This is the word of the LORD
The phrase "the word of the LORD" signifies divine communication, a common expression in prophetic literature indicating that the message originates from God Himself. In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just a spoken word but an active, dynamic force that accomplishes God's will. This underscores the authority and power of the message Hosea is about to deliver, emphasizing that it is not merely human opinion but divine revelation.

that came to Hosea
The name "Hosea" means "salvation" or "deliverance" in Hebrew, reflecting the prophet's role in calling Israel back to God. The phrase "came to" suggests a divine encounter or commissioning, indicating that Hosea did not seek out this message on his own but was chosen by God to be His messenger. This highlights the concept of divine election and the responsibility of the prophet to faithfully convey God's message.

son of Beeri
"Beeri" means "my well" or "expounder" in Hebrew, though little is known about him. The mention of Hosea's father serves to authenticate the prophet's identity and lineage, grounding him in history and tradition. It also reflects the biblical emphasis on family and heritage, which were crucial in ancient Israelite society.

during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah
This historical context situates Hosea's ministry in a specific timeframe, spanning several decades. Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah, the southern kingdom. Their reigns were marked by varying degrees of faithfulness to God, with Hezekiah being noted for his reforms and return to worship of Yahweh. This period was one of political turmoil and spiritual decline, setting the stage for Hosea's urgent call to repentance.

and of Jeroboam son of Jehoash, king of Israel
Jeroboam II was a king of the northern kingdom of Israel, known for his military successes and economic prosperity. However, this prosperity led to moral and spiritual decay, as the people turned away from God. The mention of Jeroboam highlights the divided nature of the Israelite kingdom and the specific audience of Hosea's message. It underscores the theme of covenant unfaithfulness that permeates the book, as Israel's leaders and people have strayed from their commitment to God.

When the LORD first spoke through Hosea
This phrase marks the beginning of Hosea's prophetic ministry. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. The phrase "first spoke" indicates the initiation of a divine communication, setting the stage for Hosea's role as a prophet. The use of "through Hosea" underscores the concept of divine inspiration, where God uses human agents to convey His messages. This highlights the importance of Hosea's obedience and the gravity of his mission.

He said to Hosea
Here, the direct communication from God to Hosea is emphasized. The Hebrew verb "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) is often used in the context of divine revelation, indicating that what follows is of utmost importance. This personal address signifies the intimate relationship between God and His prophets, where God entrusts them with His words to deliver to the people.

Go, take for yourself a wife of prostitution
This command is both shocking and symbolic. The Hebrew word for "prostitution" (זְנוּנִים, zenunim) refers to unfaithfulness and harlotry. God's instruction to Hosea to marry a "wife of prostitution" serves as a living parable of Israel's unfaithfulness to God. It reflects the spiritual adultery of the Israelites, who have turned to other gods. This act is meant to illustrate the depth of Israel's betrayal and the pain it causes God, yet also His willingness to pursue and redeem.

and children of unfaithfulness
The phrase "children of unfaithfulness" (יְלָדֵי זְנוּנִים, yeladei zenunim) further extends the metaphor of Israel's infidelity. It suggests that the consequences of spiritual adultery are not limited to the immediate relationship but affect future generations. This highlights the pervasive nature of sin and its impact on the community. It also serves as a warning of the long-term effects of turning away from God.

because the land is committing blatant acts of prostitution
The "land" here symbolizes the people of Israel. The Hebrew word for "blatant acts of prostitution" (זָנָה, zanah) conveys a sense of shamelessness and persistence in unfaithfulness. This phrase underscores the severity of Israel's idolatry and moral decay. It is a call to recognize the depth of their sin and the need for repentance. The use of "land" also ties the people's spiritual state to the physical land, suggesting that their unfaithfulness has defiled the very ground they inhabit.

by forsaking the LORD
The root of Israel's sin is identified as "forsaking the LORD" (עָזַב, 'azab), which means to abandon or leave behind. This phrase captures the essence of Israel's spiritual adultery: a deliberate turning away from their covenant relationship with Yahweh. It serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of neglecting one's relationship with God. The call to return to the LORD is implicit, emphasizing His desire for reconciliation and the restoration of the covenant.

