How beautiful
The Hebrew word for "beautiful" here is "יָפֶה" (yafeh), which conveys not just physical beauty but also a sense of harmony and perfection. In the context of the Song of Solomon, this beauty is not merely external but reflects an inner grace and dignity. The use of "how" emphasizes the speaker's admiration and awe, suggesting a beauty that surpasses ordinary standards.

are your sandaled feet
The mention of "sandaled feet" highlights the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, where sandals were common footwear. Sandals symbolize readiness and journey, often associated with dignity and status. In a spiritual sense, feet shod with sandals can represent the readiness to walk in the ways of the Lord, echoing Ephesians 6:15, where believers are encouraged to have their "feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace."

O daughter of royalty
This phrase underscores the noble status of the woman being addressed. The Hebrew term "בַּת־נָדִיב" (bat-nadiv) can be translated as "daughter of a noble" or "princess." It signifies not only her royal lineage but also her inherent worth and dignity. Spiritually, believers are often referred to as children of the King, highlighting their identity and inheritance in Christ.

Your graceful legs
The word "graceful" in Hebrew is "חָמֻקִים" (chamuqim), suggesting elegance and smoothness. Legs, in this context, symbolize strength and stability. The gracefulness of her legs indicates a life lived with poise and purpose, reflecting the inner beauty that comes from a heart aligned with God's will.

are like jewels
Jewels are precious and rare, often used in Scripture to symbolize value and beauty. The comparison of her legs to jewels suggests that her movements and actions are precious and worthy of admiration. This imagery invites believers to consider the value of their own walk with God, striving to live lives that reflect His glory.

the work of a master’s hand
This phrase emphasizes the craftsmanship and intentionality behind her beauty. The "master's hand" refers to a skilled artisan, suggesting that her beauty is not accidental but crafted with care and purpose. In a spiritual sense, it reminds believers that they are "fearfully and wonderfully made" (Psalm 139:14), crafted by the Creator with a unique purpose and design.

Your navel is a rounded goblet
The imagery of the "navel" as a "rounded goblet" is rich with symbolism. In Hebrew, the word for navel, "שֹׁרֵר" (shorer), can also imply a central point or source of life, much like the umbilical cord is a source of nourishment. The "rounded goblet" suggests fullness and abundance, a vessel that holds something precious. In ancient Near Eastern culture, goblets were often used in celebrations and rituals, symbolizing joy and festivity. This metaphor may imply that the beloved is a source of joy and life, central to the lover's existence.

it never lacks blended wine
The phrase "never lacks blended wine" speaks to abundance and richness. Wine in the Bible often symbolizes joy, celebration, and divine blessing. The Hebrew word for "blended" (מָסַךְ, masak) suggests a mixture, often of spices or other elements, enhancing the wine's flavor and aroma. This could imply that the beloved's presence is intoxicating and delightful, always providing a sense of joy and satisfaction. Historically, wine was a staple in ancient Israelite culture, used in both daily life and religious ceremonies, further emphasizing the beloved's integral role in the lover's life.

Your waist is a mound of wheat
The "waist" being likened to a "mound of wheat" is a vivid agricultural metaphor. Wheat was a staple crop in ancient Israel, essential for sustenance and survival. The Hebrew word for "waist" (בֶּטֶן, beten) can also mean belly or womb, suggesting fertility and life-giving potential. A "mound of wheat" implies abundance, prosperity, and nourishment. This imagery may reflect the beloved's nurturing nature and the life-giving relationship between the lovers. In a broader biblical context, wheat often symbolizes provision and blessing from God, reinforcing the idea of the beloved as a divine gift.

encircled by lilies
The phrase "encircled by lilies" adds a layer of beauty and purity to the imagery. Lilies in the Bible are often associated with beauty, purity, and renewal. The Hebrew word for lily (שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, shoshanah) is used in various biblical texts to denote something beautiful and fragrant. The encircling of lilies around the mound of wheat suggests a harmonious blend of beauty and sustenance, purity and abundance. This could symbolize the completeness and perfection of the beloved, whose presence is both life-sustaining and aesthetically pleasing. In the context of the Song of Solomon, this imagery celebrates the beauty and sanctity of marital love, reflecting God's design for human relationships.

