Eliakim, son of Hilkiah, emerges as a significant figure in the Old Testament, particularly in the context of typology, where he is seen as a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ. His account is primarily found in the book of Isaiah and 2 Kings, where he serves as a faithful steward in the house of King Hezekiah. Eliakim's role and attributes provide a rich tapestry of symbolism that points to the greater fulfillment found in Christ.

Historical Context and Role

Eliakim was appointed as the royal steward or "over the household" during the reign of King Hezekiah, succeeding Shebna, who was removed from his position due to unfaithfulness (Isaiah 22:15-25). This role was one of great authority and responsibility, akin to a prime minister, where he managed the affairs of the kingdom and acted as a trusted advisor to the king.

Typological Significance

1. Bearer of Authority: In Isaiah 22:22, it is written, "I will place on his shoulder the key to the house of David; what he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open." This passage is a direct reference to Eliakim's authority, symbolized by the key to the house of David. In the New Testament, this imagery is applied to Christ in Revelation 3:7, where Jesus is described as having the "key of David," underscoring His ultimate authority over the kingdom of God.

2. Faithful Steward: Eliakim's faithfulness as a steward is a precursor to Christ's perfect stewardship over God's household. Jesus, as the faithful and wise servant, manages the affairs of His Father's kingdom with righteousness and justice, fulfilling the role that Eliakim only partially embodied.

3. Father to the Inhabitants: Isaiah 22:21 describes Eliakim as a "father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah." This paternal role highlights his care and responsibility for the people, a characteristic that finds its ultimate expression in Christ, who is often referred to as the "Everlasting Father" (Isaiah 9:6) and the Good Shepherd who lays down His life for the sheep (John 10:11).

4. Symbol of Stability: Eliakim is described as a "peg in a firm place" (Isaiah 22:23), symbolizing stability and reliability. This imagery points to Christ as the cornerstone of the Church, the foundation upon which believers are built (Ephesians 2:20). Just as Eliakim provided stability for the kingdom of Judah, Christ provides eternal security for His people.

5. Bearer of Glory: The passage in Isaiah 22:24 speaks of the glory of Eliakim's family being hung upon him, a foreshadowing of the glory that rests upon Christ. Jesus, in His incarnation and exaltation, bears the glory of God, revealing the Father to humanity and bringing many sons to glory (Hebrews 2:10).

Conclusion

Eliakim's life and role as a steward in the house of David serve as a profound type of Christ, illustrating aspects of Jesus' ministry and authority. Through Eliakim, the Scriptures provide a shadow of the greater reality found in Christ, who perfectly fulfills the roles of authority, stewardship, and care for His people.Isaiah 22:20-22
And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will call my servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah:
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Revelation 3:7
And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; These things said he that is holy, he that is true, he that has the key of David, he that opens, and no man shuts; and shuts, and no man opens;
Torrey's Topical Textbook

What are the different types of angels? | GotQuestions.org

Are there different types of demons? | GotQuestions.org

What are the different types of love mentioned in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus