The Tribe of Reuben, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, is notable in the biblical narrative for its failure to assist in the battle against Sisera, the commander of the Canaanite army under King Jabin of Hazor. This event is recorded in the Song of Deborah, found in the Book of Judges, which celebrates the victory of Israelite forces led by Deborah and Barak.

Biblical Context

The account of Reuben's inaction is situated within the larger narrative of Judges 4 and 5, where the Israelites, oppressed by Jabin, are delivered through the leadership of Deborah, a prophetess and judge, and Barak, the son of Abinoam. The battle takes place near the Kishon River, where the Lord grants Israel a decisive victory over Sisera's forces.

Reuben's Indecision

In Judges 5, the Song of Deborah and Barak recounts the participation of various tribes in the battle. While some tribes, such as Zebulun and Naphtali, are praised for their bravery, Reuben is criticized for its indecision and failure to join the fight. Judges 5:15-16 states:

"In the districts of Reuben
there was much searching of heart.
Why did you sit among the sheepfolds
to hear the whistling for the flocks?
In the districts of Reuben
there was much searching of heart."

This passage highlights the internal conflict within the tribe, as they deliberated but ultimately chose not to participate in the battle. The repetition of "much searching of heart" underscores their hesitation and lack of action.

Historical and Cultural Considerations

The Tribe of Reuben, descended from Reuben, the firstborn son of Jacob and Leah, settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River. This geographical separation from the other tribes may have contributed to their reluctance to engage in conflicts west of the Jordan. Additionally, their pastoral lifestyle, as suggested by the reference to "sheepfolds" and "whistling for the flocks," may have influenced their decision to prioritize their immediate responsibilities over the collective needs of the Israelite confederation.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, Reuben's failure to assist against Sisera serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of indecision and the importance of unity among God's people. The narrative suggests that when God's people are called to action, hesitation and self-interest can lead to missed opportunities to participate in His deliverance and blessings.

Legacy and Reflection

The Tribe of Reuben's inaction in the battle against Sisera is a reminder of the complexities and challenges faced by the tribes of Israel in maintaining unity and faithfulness to God's commands. Their account invites reflection on the importance of decisive action and solidarity in the face of adversity, as well as the consequences of failing to heed God's call to support His purposes.Judges 5:15,16
And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah; even Issachar, and also Barak: he was sent on foot into the valley. For the divisions of Reuben there were great thoughts of heart.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

The Marvels of Holy Scripture, --Moral and Physical. --Jael's Deed ...
... the Kenites made their settlement amid the Royal tribe of Judah ... Reuben, and Dan,
and Asher had kept aloof from the ... of a wider Law which we did not know before ...
/.../burgon/inspiration and interpretation/sermon vii the marvels of.htm

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