Your breasts
In the Hebrew text, the word for "breasts" is "שָׁדַיִךְ" (shadayik). This term is often used in the context of beauty and fertility, symbolizing nurturing and the intimate bond between lovers. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, breasts were seen as a source of life and sustenance, reflecting the nurturing aspect of womanhood. The imagery here is not merely physical but also speaks to the emotional and spiritual nourishment that love provides.

are like two fawns
The comparison to "two fawns" (עֳפָרִים, 'ofarim) evokes a sense of tenderness and innocence. Fawns are young, gentle, and delicate creatures, symbolizing purity and vulnerability. This imagery suggests a love that is tender and gentle, emphasizing the beauty and grace of the beloved. In the context of the Song of Solomon, this metaphor highlights the admiration and reverence the lover has for his beloved, seeing her as precious and to be cherished.

twins of a gazelle
The phrase "twins of a gazelle" (תְּאוֹמֵי צְבִיָּה, te'omei tzeviya) further emphasizes symmetry and harmony. Gazelles were known for their beauty and swiftness, often associated with elegance and grace in biblical literature. The use of "twins" suggests a perfect match, a harmonious and balanced relationship. This imagery reflects the ideal of marital love as a partnership where both individuals complement and complete each other, creating a unified and beautiful whole.

Your neck is like a tower of ivory
The imagery of the "neck" as a "tower of ivory" suggests elegance, strength, and purity. In ancient times, towers were symbols of defense and stature, and ivory was a precious material, signifying wealth and beauty. The Hebrew word for "neck" (צַוָּאר, tsavvar) often symbolizes dignity and honor. This comparison elevates the beloved's grace and poise, suggesting a regal and unyielding beauty that stands tall and proud. The use of "ivory" (שֵׁן, shen) further emphasizes purity and rarity, indicating that the beloved's beauty is both unique and precious.

your eyes are like the pools of Heshbon
The "eyes" are often seen as windows to the soul, and here they are compared to "pools of Heshbon." Heshbon was a significant city in ancient Moab, known for its strategic location and abundant water sources. The "pools" (בְּרֵכָה, berekah) suggest depth, clarity, and tranquility. This metaphor implies that the beloved's eyes are deep and reflective, offering insight and peace. The historical context of Heshbon, a place of refreshment and sustenance, adds a layer of meaning, suggesting that the beloved's gaze is nurturing and life-giving.

by the gate of Bath-rabbim
The "gate of Bath-rabbim" refers to a specific location, possibly a well-known entrance in Heshbon. Gates in ancient cities were places of gathering, commerce, and decision-making. The mention of "Bath-rabbim" (בַּת רַבִּים) could imply a place of prominence and social interaction. This phrase suggests that the beloved's eyes, like the pools near this gate, are inviting and engaging, drawing people in with their allure and wisdom.

Your nose is like the tower of Lebanon
The "nose" is likened to the "tower of Lebanon," a structure that would have been both imposing and strategically important. Lebanon was renowned for its majestic cedars and strong fortifications. The Hebrew word for "nose" (אַף, aph) can also mean "face" or "anger," but here it likely emphasizes the centrality and prominence of the beloved's features. The "tower" (מִגְדָּל, migdal) suggests strength and dignity, indicating that the beloved's presence is commanding and noble.

facing toward Damascus
"Facing toward Damascus" situates the imagery geographically, as Damascus was a major city to the northeast of Israel, known for its beauty and significance. This phrase may imply that the beloved's beauty and strength are directed outward, toward a place of influence and renown. The direction "toward Damascus" (דַּמֶּשֶׂק, Dammeseq) could symbolize openness and readiness to engage with the world, suggesting that the beloved's allure is not only personal but also far-reaching and impactful.