So he went and married Gomer
The phrase "So he went and married Gomer" marks a significant and symbolic act of obedience by the prophet Hosea. The Hebrew verb for "went" (וַיֵּלֶךְ, vayelech) implies a deliberate action, indicating Hosea's compliance with God's command despite the personal and social challenges it posed. The act of marrying Gomer, whose name means "completion" or "consumption," is symbolic of Israel's spiritual state. Gomer's character and actions are reflective of Israel's unfaithfulness to God, as she is described as a "promiscuous woman." This marriage serves as a living parable, illustrating the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where Israel has been unfaithful, yet God remains committed.

daughter of Diblaim
The mention of "daughter of Diblaim" provides a genealogical context, which is often used in the Bible to establish identity and heritage. Diblaim, meaning "fig cakes" or "clusters of figs," could symbolize abundance or sweetness, contrasting with Gomer's actions. This juxtaposition may highlight the disparity between Gomer's potential and her choices, much like Israel's potential as God's chosen people versus their idolatrous actions. The historical context suggests that names and lineage were significant in understanding one's role and destiny, further emphasizing the prophetic nature of Hosea's marriage.

and she conceived and bore him a son
The phrase "and she conceived and bore him a son" signifies the beginning of the fulfillment of God's message through Hosea's family life. The act of conception and birth is not only literal but also metaphorical, representing the fruit of Israel's unfaithfulness. The son, later named Jezreel, symbolizes God's impending judgment on the house of Jehu and the kingdom of Israel. In the Hebrew tradition, names are deeply significant, often reflecting divine messages or prophetic insights. This birth marks the start of a series of symbolic acts and names that convey God's displeasure with Israel's spiritual adultery and His call for repentance.

Then the LORD said to him
This phrase introduces a direct communication from God to the prophet Hosea. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with Israel. This divine instruction underscores the authority and seriousness of the message Hosea is about to receive. In the context of the prophetic tradition, such direct communication signifies the importance of the message and the role of the prophet as God's mouthpiece.

Name him Jezreel
The name "Jezreel" is significant both historically and symbolically. In Hebrew, "Jezreel" means "God sows" or "God scatters." This dual meaning reflects the impending judgment and future hope for Israel. Historically, Jezreel was a fertile valley and a site of significant bloodshed, particularly by Jehu, who executed God's judgment on the house of Ahab (2 Kings 9-10). Naming Hosea's son Jezreel serves as a prophetic sign, reminding Israel of past events and foreshadowing future consequences.

for soon I will bring the bloodshed of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu
This phrase refers to the violent actions of Jehu, who was anointed by God to destroy the house of Ahab but exceeded his mandate with excessive bloodshed. The Hebrew word for "bloodshed" is "dam," which can also mean "guilt" or "violence." God's declaration to "bring the bloodshed...upon the house of Jehu" indicates divine retribution for Jehu's actions. This serves as a reminder that while God uses human agents to fulfill His purposes, He holds them accountable for their actions.

and I will put an end to the kingdom of the house of Israel
This phrase foretells the impending judgment and destruction of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. The Hebrew word for "end" is "shavath," which means to cease or rest, indicating a complete cessation of the kingdom's existence. Historically, this prophecy was fulfilled with the Assyrian conquest of Israel in 722 BC. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of disobedience and idolatry, emphasizing the need for repentance and faithfulness to God's covenant.

On that day
This phrase signifies a specific time of divine intervention and judgment. In the Hebrew context, "that day" often refers to a moment when God acts decisively in history. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His control over the unfolding of events. The phrase underscores the certainty and imminence of God's actions, emphasizing that His plans are not arbitrary but are fulfilled in His perfect timing.

