At that time
This phrase situates the events within a specific historical context. The events of Isaiah 39 occur after Hezekiah's illness and miraculous recovery, which are detailed in the preceding chapter. This period is during the late 8th century BC, a time of significant political upheaval in the Near East.

Merodach-baladan son of Baladan king of Babylon
Merodach-baladan was a historical figure known for his opposition to Assyrian dominance. He ruled Babylon intermittently and is noted for his attempts to assert Babylonian independence. His name, which includes the Babylonian god Marduk, reflects the religious and cultural milieu of Babylon. His interactions with Hezekiah highlight the geopolitical tensions of the era, as Babylon sought allies against Assyria.

sent letters and a gift to Hezekiah
The sending of letters and gifts was a common diplomatic practice in the ancient Near East, often used to establish alliances or express goodwill. This act by Merodach-baladan can be seen as an attempt to court Hezekiah's favor and possibly secure an alliance against their common enemy, Assyria. The gifts may have been intended to flatter Hezekiah and gain his trust.

for he had heard about Hezekiah’s illness and recovery
Hezekiah's illness and subsequent recovery were significant events, not only for Judah but also for surrounding nations. The miraculous nature of his recovery, as described in Isaiah 38, would have been seen as a sign of divine favor. This would have made Hezekiah an attractive ally for Merodach-baladan, who was seeking to strengthen his position against Assyria. The news of Hezekiah's recovery would have traveled quickly, given the interconnected nature of the ancient Near Eastern political landscape.

And Hezekiah welcomed the envoys gladly
Hezekiah's welcoming of the envoys from Babylon reflects a moment of pride and perhaps naivety. Historically, this event occurs after Hezekiah's miraculous recovery from illness and the defeat of the Assyrian army, which may have contributed to his sense of security and self-assurance. The envoys were sent by Merodach-Baladan, king of Babylon, likely to form an alliance against Assyria. This act of welcoming them gladly can be seen as a political maneuver, but it also reveals Hezekiah's failure to seek God's guidance in this matter, contrasting with his earlier reliance on God during the Assyrian threat.

and showed them what was in his treasure house—the silver, the gold, the spices, and the precious oil
Hezekiah's display of his wealth to the Babylonian envoys signifies a moment of pride and a lack of discernment. The treasures mentioned—silver, gold, spices, and precious oil—were symbols of wealth and prosperity in the ancient Near East. This act of showing his treasures can be seen as a breach of wisdom, as it exposed the kingdom's wealth to potential adversaries. Biblically, this act foreshadows the future Babylonian captivity, as these treasures would eventually be taken to Babylon (2 Kings 20:17). Theologically, it serves as a warning against pride and the temptation to trust in material wealth rather than in God.

as well as his entire armory—all that was found in his storehouses
By revealing his armory, Hezekiah not only showed his wealth but also his military capabilities. This act could be interpreted as an attempt to impress or form a military alliance with Babylon. However, it also exposed Judah's defenses to a future enemy. The armory's inclusion highlights the comprehensive nature of Hezekiah's disclosure, leaving nothing hidden. This indiscretion is a stark contrast to the biblical principle of relying on God for protection rather than military might (Psalm 20:7).

There was nothing in his palace or in all his dominion that Hezekiah did not show them
This phrase underscores the totality of Hezekiah's openness to the Babylonian envoys. It reflects a lack of discernment and foreshadows the consequences of such transparency. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the importance of humility and the dangers of pride. The complete exposure of his kingdom's wealth and resources can be seen as a failure to recognize the sovereignty of God over all things. This act ultimately leads to Isaiah's prophecy of the Babylonian exile, where all that Hezekiah showed would be taken away (Isaiah 39:6-7). This serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of pride and the importance of seeking God's wisdom in all matters.

Then the prophet Isaiah went to King Hezekiah
Isaiah, a major prophet in the Old Testament, served during the reigns of several kings of Judah, including Hezekiah. His role was to convey God's messages, often involving warnings and guidance. Hezekiah was a king known for his faithfulness to God, but he also made mistakes, as seen in this chapter. This encounter follows Hezekiah's recovery from illness and his display of wealth to Babylonian envoys, which Isaiah will address.

and asked, “Where did those men come from, and what did they say to you?”
Isaiah's questions are probing, indicating his awareness of the potential political and spiritual implications of Hezekiah's actions. The visit of the Babylonian envoys was significant, as Babylon was rising in power. Isaiah's inquiry suggests concern over Hezekiah's openness to foreign influence and the possible consequences for Judah.