Your head crowns you like Mount Carmel
The imagery of "Mount Carmel" is significant in biblical literature. Mount Carmel is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel, known for its lush beauty and strategic height. In the Hebrew context, it symbolizes majesty, fertility, and beauty. The phrase suggests that the beloved's head is not only a physical crown but also a symbol of dignity and honor. The comparison to Mount Carmel elevates her status, indicating that she possesses a natural grace and splendor that is both commanding and awe-inspiring. This reflects the biblical theme of God's creation being inherently beautiful and worthy of admiration.

the hair of your head like royal tapestry
The "royal tapestry" evokes images of intricate, luxurious, and carefully crafted works of art. In ancient times, tapestries were valuable and often depicted scenes of great importance or beauty. The Hebrew word for tapestry can also imply something woven with skill and care. This comparison suggests that the beloved's hair is not only beautiful but also a testament to the divine artistry of creation. It underscores the idea that every detail of God's creation is intentional and magnificent, much like the detailed work of a tapestry. This phrase invites readers to appreciate the complexity and beauty in the seemingly simple aspects of life.

the king is captivated by its tresses
The "king" here can be interpreted as Solomon himself or as a metaphor for the ultimate King, God, who delights in His creation. The word "captivated" implies a deep, almost irresistible attraction or admiration. In the Hebrew context, this suggests a profound appreciation and love that goes beyond mere physical attraction. The "tresses" symbolize not just physical beauty but also the allure and mystery that God has imbued in His creation. This phrase highlights the theme of divine love and admiration, suggesting that just as the king is captivated by the beloved, so too is God captivated by the beauty and uniqueness of each individual. It serves as a reminder of the personal and intimate nature of God's love for His people.

How fair and how pleasant you are
This phrase is an expression of admiration and deep affection. The Hebrew word for "fair" is "יָפֶה" (yafeh), which conveys beauty and attractiveness. In the context of the Song of Solomon, this beauty is not merely physical but also encompasses the beloved's character and spirit. The word "pleasant" is translated from "נָעִים" (na'im), suggesting a sense of delight and joy that the beloved brings. This dual emphasis on fairness and pleasantness highlights the holistic appreciation of the beloved, suggesting that true love encompasses both physical beauty and inner grace. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern appreciation for beauty and harmony, which were often seen as reflections of divine favor.

O love
The term "love" here is translated from the Hebrew word "אַהֲבָה" (ahavah), which denotes a deep, abiding affection and commitment. In the Song of Solomon, "love" is a central theme, representing not only romantic love but also the covenantal love between God and His people. This reflects the broader biblical narrative where love is foundational to relationships, both human and divine. The use of "O love" as a direct address emphasizes the personal and intimate nature of this relationship, inviting readers to consider the depth and intensity of true love.

with your delights
The word "delights" is derived from the Hebrew "תַּעֲנוּגִים" (ta'anugim), which refers to pleasures or joys. This suggests that the beloved is a source of joy and satisfaction, enriching the life of the lover. In the context of the Song of Solomon, these delights are both physical and emotional, celebrating the fullness of love in its many dimensions. Theologically, this can be seen as a reflection of the joy and fulfillment found in a relationship with God, who is the ultimate source of all true delight. The phrase invites believers to consider the manifold blessings and joys that come from a life lived in love and harmony with God's will.

Your stature
The Hebrew word for "stature" is "קוֹמָה" (qomah), which refers to height or physical presence. In the context of the Song of Solomon, this phrase is a metaphorical expression of admiration. The palm tree, known for its height and elegance, symbolizes grace and beauty. Historically, palm trees were significant in the ancient Near East, often representing victory and prosperity. This comparison elevates the beloved's presence to one of dignity and splendor, suggesting that her character and demeanor are as impressive and noble as her physical appearance.

is like a palm tree
The palm tree, or "תָּמָר" (tamar) in Hebrew, is a symbol of beauty and fertility in biblical literature. In ancient Israel, palm trees were abundant and valued for their fruit, shade, and aesthetic appeal. The palm's ability to thrive in arid conditions also symbolizes resilience and steadfastness. By comparing the beloved's stature to a palm tree, the verse highlights her strength, grace, and the life-giving qualities she embodies. This imagery evokes a sense of admiration and reverence, suggesting that her presence is both refreshing and sustaining.