I will break
The Hebrew root for "break" is "shabar," which conveys the idea of shattering or destroying. This is a powerful image of God's judgment against Israel. It suggests not just a simple defeat but a complete dismantling of military power. The breaking of the bow symbolizes the end of Israel's reliance on military might and human strength, pointing to the futility of trusting in anything other than God.

the bow of Israel
The bow is a symbol of military strength and power. In ancient times, the bow was a crucial weapon in warfare, representing the ability to defend and conquer. By declaring that He will break the bow, God is indicating that He will remove Israel's ability to defend itself, highlighting their vulnerability without His protection. This serves as a call to repentance and reliance on God rather than on military prowess.

in the Valley of Jezreel
The Valley of Jezreel is a significant location in Israel's history, known for its fertile land and strategic importance. It was the site of many battles and a place where God's judgment was often executed. The name "Jezreel" itself means "God sows," which is fitting as it becomes a place where God sows judgment. This location serves as a reminder of the consequences of Israel's unfaithfulness and the reality of divine justice. The historical and geographical context of Jezreel underscores the seriousness of God's warning through Hosea, as it was a place where the nation's fate would be dramatically altered.

Gomer again conceived and gave birth to a daughter
The phrase "Gomer again conceived" indicates the continuation of Hosea's prophetic life, which is deeply intertwined with his family. Gomer, whose name means "completion" or "consumption," symbolizes the spiritual state of Israel. Her repeated conception signifies the ongoing cycle of Israel's unfaithfulness. The birth of a daughter, in this context, is significant as it represents a new phase in the prophetic message, emphasizing the nurturing aspect of God's relationship with His people, which is now being strained.

And the LORD said to Hosea
This phrase underscores the direct communication between God and His prophet, Hosea. The use of "the LORD" (YHWH) highlights the covenantal relationship God has with Israel. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His active role in guiding His people, even when delivering messages of judgment. Hosea's role as a prophet is to faithfully convey God's words, serving as a bridge between the divine and the human.

Name her Lo-ruhamah
The name "Lo-ruhamah" is deeply symbolic, meaning "not pitied" or "not loved." In Hebrew, "Lo" is a negation, and "ruhamah" comes from the root "racham," which means to have compassion or mercy. This name is a prophetic declaration of the withdrawal of God's mercy from Israel. It serves as a stark warning to the nation about the consequences of their persistent idolatry and unfaithfulness. The naming of Hosea's children is a powerful tool used by God to communicate His message to Israel.

for I will no longer have compassion on the house of Israel
This phrase reveals the gravity of Israel's situation. The "house of Israel" refers to the northern kingdom, which had turned away from God. The withdrawal of divine compassion is a serious pronouncement, indicating that the period of grace is coming to an end. Historically, this reflects the impending Assyrian conquest and exile. God's compassion is not infinite when met with continual rebellion, and this serves as a sobering reminder of the need for repentance and faithfulness.

that I should ever forgive them
The phrase "that I should ever forgive them" emphasizes the finality of God's judgment at this point in Israel's history. Forgiveness, in the biblical sense, involves a restoration of relationship, which Israel has repeatedly spurned. This does not imply that God's nature is unforgiving, but rather that Israel's persistent sin has led to a point where divine justice must be enacted. It is a call to recognize the seriousness of sin and the importance of returning to God before reaching such a point of no return. This serves as a powerful reminder of the balance between God's justice and mercy.

Yet I will have compassion
The Hebrew word for "compassion" here is "רָחַם" (racham), which conveys a deep, tender love and mercy. This word is often used to describe God's covenantal love for His people, a love that is steadfast and enduring despite their unfaithfulness. In the context of Hosea, where Israel is depicted as an unfaithful spouse, this compassion underscores God's unwavering commitment to His covenant promises. It is a reminder that God's love is not based on human merit but on His own gracious character.

on the house of Judah
The "house of Judah" refers to the southern kingdom, which remained after the division of Israel following Solomon's reign. Historically, Judah was often more faithful to God than the northern kingdom of Israel, though it too had periods of rebellion. This distinction highlights God's selective mercy and the importance of faithfulness. Judah's preservation is a testament to God's promise to David that his lineage would endure, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, the Lion of the tribe of Judah.

and will deliver them
The Hebrew root "יָשַׁע" (yasha) means to save or deliver. This deliverance is not just a physical rescue but also a spiritual salvation. In the biblical narrative, God often delivers His people from their enemies, but this deliverance also points to the ultimate salvation through Christ. The promise of deliverance for Judah foreshadows the greater deliverance from sin and death that Jesus provides.