“They came to me from a distant land,” Hezekiah replied,
Hezekiah's response highlights the geographical distance of Babylon, emphasizing its foreign nature. This distance also symbolizes the potential threat and allure of foreign alliances. In the ancient Near East, such alliances were common but often led to spiritual compromise, as foreign nations worshiped other gods.

“from Babylon.”
Babylon, at this time, was not yet the dominant empire it would become, but it was gaining influence. This mention foreshadows Babylon's future role in Judah's history, including the eventual Babylonian exile. The interaction with Babylon here is a precursor to the significant impact Babylon will have on the Jewish people, as prophesied by Isaiah and other prophets. This moment also serves as a type of Christ, as it points to the need for a faithful king who would not rely on foreign powers but on God alone, a role ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

“What have they seen in your palace?” Isaiah asked.
This question is posed by the prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah after the Babylonian envoys visited. The palace represents the center of Hezekiah's power and wealth. Isaiah's inquiry highlights the potential consequences of Hezekiah's actions, as showing the treasures to a foreign power could lead to future threats. This moment is pivotal, as it foreshadows the Babylonian exile. The palace, in the context of ancient Near Eastern culture, was not just a residence but a symbol of the king's authority and the nation's prosperity.

“They have seen everything in my palace,” answered Hezekiah.
Hezekiah's response indicates a lack of discernment and possibly pride. By showing "everything," he reveals the full extent of Judah's wealth and resources, which could entice Babylonian interest. This act of transparency, while seemingly hospitable, is imprudent given the political climate. Historically, this reflects the vulnerability of smaller kingdoms like Judah when interacting with emerging empires such as Babylon. Theologically, it underscores the theme of misplaced trust in human alliances rather than reliance on God.

“There is nothing among my treasures that I did not show them.”
Hezekiah's admission that he withheld nothing from the Babylonians suggests a complete exposure of Judah's assets. The term "treasures" encompasses not only material wealth but also the sacred and cultural heritage of the nation. This act can be seen as a breach of stewardship, as the king's role was to protect and preserve the nation's resources. Biblically, this moment serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of pride and the importance of wisdom in leadership. It also sets the stage for the prophetic warning of future Babylonian conquest and exile, as detailed in subsequent chapters of Isaiah.

Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah
Isaiah, a major prophet in the Hebrew Bible, is addressing King Hezekiah of Judah. Hezekiah was a king known for his faithfulness to God, as seen in his efforts to restore the worship of Yahweh and his reliance on God during the Assyrian siege of Jerusalem. This interaction occurs after Hezekiah's recovery from illness and his subsequent display of wealth to Babylonian envoys, which sets the stage for Isaiah's prophecy. The relationship between Isaiah and Hezekiah is significant, as Isaiah served as a spiritual advisor to the king, providing guidance and delivering God's messages.

“Hear the word of the LORD of Hosts:
The phrase "word of the LORD of Hosts" emphasizes the authority and power of the message being delivered. "LORD of Hosts" is a title that underscores God's sovereignty over the armies of heaven and earth, reflecting His ultimate control over all nations and events. This title is often used in contexts where God's power and majesty are being highlighted, especially in matters of judgment or deliverance. The call to "hear" indicates the importance and urgency of the message, suggesting that it carries significant consequences for Hezekiah and the nation of Judah. This phrase sets the tone for the prophecy that follows, which foretells the future Babylonian captivity, a pivotal event in Israel's history.

The time will surely come
This phrase indicates the certainty of the prophecy. It reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His word. Similar language is used in other prophetic contexts, such as in Habakkuk 2:3, emphasizing the inevitability of God's plans.

when everything in your palace
The palace represents the wealth and splendor of the kingdom. Historically, the palaces of Judah were filled with treasures and artifacts, signifying the prosperity of the nation. This prophecy foreshadows the eventual plundering by Babylon, as recorded in 2 Kings 24:13.

and all that your fathers have stored up until this day
This refers to the accumulated wealth and heritage of the nation, passed down through generations. It highlights the loss of not just material wealth but also cultural and historical legacy. The treasures stored by previous kings, such as Solomon, are included in this prophecy.

will be carried off to Babylon
Babylon, a rising power at the time, is identified as the future conqueror. This prophecy was fulfilled during the Babylonian exile, as detailed in 2 Kings 25:13-17. Babylon's role as an instrument of God's judgment is a recurring theme in the prophetic books.