your breasts
The Hebrew word "שָׁדַיִךְ" (shadayik) refers to the breasts, which in biblical poetry often symbolize nurturing and fertility. In the context of the Song of Solomon, this imagery is both sensual and symbolic, celebrating the beloved's femininity and her capacity to nurture life. The mention of breasts in this verse underscores the intimate and affectionate nature of the relationship between the lovers, reflecting a deep appreciation for the beloved's physical and emotional attributes.

are clusters of fruit
The phrase "clusters of fruit" translates from the Hebrew "אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת" (eshkolot), which refers to bunches or clusters, often of grapes. This imagery is rich with connotations of abundance, sweetness, and delight. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, fruit was a symbol of prosperity and blessing. By likening the beloved's breasts to clusters of fruit, the verse conveys a sense of richness and pleasure, suggesting that her love is both bountiful and satisfying. This metaphor also aligns with the broader biblical theme of the land flowing with milk and honey, representing divine blessing and fulfillment.

I said
This phrase indicates a personal declaration or intention. In the context of the Song of Solomon, it reflects the intimate and personal communication between the lovers. The Hebrew root for "said" is אָמַר (amar), which often conveys a sense of resolve or determination. This highlights the speaker's commitment and desire, emphasizing the personal and intentional nature of love.

I will climb the palm tree
The palm tree is a symbol of beauty, stature, and fruitfulness in ancient Near Eastern culture. Climbing the palm tree suggests an active pursuit and engagement with the beloved. The Hebrew word for "palm tree" is תָּמָר (tamar), which is often associated with grace and elegance. This imagery conveys the idea of reaching for something precious and valuable, symbolizing the pursuit of love and intimacy.

I will take hold of its fruit
Taking hold of the fruit signifies the desire to experience and enjoy the rewards of love. In the Hebrew context, fruit often symbolizes abundance and blessing. The act of taking hold suggests a proactive and intentional embrace of the relationship's blessings. This phrase underscores the fulfillment and satisfaction found in mutual love and affection.

May your breasts be like clusters of grapes on the vine
This metaphor draws a parallel between the beloved's physical beauty and the abundance of a fruitful vine. Grapes are a symbol of joy, celebration, and prosperity in biblical literature. The imagery of clusters suggests fullness and richness, highlighting the beloved's allure and the joy found in their union. The vine, often associated with Israel and divine blessing, further emphasizes the sacred and cherished nature of their relationship.

the fragrance of your breath like apples
Fragrance in biblical times was associated with attraction and allure. Apples, in particular, were considered a symbol of love and desire. The comparison of breath to apples suggests a refreshing and invigorating presence, enhancing the intimate connection between the lovers. This phrase captures the sensory delight and the life-giving essence of their love, reflecting the deep and holistic appreciation of one another.

and your mouth like the finest wine
The imagery of the "mouth" in this verse is rich with symbolism. In Hebrew culture, the mouth is often associated with speech and communication, suggesting that the words and expressions of the beloved are as delightful and intoxicating as "the finest wine." Wine, in ancient Israel, was a symbol of joy, celebration, and abundance. The comparison to "the finest wine" indicates not only the sweetness and desirability of the beloved's words but also their ability to bring joy and satisfaction. This metaphor highlights the deep emotional and spiritual connection between the lovers, suggesting that their communication is both pleasurable and enriching.

