to number
The word "number" in Hebrew is "מנה" (manah), which means to count or reckon. This suggests a deliberate and thoughtful consideration of our days. In the ancient Near Eastern context, life was often seen as fleeting and uncertain, and this counting is a call to mindfulness about the brevity of life. It is an invitation to live with intentionality and purpose, recognizing that each day is a gift from God and should be used wisely.

our days
"Our days" refers to the span of human life. In the Hebrew Bible, life is often depicted as transient, like a vapor or a shadow (James 4:14, Psalm 144:4). This phrase emphasizes the finite nature of human existence. Historically, the Israelites were acutely aware of life's brevity, living in a world where life expectancy was much shorter than today. This awareness is meant to inspire a sense of urgency in living a life that honors God.

that we may gain
The phrase "that we may gain" indicates a purpose or result of the teaching and numbering. The Hebrew word "בוא" (bo) can mean to come, enter, or bring in, suggesting an acquisition or attainment. This implies that through understanding the brevity of life, we can acquire something valuable. It is a call to action, to seek and obtain wisdom and understanding as a result of our reflection on life's transience.

a heart of wisdom
"A heart of wisdom" is the ultimate goal of this prayer. In Hebrew, "לב חכמה" (lev chokmah) combines the concepts of the heart, which in biblical terms is the center of thought, emotion, and will, with wisdom, which is skillful living according to God's principles. Wisdom in the biblical sense is not just knowledge but the application of knowledge in making godly choices. This phrase encapsulates the desire for a transformation that affects the core of our being, leading us to live lives that are pleasing to God. In the scriptural context, wisdom is highly valued and is seen as a gift from God (James 1:5), and this prayer is a request for that divine gift to be bestowed upon us.

The verse must evidently be taken in close connection. with the preceding, or the point of the petition is lost, and though the ordinary rendering, "Teach us to number our days," has given birth to a number of sayings which might be quoted in illustration, it is neither in itself very intelligible, nor, except by one instance in later Hebrew, can it be supported as a rendering of the original.

(1) that God will enable his people to take to heart the lessons which the brevity of life should teach (ver. 12);

(2) that he will cease from his anger, and relent concerning them (ver. 13);

(3) that he will once more shower his mercies upon them, and cause their affliction to be swallowed up in gladness (vers. 14, 15); . . .

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