not by bow or sword or war
This phrase emphasizes that Judah's deliverance will not come through conventional military means. The bow and sword are symbols of human strength and warfare. Historically, Israel often relied on military alliances and weapons for security, but God is declaring that true deliverance comes from Him alone. This is a call to trust in divine power rather than human might, echoing the biblical theme that "the battle is the LORD's" (1 Samuel 17:47).

not by horses and cavalry
Horses and cavalry were symbols of military power and speed in ancient times. The reliance on such forces was common among nations, but God is making it clear that His ways are not the ways of the world. This statement is a rebuke of Israel's tendency to trust in military alliances, particularly with Egypt, known for its horses and chariots. It serves as a reminder that God's people are to rely on Him alone for their security and salvation.

but by the LORD their God
The phrase "by the LORD their God" underscores the source of true deliverance. The Hebrew name for God here is "יהוה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. This deliverance is a divine act, rooted in God's character and His relationship with His people. It is a powerful reminder that God is sovereign and His plans will prevail, regardless of human circumstances. This assurance of divine intervention encourages believers to place their trust in God's providence and faithfulness.

After she had weaned Lo-ruhamah
The phrase "After she had weaned Lo-ruhamah" marks a significant transition in the narrative of Hosea. The name "Lo-ruhamah" means "not loved" or "not pitied" in Hebrew, reflecting God's temporary withdrawal of mercy from Israel due to their persistent unfaithfulness. The weaning process in ancient Israel typically occurred around the age of three, symbolizing a period of growth and development. This transition signifies a shift in God's dealings with Israel, moving from a period of withheld compassion to a new phase in His divine plan. The weaning also suggests a time of preparation for what is to come, both in the life of the child and in the unfolding account of Israel.

Gomer conceived again
The phrase "Gomer conceived again" indicates the continuation of God's message through the prophet Hosea's family life. Gomer, representing Israel, continues in her unfaithfulness, yet God remains involved in the unfolding narrative. The act of conception here is not just a biological event but a symbolic act that carries a prophetic message. It underscores the ongoing cycle of sin and redemption that characterizes the relationship between God and His people. This conception is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to use even the brokenness of human relationships to convey His purposes.

and gave birth to a son
The phrase "and gave birth to a son" completes the cycle of conception and birth, introducing a new character into the prophetic narrative. In the context of Hosea, the birth of each child serves as a living symbol of God's message to Israel. Sons in biblical times were often seen as carriers of the family lineage and legacy, and this son would carry a name that further communicates God's message to His people. The birth of this son is a testament to God's ongoing engagement with Israel, despite their unfaithfulness, and His desire to communicate His truth and call them back to Himself. This act of giving birth is a powerful reminder of the new beginnings and opportunities for redemption that God offers to His people.

And the LORD said
This phrase establishes divine authority and the direct communication from God to the prophet Hosea. The Hebrew term for "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with Israel. This introduction underscores the seriousness and gravity of the message that follows, as it is not merely Hosea's words but a divine pronouncement.

Name him Lo-ammi
The name "Lo-ammi" is Hebrew for "not my people." In the ancient Near Eastern context, names were often prophetic or descriptive of one's destiny or character. By instructing Hosea to name his son "Lo-ammi," God is symbolically declaring a severance of the covenant relationship with Israel. This act of naming is both a judgment and a call to repentance, highlighting the broken relationship due to Israel's unfaithfulness.

for you are not My people
This phrase is a direct reversal of the covenant language found in passages like Exodus 6:7, where God promises, "I will take you as My people, and I will be your God." The Hebrew word for "people" is "am," which signifies a collective identity and belonging. By stating "not My people," God is expressing the profound consequences of Israel's idolatry and disobedience, which have led to a breach in their covenantal identity.

and I am not your God
This statement is the culmination of the judgment pronounced in this verse. The Hebrew phrase "lo ehyeh lakem" echoes the divine name "I AM" (Exodus 3:14), which signifies God's eternal presence and faithfulness. By declaring "I am not your God," the Lord is indicating a withdrawal of His protective and providential presence, a devastating consequence for a nation that relied on His favor and guidance. This serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of covenant unfaithfulness and the need for repentance and restoration.