May it flow smoothly to my beloved
The phrase "flow smoothly" evokes the image of wine being poured effortlessly, symbolizing ease and grace. In the context of a relationship, this suggests a harmonious and untroubled interaction between the lovers. The Hebrew root for "flow" can also imply a sense of abundance and generosity, indicating that the love and affection shared are plentiful and freely given. The term "my beloved" is a recurring expression of endearment throughout the Song of Solomon, emphasizing the personal and intimate nature of the relationship. It reflects a deep, mutual affection and a desire for the beloved's pleasure and well-being.

gliding gently over lips and teeth
The imagery of wine "gliding gently" suggests a smooth and tender interaction, reinforcing the theme of gentle affection and care. The mention of "lips and teeth" is significant in the context of ancient Near Eastern poetry, where physical beauty and sensuality are often celebrated. The lips are a symbol of communication and intimacy, while the teeth, often associated with strength and beauty, suggest a sense of completeness and perfection. This phrase captures the delicate balance of passion and tenderness in the lovers' relationship, highlighting the beauty and harmony of their union. The gentle gliding over "lips and teeth" can also be seen as a metaphor for the seamless blending of their lives and spirits, underscoring the unity and depth of their love.

I belong to my beloved
This phrase speaks to the deep sense of possession and belonging that characterizes the relationship between the Shulammite woman and her beloved. The Hebrew word used here for "belong" is "ani," which conveys a sense of identity and ownership. In the context of marriage, this reflects the biblical principle of two becoming one flesh (Genesis 2:24). Theologically, this can also be seen as a reflection of the believer's relationship with Christ, where the church is often depicted as the bride of Christ (Ephesians 5:25-27). The sense of belonging is mutual and intimate, emphasizing commitment and love.

and his desire is for me
The word "desire" in Hebrew is "teshuqah," which appears only a few times in the Old Testament. It denotes a strong longing or craving. In Genesis 3:16, it is used to describe the woman's desire for her husband, and in Genesis 4:7, it describes sin's desire to control Cain. Here, however, it is used positively to express the beloved's passionate longing for the Shulammite. This desire is not merely physical but encompasses emotional and spiritual dimensions, highlighting the holistic nature of love in a godly relationship. Historically, this reflects the cultural context of ancient Near Eastern love poetry, where mutual desire and admiration were celebrated. Spiritually, it can be seen as a metaphor for Christ's love for His church, a love that is fervent and all-encompassing (John 15:9).

Come, my beloved
This phrase is an invitation, a call to intimacy and companionship. The Hebrew word for "beloved" is "דּוֹדִי" (dodi), which conveys deep affection and love. In the context of the Song of Solomon, this reflects the mutual desire and longing between the lovers, symbolizing the intimate relationship between Christ and His Church. The call to "come" is reminiscent of Christ's invitation to His followers to draw near to Him, emphasizing the personal and relational nature of faith.

let us go to the countryside
The countryside, or "שָׂדֶה" (sadeh) in Hebrew, represents a place of natural beauty and tranquility, away from the busyness of city life. This setting is symbolic of a return to simplicity and purity, where the lovers can enjoy each other's presence without distraction. Historically, the countryside was a place of sustenance and life, often associated with agricultural abundance. Spiritually, it can be seen as an invitation to retreat from the chaos of the world and find rest and renewal in God's creation.

let us spend the night
Spending the night together signifies a deeper level of intimacy and commitment. In the Hebrew context, night is often a time of vulnerability and trust, where one seeks refuge and comfort. This phrase suggests a desire for prolonged fellowship and communion, reflecting the believer's longing to dwell in the presence of God. It is an encouragement to seek deeper spiritual experiences and to rest in the assurance of God's love and protection.

among the wildflowers
Wildflowers, or "כְּפָרִים" (kepharim) in Hebrew, are a symbol of beauty, spontaneity, and the natural order of creation. They grow freely and abundantly, often in unexpected places, representing the uncontainable and lavish nature of God's love. In the biblical context, wildflowers can also signify the fleeting nature of life, reminding believers to cherish the moments of beauty and grace that God provides. This imagery invites the reader to appreciate the simple, yet profound, expressions of God's presence in the world around us.

