Matthew Poole's Commentary And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to wife a daughter of Levi. Moses’s parentage and birth, Exodus 2:1,2. His mother makes an ark, puts him therein, Exodus 2:3. Pharaoh’s daughter going to wash herself, seeth him, takes him for her own child, and gives him to his mother to nurse, Exodus 2:4-9. Moses seeing an Israelite wronged by an Egyptian, kills him, Exodus 2:11,12. Pharaoh hearing this, seeks to slay Moses; he flees to Midian, Exodus 2:15. There he rescues Reuel’s daughters from the violence of the shepherds, Exodus 2:17; serves Reuel, and marries his daughter Zipporah, Exo 21. She bears him a son, his name, and the reason of it, Exodus 2:22. God heareth the cry of the Israelites, Exodus 2:23-25. There went a man, viz. Amram, Exodus 6:20 Numbers 26:58,59 from the place of his abode to another place for the following purpose. A daughter of Levi, namely Jochebed, Numbers 26:59, called a daughter, not strictly, but more largely, to wit, a grandchild, as the words father and son are oft used for a grandfather and a grandson, as hath been showed before: And so the word sister, Exodus 6:20, is to be taken largely, as brother is oft used for a cousin. This seems more probable than that an Israelite should marry his own sister, which even heathens by the light of nature have condemned, especially now when he had such abundant choice elsewhere. And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that he was a goodly child, she hid him three months. 1571 No text from Poole on this verse. And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river's brink. She could not longer hide him, with safety to herself, because they now grew more violent in executing that bloody decree, and the child growing up was more likely to be discovered, especially seeing the Egyptians dwelt among them, Exodus 3:22. That boats were made of such materials as bulrushes in those parts, is evident from Isaiah 18:2, and from the testimonies of Herod, Pliny, and others. Slime and pitch; slime within, and pitch without. She hid it in the flags, which grew near the river’s side; partly that the vessel might not be carried away, and overturned by the violence of the winds and water, and partly that the child might be sooner discerned, and more easily taken out thence by any kind hand, which she hoped for. And his sister stood afar off, to wit what would be done to him. His sister stood afar off, that she might not be thought to have laid the child there, or to be related to it. This she might very probably guess, both from the circumstances in which she found him, and from the singular fairness and beauty of the child, far differing from the Egyptian hue; and she might certainly know it by its circumcision. And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river's side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it. No text from Poole on this verse. And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the Hebrews' children. This she might very probably guess, both from the circumstances in which she found him, and from the singular fairness and beauty of the child, far differing from the Egyptian hue; and she might certainly know it by its circumcision. Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee? No text from Poole on this verse. And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child's mother. No text from Poole on this verse. And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the woman took the child, and nursed it. No text from Poole on this verse. And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water. He became her son, by adoption, Hebrews 11:24. For, as Philo reports, she, though long married, had no child of her own; and therefore treated him as her own, and gave him royal education and instruction. See Acts 7:21. Moses; it matters not whether this be an Egyptian name, or a Hebrew name answering to it in signification, seeing the meaning of it is here explained. And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren. In those days, whilst Moses lived at court, and was owned as the son of Pharaoh’s daughter, and, as some write, designed to succeed Pharaoh in the throne. Moses was grown to maturity, being forty years old, Acts 7:23. He went out unto his brethren; partly by natural affection and inclination, that he might learn the state of his brethren, and help them, as occasion should offer itself; and partly by Divine instigation, and in design that he might give some manifestation to them that he was raised and sent of God to deliver them; as may be gathered from Acts 7:25. And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand. Looked this way and that way; not from conscience of guilt in what he intended, but from human and warrantable prudence. This action of Moses was extraordinary, and is not to be justified by the common right of defending the oppressed, which belongs not to private persons, Romans 12:19; but only by his Divine and special vocation to be the ruler and deliverer of Israel. Which call of his, howsoever manifested, whether by his father, as Josephus saith, or immediately to himself, was evident to his own conscience, and he gave this as a signal to make it evident to the people. And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow? The next day after that achievement, he returns to execute the office in which God had set him as a judge, whose work it is both to destroy enemies, and to reconcile brethren. And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing is known. Moses feared, through the weakness of his faith, which afterwards growing stronger, he feared not that which now he did fear, the wrath of the king, Hebrews 11:27. Distinguish the times, and scriptures agree which seemed to clash together. Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well. He sought to slay Moses; not out of zeal to punish a murderer, but to secure himself from so dangerous a person, probably supposing that this was the man foretold to be the scourge of Egypt, and the deliverer of Israel. Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father's flock. The Priest of Midian; not of idols, for then Moses would not have married into his family; but of the true God; for some such were in those ancient times here and there, as appears by Melchisedek, though his manner of worshipping God might be superstitious and corrupt: or the Hebrew cohen may here signify a prince, or a potentate, as Genesis 41:45. Nor doth the employment of his daughters contradict that translation, both because principalities were then many of them very small and mean, and because this employment then was esteemed noble, and worthy of great men’s daughters, as appears from Genesis 24:15 29:6, &c. And the shepherds came and drove them away: but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock. The shepherds drove them away, that they might enjoy the fruit of their labours, and make use of the water which they had drawn for their own cattle. Moses helped them; either by persuading them with fair words, or by force; for Moses was strong, and full of courage and resolution, wherewith the shepherds were easily daunted. And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that ye are come so soon to day? Their father; either, 1. Strictly, and then he is the same who elsewhere is called Jethro, Exodus 3:1 Exo 18$ oft times; and, as some think, Hobab, Judges 4:11. Or, 2. Largely, i.e. their grandfather, for such are oft called fathers, as Genesis 31:43 2 Kings 14:3 16:2 18:3; so he was the father of Jethro, or Hobab, Numbers 10:29. And they said, An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and also drew water enough for us, and watered the flock. They guessed him to be an Egyptian by his habit and speech, or he told them that he came from thence. Drew water; Heb. in drawing drew, which notes that he drew it very diligently and readily, which caused their quick return. And he said unto his daughters, And where is he? why is it that ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread. Heb. Have left the man thus, or now, at this time of the day, when it is so late, and he a stranger and traveller. And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter. Moses was content; or, consented to this desire or offer. And so his present and temporary repose there is turned into a settled habitation. Moses married Zipporah not instantly, but after some years of acquaintance with the family, as may probably be gathered from the youngness and uncircumcisedness of one of his sons forty years after this, Exodus 4:25. In which time, as Moses would not fail to instruct them in the knowledge of the true God, which he was able excellently to do, so it is likely he had succeeded therein in some measure, and therefore married Zipporah. And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land. No text from Poole on this verse. And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. In process of time; Heb. in those many days, viz. in which he lived or abode there, i.e. after them. In is put for after here, as it is Numbers 28:26 Isaiah 20:1 Mark 13:24, compared with Matthew 24:29 Luke 9:36. After forty years, as appears by comparing Exodus 7:7, with Acts 7:30. The king of Egypt died; and after him one or two more of his sons or successors, and the rest who sought for Moses’s life, Exodus 4:19. The children of Israel sighed, because though their great oppressor was dead, yet they found no relief, as they hoped to do. And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. No text from Poole on this verse. And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them. Heb. Knew them, so as to pity and help them; as words of knowledge are oft used, as Psalm 1:6 31:7. He who seemed to have rejected them, now owned them for his people, and came for their rescue. |
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