Exodus 29:2
New International Version
And from the finest wheat flour make round loaves without yeast, thick loaves without yeast and with olive oil mixed in, and thin loaves without yeast and brushed with olive oil.

New Living Translation
Then, using choice wheat flour and no yeast, make loaves of bread, thin cakes mixed with olive oil, and wafers spread with oil.

English Standard Version
and unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers smeared with oil. You shall make them of fine wheat flour.

Berean Standard Bible
along with unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour,

King James Bible
And unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of wheaten flour shalt thou make them.

New King James Version
and unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil (you shall make them of wheat flour).

New American Standard Bible
and unleavened bread and unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil; you shall make them of fine wheat flour.

NASB 1995
and unleavened bread and unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil; you shall make them of fine wheat flour.

NASB 1977
and unleavened bread and unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil; you shall make them of fine wheat flour.

Legacy Standard Bible
and unleavened bread and unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil; you shall make them of fine wheat flour.

Amplified Bible
and unleavened bread and unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil; you shall make them of fine wheat flour.

Christian Standard Bible
with unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers coated with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
with unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers coated with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour,

American Standard Version
and unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened mingled with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of fine wheaten flour shalt thou make them.

Contemporary English Version
Then from your finest flour make three batches of dough without yeast. Shape some of it into larger loaves, some into smaller loaves mixed with olive oil, and the rest into thin wafers brushed with oil.

English Revised Version
and unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened mingled with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of fine wheaten flour shalt thou make them.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Use the finest wheat flour, but no yeast, and bake some loaves of bread, some rings of bread made with olive oil, and some wafers brushed with olive oil.

Good News Translation
Use the best wheat flour, but no yeast, and make some bread with olive oil, some without it, and some in the form of thin cakes brushed with oil.

International Standard Version
unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil, which you are to make from fine wheat flour.

Majority Standard Bible
along with unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour,

NET Bible
and bread made without yeast, and perforated cakes without yeast mixed with oil, and wafers without yeast spread with oil--you are to make them using fine wheat flour.

New Heart English Bible
unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil: you shall make them of fine wheat flour.

Webster's Bible Translation
And unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil; of wheat flour shalt thou make them.

World English Bible
unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. You shall make them of fine wheat flour.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and unleavened bread, and unleavened cakes anointed with oil; you make them of fine wheat flour,

Young's Literal Translation
and bread unleavened, and cakes unleavened anointed with oil, of fine wheaten flour thou dost make them,

Smith's Literal Translation
And unleavened bread, and unleavened cakes, poured over with oil, and thin unleavened cakes, anointed with oil: of fine flour of wheat thou shalt make them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And unleavened bread, and a cake without leaven, tempered with oil, wafers also unleavened anointed with oil: thou shalt make them all of wheaten flour.

Catholic Public Domain Version
and unleavened bread, and a crust without leaven that has been sprinkled with oil, likewise, unleavened cakes smeared with oil. You shall make them all from the same wheat flour.

New American Bible
With bran flour make unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil,

New Revised Standard Version
and unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil. You shall make them of choice wheat flour.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And unleavened bread and unleavened cakes mixed with oil and unleavened wafers mixed with oil; of fine wheat flour shall you make them.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil and unleavened cakes mixed with oil, you shall make them of ground wheat.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
and unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened mingled with oil, and wafers unleavened spread with oil; of fine wheaten flour shalt thou make them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and unleavened loaves kneaded with oil, and unleavened cakes anointed with oil: thou shalt make them of fine flour of wheat.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Consecration of the Priests
1“Now this is what you are to do to consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve Me as priests: Take a young bull and two rams without blemish, 2along with unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour, 3put them in a basket, and present them in the basket, along with the bull and the two rams.…

Cross References
Leviticus 2:4
Now if you bring an offering of grain baked in an oven, it must consist of fine flour, either unleavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers coated with oil.

Leviticus 24:5-9
You are also to take fine flour and bake twelve loaves, using two-tenths of an ephah for each loaf, / and set them in two rows—six per row—on the table of pure gold before the LORD. / And you are to place pure frankincense near each row, so that it may serve as a memorial portion for the bread, a food offering to the LORD. ...