Let us go early
This phrase suggests a sense of eagerness and anticipation. The Hebrew root for "early" (שָׁכַם, shakham) often implies diligence and a proactive approach. In a spiritual context, this can be seen as an encouragement for believers to seek God earnestly and with enthusiasm, prioritizing their relationship with Him above all else. The idea of going "early" also reflects the freshness and newness of God's mercies each morning (Lamentations 3:22-23).

to the vineyards
Vineyards in the Bible often symbolize abundance, blessing, and the fruitfulness of a life lived in accordance with God's will. The vineyard is a place of growth and productivity, and in the context of a relationship, it represents a space where love and commitment can flourish. Historically, vineyards were central to the agricultural and economic life of ancient Israel, underscoring the importance of nurturing what is valuable and life-giving.

to see if the vines have budded
The budding of vines is a metaphor for potential and the beginning of new life. In the Hebrew context, this imagery is rich with meaning, as it signifies hope and the promise of future fruitfulness. Spiritually, it can be seen as an invitation to examine one's life for signs of spiritual growth and readiness to bear fruit for God's kingdom. The budding vines are a reminder of the seasons of life and the importance of being attuned to God's timing.

if their blossoms have opened
Blossoms opening is a beautiful image of revelation and fulfillment. The Hebrew word for "blossoms" (נֵץ, nets) conveys the idea of something coming into full expression. This can be likened to the unfolding of God's plans and purposes in our lives. It is a call to witness and participate in the beauty of God's creation and His work in our hearts, as we open ourselves to His transformative love.

and if the pomegranates are in bloom
Pomegranates are often associated with fertility, beauty, and the richness of life in biblical literature. The blooming of pomegranates signifies a time of celebration and joy. In the context of a relationship, it represents the fullness and depth of love that is mature and life-giving. The pomegranate's many seeds also symbolize the multitude of blessings and the abundant life promised to those who walk in God's ways.

There I will give you my love
This declaration is a profound expression of commitment and intimacy. The Hebrew word for "love" (דּוֹד, dod) in this context is often used to describe the deep, covenantal love that mirrors God's love for His people. It is a love that is self-giving, sacrificial, and enduring. This phrase invites believers to reflect on the nature of true love, which is not only emotional but also an intentional act of the will, rooted in the character of God Himself.

The mandrakes send forth their fragrance
The mention of "mandrakes" in this verse is significant both botanically and symbolically. In Hebrew, the word for mandrakes is "dudaim," which is associated with love and fertility. Historically, mandrakes were believed to have aphrodisiac properties and were often linked to romantic and marital love. The fragrance of mandrakes symbolizes the allure and intoxicating nature of love, drawing a parallel to the deep, passionate connection between the lovers in the Song of Solomon. This imagery evokes the idea of love as a natural, God-given gift that is both powerful and enchanting.

and at our door is every delicacy
The phrase "at our door" suggests immediacy and accessibility, indicating that the blessings and joys of love are readily available to the couple. "Every delicacy" implies a variety of pleasures and delights, both physical and emotional, that are part of a loving relationship. In the context of ancient Israel, delicacies would have been rare and treasured, symbolizing the precious and cherished nature of the love shared between the bride and groom. This abundance at the door signifies the overflowing blessings that God bestows upon a marriage rooted in love and commitment.

both new and old
The juxtaposition of "new and old" highlights the enduring and evolving nature of love. In a relationship, there are cherished memories and experiences from the past ("old") as well as fresh, exciting moments to be discovered ("new"). This phrase suggests that true love is not stagnant but continually grows and renews itself over time. It reflects the biblical principle that love is both a historical journey and a present reality, enriched by past experiences and invigorated by new ones.

that I have stored up for you
The act of storing up implies intentionality and foresight. In a loving relationship, there is a conscious effort to preserve and nurture the bond between partners. This phrase suggests that the speaker has been thoughtful and deliberate in preparing and safeguarding these treasures of love for their beloved. It reflects the biblical ideal of love as a covenant, where both partners are committed to investing in and sustaining their relationship over the long term.

my beloved
The term "beloved" is a recurring and endearing term throughout the Song of Solomon, emphasizing the deep affection and personal connection between the lovers. In Hebrew, the word is "dod," which conveys a sense of intimacy and cherished companionship. This term underscores the personal and exclusive nature of the love shared between the couple, reflecting the biblical view of marriage as a sacred union ordained by God. It serves as a reminder of the profound and personal love that God has for His people, often depicted in Scripture as a bridegroom's love for his bride.