In the biblical context, altars hold significant importance as places of worship, sacrifice, and communion with God. The construction and materials of altars are specifically addressed in the Scriptures, reflecting the sacredness and divine instructions associated with their use.

Biblical Instructions for Altars

The instructions for building altars are first detailed in the Book of Exodus. God commands the Israelites to construct altars in a manner that reflects simplicity and purity, emphasizing the use of natural materials. In Exodus 20:24-25 , the Lord instructs:

"You are to make for Me an altar of earth and sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and peace offerings, your sheep and goats and cattle. In every place where I cause My name to be remembered, I will come to you and bless you. If you make an altar of stones for Me, you must not build it with cut stones; for if you use a chisel on it, you will defile it."

These verses highlight two primary materials for altar construction: earth and unhewn stone. The use of earth signifies humility and the natural order, while unhewn stones symbolize purity and the unaltered creation of God. The prohibition against using tools on the stones underscores the importance of maintaining the altar's sanctity, free from human alteration or prideful craftsmanship.

Symbolism and Significance

The use of earth and unhewn stone in altar construction carries deep symbolic meaning. Earth, as a material, represents the foundational element of creation, reminding worshippers of their connection to the Creator and the created world. It signifies humility and the acknowledgment of human dependence on God.

Unhewn stones, on the other hand, reflect the divine perfection of God's creation. By using stones untouched by human tools, the Israelites were reminded of God's sovereignty and the purity required in worship. The unaltered stones serve as a metaphor for the unchanging nature of God and His commandments.

Historical Context and Practice

Throughout the Old Testament, altars made of earth or unhewn stone are frequently mentioned in the context of patriarchal worship and covenantal events. For instance, Noah built an altar to the Lord after the flood (Genesis 8:20), and Abraham constructed altars at various significant locations during his journey (Genesis 12:7-8; 13:18).

The practice of building altars with these materials continued as a central aspect of Israelite worship, serving as a tangible expression of faith and obedience to God's commands. The simplicity of these altars contrasted with the elaborate altars of surrounding pagan cultures, highlighting the distinctiveness of Israel's worship and their dedication to the one true God.

Theological Implications

The instructions for altars made of earth or unhewn stone reflect broader theological themes within the biblical narrative. They emphasize the importance of approaching God with humility, purity, and reverence. The altars serve as a reminder that worship is not about human achievement or artistic expression but about submission to God's will and acknowledgment of His holiness.

In summary, the biblical mandate for altars to be made of earth or unhewn stone underscores the principles of simplicity, purity, and divine order in worship. These altars serve as enduring symbols of the covenant relationship between God and His people, inviting believers to approach the Almighty with hearts aligned to His eternal truths.Exodus 20:24,25
An altar of earth you shall make to me, and shall sacrifice thereon your burnt offerings, and your peace offerings, your sheep, and your oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come to you, and I will bless you.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Deuteronomy 27:5,6
And there shall you build an altar to the LORD your God, an altar of stones: you shall not lift up any iron tool on them.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

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