law provided specific guidelines for situations where a man seduced a woman who was not betrothed. These laws are found primarily in the Pentateuch, reflecting the cultural and religious values of the time.

Biblical Reference:

The primary scriptural reference for this topic is found in Exodus 22:16-17 : "If a man entices a virgin who is not betrothed and lies with her, he must pay the bride price for her, and she will become his wife. If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, the man still must pay an amount comparable to the bride price of a virgin."

Analysis:

1. Enticement and Responsibility:
· The passage addresses the scenario where a man entices a virgin who is not betrothed. The term "entices" implies a consensual relationship rather than an act of force. The responsibility falls on the man to rectify the situation by marrying the woman, thus providing her with social and economic security.

2. Bride Price:
· The man is required to pay the "bride price," a customary payment made to the woman's family. This payment served as compensation for the loss of the woman's virginity, which was highly valued in the cultural context of ancient Israel. The bride price also functioned as a form of restitution to the family.

3. Father's Authority:
· The law acknowledges the authority of the woman's father in the decision-making process. If the father refuses to give his daughter in marriage to the man, the man is still obligated to pay the bride price. This provision underscores the father's role in protecting his daughter's interests and ensuring her well-being.

4. Social and Moral Implications:
· These laws reflect the importance placed on sexual purity and the protection of women within the community. By requiring marriage or compensation, the law sought to prevent the exploitation of women and maintain the moral fabric of society.

5. Cultural Context:
· It is essential to understand these laws within their historical and cultural context. The ancient Near Eastern societies, including Israel, had different social structures and values compared to modern times. The laws were designed to address the specific needs and challenges of that era.

Theological Considerations:

From a theological perspective, these laws highlight the biblical emphasis on justice, responsibility, and the protection of vulnerable individuals. They demonstrate God's concern for the dignity and welfare of women, even within a patriarchal society. The requirement for the man to marry the woman or pay the bride price serves as a deterrent against casual sexual relationships and underscores the seriousness with which God views the covenant of marriage.

Conclusion:

The biblical laws regarding the seduction of a non-betrothed woman reflect a complex interplay of social, economic, and moral considerations. They provide insight into the values and priorities of ancient Israelite society, emphasizing the protection and honor of women within the community.Exodus 22:16,17
And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.
Nave's Topical Index

Deuteronomy 22:28,29
If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, which is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found;
Nave's Topical Index

Against Jovinianus.
... He does not extend his indulgence to those women who, although Christians, have ... be
done, and that which must be done implies punishment if it be not done. ...
/.../jerome/the principal works of st jerome/against jovinianus.htm

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