Nothing will be left
This emphasizes the totality of the coming destruction and exile. It reflects the complete judgment that would befall Judah due to their disobedience. The phrase echoes the warnings given in Deuteronomy 28:49-52 about the consequences of turning away from God.

says the LORD
This affirms the divine authority behind the prophecy. It underscores that the message is not from Isaiah himself but from God. The phrase "says the LORD" is a common prophetic formula, reinforcing the authenticity and seriousness of the message.

And some of your descendants
This phrase indicates a future event concerning the lineage of King Hezekiah. It highlights the personal impact of the prophecy, emphasizing that it will affect his own family line. This prophecy was fulfilled during the Babylonian exile when members of the royal family were taken captive. The mention of "descendants" connects to the broader biblical theme of generational consequences of sin, as seen in Exodus 20:5.

your own flesh and blood
The phrase "your own flesh and blood" underscores the intimate and personal nature of the prophecy. It emphasizes the direct lineage from Hezekiah, making the prophecy more poignant. This personal connection serves as a reminder of the covenantal promises made to David's line, as seen in 2 Samuel 7:12-16, and the serious implications of turning away from God.

will be taken away
This part of the prophecy foretells the forced removal of Hezekiah's descendants, which historically occurred during the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem. The phrase "taken away" suggests captivity and exile, a common theme in the Old Testament, reflecting the consequences of Israel's disobedience. This aligns with the warnings given in Deuteronomy 28:36 regarding the consequences of not following God's commandments.

to be eunuchs
The term "eunuchs" refers to men who were often castrated and served in royal courts, particularly in positions of trust and authority. This was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures, including Babylon, to ensure loyalty and prevent the establishment of rival dynasties. The mention of eunuchs highlights the loss of identity and future for Hezekiah's descendants, as they would be unable to continue the family line, a significant concern in the context of Israel's covenantal promises.

in the palace of the king of Babylon.
This phrase specifies the location and authority under which the descendants would serve, indicating the shift of power from Jerusalem to Babylon. The "palace of the king of Babylon" symbolizes the center of pagan power and opposition to God's kingdom. This prophecy was fulfilled during the Babylonian exile, as seen in the accounts of Daniel and his companions, who served in the Babylonian court (Daniel 1:3-7). The reference to Babylon also connects to the broader biblical narrative of Babylon as a symbol of human pride and rebellion against God, as seen in Genesis 11:1-9 and Revelation 17-18.

But Hezekiah said to Isaiah,
Hezekiah, the king of Judah, is responding to the prophet Isaiah. This interaction follows Isaiah's prophecy about the future Babylonian captivity of Judah. Hezekiah's response is significant as it reflects his character and priorities. Historically, Hezekiah was a king who sought to follow God, as seen in his earlier reforms and reliance on God during the Assyrian threat (2 Kings 18-19). However, this moment reveals a more complex aspect of his leadership and personal concerns.

“The word of the LORD that you have spoken is good.”
Hezekiah's acceptance of Isaiah's prophecy as "good" is intriguing. It suggests a resignation to God's will, acknowledging the authority and truth of the prophetic word. This phrase can be compared to other biblical figures who accepted God's difficult pronouncements, such as Eli in 1 Samuel 3:18. It also reflects a common biblical theme of submission to God's sovereignty, even when the message is unfavorable.

For he thought,
This internal reflection provides insight into Hezekiah's mindset. It reveals a personal reasoning that contrasts with his outward acceptance. The Bible often records the thoughts of individuals to provide a deeper understanding of their motivations and spiritual state, as seen in passages like Genesis 6:5 and Matthew 9:4.

“At least there will be peace and security in my lifetime.”
Hezekiah's concern for peace and security during his own reign highlights a human tendency to prioritize immediate comfort over long-term consequences. This reflects a short-sightedness that can be seen in other biblical narratives, such as Esau selling his birthright for immediate gratification (Genesis 25:29-34). Theologically, it raises questions about stewardship and responsibility for future generations. The peace Hezekiah refers to is likely the absence of war and political stability, which were significant concerns for a king in the ancient Near East. This phrase also contrasts with the messianic hope of ultimate peace and security found in prophecies like Isaiah 9:6-7, pointing to a future fulfillment in Christ.