Topical Bible: Symbols and Similitudes: Wine, of the Atoning Blood

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Wine holds a significant place in biblical symbolism, particularly as it relates to the atoning blood of Jesus Christ. Throughout Scripture, wine is frequently used as a metaphor for joy, blessing, and divine provision. However, its most profound representation is found in the New Testament, where it symbolizes the blood of Christ shed for the remission of sins.

Old Testament Foundations

In the Old Testament, wine is often associated with celebration and covenantal blessings. For instance, in Genesis 14:18, Melchizedek, king of Salem, brings out bread and wine to bless Abram, prefiguring the sacramental use of wine. The abundance of wine is also a sign of God's favor and prosperity, as seen in passages like Joel 2:24, "The threshing floors will be full of grain, and the vats will overflow with new wine and oil."

New Testament Fulfillment

The symbolism of wine reaches its fulfillment in the New Testament, particularly in the context of the Last Supper. During this pivotal event, Jesus institutes the Lord's Supper, using wine as a symbol of His blood. In Matthew 26:27-28 , Jesus takes the cup, gives thanks, and says, "Drink from it, all of you. This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." Here, wine becomes a powerful emblem of the new covenant, signifying the sacrificial death of Christ and the atonement it provides.

Theological Significance

The use of wine as a symbol of Christ's atoning blood underscores several key theological truths. First, it highlights the sacrificial nature of Jesus' death. Just as wine is poured out, so was Christ's blood shed for the redemption of humanity. This act of atonement is central to Christian faith, as it reconciles sinners to God and grants them eternal life.

Second, the communal aspect of drinking wine during the Lord's Supper emphasizes the unity of believers in Christ. As participants share the cup, they are reminded of their shared faith and the grace they have received through the atoning work of Jesus.

Eschatological Hope

Wine also carries an eschatological dimension, pointing to the future consummation of God's kingdom. In Matthew 26:29 , Jesus tells His disciples, "I tell you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it anew with you in My Father’s kingdom." This promise anticipates the Messianic banquet, where believers will celebrate the fullness of salvation in the presence of Christ.

Conclusion

In summary, wine as a symbol of the atoning blood of Christ is rich with meaning and significance. It serves as a reminder of the sacrificial love of Jesus, the unity of the church, and the hope of eternal fellowship with God. Through the lens of Scripture, wine is transformed from a mere beverage into a profound emblem of divine grace and redemption.

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Matthew 26:27-29
And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink you all of it;
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Mark 14:23-25
And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it.
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Luke 22:17,18,20
And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves:
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Library

Of the Sacraments.
... These similitudes are applicable to the secondary reason. ... upon us, in the same way
in which wine is drunk ... when mention is made of the sacred symbols which were ...
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