Yet the number of the Israelites
This phrase begins with a promise of restoration and hope. The Hebrew word for "Israelites" is "Yisra'el," which means "God prevails." Historically, the Israelites were the descendants of Jacob, who was renamed Israel after wrestling with God. This phrase signifies the continuation and growth of God's chosen people, despite their current state of judgment and exile. It reflects God's covenantal faithfulness to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, promising that their descendants would be numerous.

will be like the sand of the sea
The imagery of "sand of the sea" is a direct reference to the Abrahamic covenant found in Genesis 22:17, where God promises Abraham that his descendants will be as numerous as the stars in the sky and the sand on the seashore. This metaphor emphasizes the vastness and immeasurable nature of God's blessing. It serves as a reminder of God's unchanging promises and His ability to bring about His purposes despite human unfaithfulness.

which cannot be measured or counted
This phrase underscores the infinite nature of God's promise. The inability to measure or count the Israelites signifies the boundless grace and mercy of God. It reflects the divine assurance that God's plans for His people transcend human limitations and understanding. Historically, this would have been a powerful message of hope to a nation facing judgment and dispersion.

And in the place where it was said to them, 'You are not My people,'
This part of the verse refers to the judgment pronounced earlier in Hosea, where God declares that Israel is "Lo-Ammi," meaning "not My people" (Hosea 1:9). The phrase "in the place" suggests a reversal of fortune and status. It highlights the transformative power of God's grace, where a place of rejection becomes a place of acceptance. This reflects the theme of redemption and reconciliation that runs throughout the Bible.

they will be called 'sons of the living God.'
The term "sons of the living God" signifies a restored relationship and identity. The Hebrew word for "sons" is "ben," which implies a familial relationship, indicating intimacy and belonging. The "living God" contrasts with the lifeless idols that Israel had turned to, emphasizing the vitality and sovereignty of the true God. This phrase points to the New Testament fulfillment in Christ, where believers are adopted as children of God (John 1:12, Romans 8:14-17). It is a powerful declaration of God's redemptive plan, offering hope and assurance of His everlasting love and faithfulness.

The people of Judah and the people of Israel
This phrase refers to the divided kingdoms of Judah and Israel, which split after the reign of Solomon. Historically, this division led to separate political and religious developments. The Hebrew root words for "Judah" (יְהוּדָה, Yehudah) and "Israel" (יִשְׂרָאֵל, Yisra'el) carry significant meanings: "Judah" means "praise," and "Israel" means "God prevails." The prophecy of their reunification symbolizes a future hope for unity among God's people, transcending past divisions and conflicts.

will be reunited
The Hebrew word used here implies a gathering or assembling together. This reunification is not merely political but also spiritual, indicating a restoration of the covenant relationship with God. Historically, this points to a future hope beyond the immediate context of Hosea's time, suggesting a messianic fulfillment where the divided people of God come together under one faith and purpose.

and they will appoint one leader
The "one leader" is often interpreted as a messianic figure, a king from the line of David who will rule over a united Israel. The Hebrew word for "leader" (רֹאשׁ, rosh) can also mean "head" or "chief," indicating a position of authority and guidance. This prophecy points to the ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the promised Messiah and the spiritual leader of a united people of God.

and will come up out of the land
This phrase suggests a movement or exodus, reminiscent of the Israelites' journey from Egypt. The Hebrew verb used here can mean to ascend or rise, indicating a return to a place of prominence or blessing. It symbolizes a spiritual awakening and a return to God's favor, as well as a physical return to the Promised Land, which holds deep historical and theological significance.

for great will be the day of Jezreel
"Jezreel" is a name with dual significance. Historically, it was a place of judgment and bloodshed, but the Hebrew root (יִזְרְעֶאל, Yizre'el) means "God sows." This duality reflects both judgment and hope. The "day of Jezreel" signifies a time when God will sow His people back into the land, restoring and blessing them. It is a prophetic vision of redemption and renewal, where past judgments are transformed into future blessings through God's sovereign plan.