Numbers 6:15
together with their grain offerings and drink offerings—and a basket of unleavened cakes made from fine flour mixed with oil and unleavened wafers coated with oil.

1 Chronicles 23:29
as well as for the rows of the showbread, the fine flour for the grain offering, the wafers of unleavened bread, the baking, the mixing, and all measurements of quantity and size.

Ezekiel 45:17
And it shall be the prince’s part to provide the burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings for the feasts, New Moons, and Sabbaths—for all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel. He will provide the sin offerings, grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.

Matthew 12:4
He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread, which was not lawful for them to eat, but only for the priests.

Mark 2:26
During the high priesthood of Abiathar, he entered the house of God and ate the consecrated bread, which was lawful only for the priests. And he gave some to his companions as well.”

Luke 6:4
He entered the house of God, took the consecrated bread and gave it to his companions, and ate what is lawful only for the priests to eat.”

John 6:31-35
Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, as it is written: ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’” / Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I tell you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but it is My Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. / For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” ...

1 Corinthians 5:8
Therefore let us keep the feast, not with the old bread, leavened with malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and of truth.

Hebrews 9:2
A tabernacle was prepared. In its first room were the lampstand, the table, and the consecrated bread. This was called the Holy Place.

Leviticus 8:26
And from the basket of unleavened bread that was before the LORD, he took one cake of unleavened bread, one cake of bread made with oil, and one wafer, and he placed them on the fat portions and on the right thigh.

Leviticus 7:12-13
If he offers it in thanksgiving, then along with the sacrifice of thanksgiving he shall offer unleavened cakes mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers coated with oil, and well-kneaded cakes of fine flour mixed with oil. / Along with his peace offering of thanksgiving he is to present an offering with cakes of leavened bread.

1 Samuel 21:4-6
“There is no common bread on hand,” the priest replied, “but there is some consecrated bread—provided that the young men have kept themselves from women.” / David answered, “Women have indeed been kept from us, as is usual when I set out. And the bodies of the young men are holy even on common missions. How much more so today!” / So the priest gave him the consecrated bread, since there was no bread there but the Bread of the Presence, which had been removed from before the LORD and replaced with hot bread on the day it was taken away.

1 Kings 7:48
Solomon also made all the furnishings for the house of the LORD: the golden altar; the golden table on which was placed the Bread of the Presence;


Treasury of Scripture

And unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of wheaten flour shall you make them.

bread

Exodus 12:8
And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.

Leviticus 2:4
And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil.

Leviticus 6:20-22
This is the offering of Aaron and of his sons, which they shall offer unto the LORD in the day when he is anointed; the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a meat offering perpetual, half of it in the morning, and half thereof at night…

tempered

Exodus 29:23
And one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of the unleavened bread that is before the LORD:

Leviticus 2:4,5,15
And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil…

Leviticus 7:10
And every meat offering, mingled with oil, and dry, shall all the sons of Aaron have, one as much as another.

wafers

Leviticus 7:12
If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour, fried.

Leviticus 8:26
And out of the basket of unleavened bread, that was before the LORD, he took one unleavened cake, and a cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, and put them on the fat, and upon the right shoulder:

Numbers 6:15,19
And a basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil, and their meat offering, and their drink offerings…

Jump to Previous
Anointed Best Bread Cakes Fine Flour Mingled Mixed Oil Spread Tempered Thin Unleavened Wafers Wheat Wheaten Yeast
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Anointed Best Bread Cakes Fine Flour Mingled Mixed Oil Spread Tempered Thin Unleavened Wafers Wheat Wheaten Yeast
Exodus 29
1. The sacrifice and ceremonies of consecrating the priests and the altar
38. The continual burnt offerings
45. God's promise to dwell among the children of Israel














fine wheat flour
The Hebrew word for "fine wheat flour" is "סֹלֶת" (solet), which refers to the finest, most refined flour available. This choice of ingredient signifies purity and quality, reflecting the holiness and perfection required in offerings to God. In ancient Israel, wheat was a staple, and its finest form was reserved for sacred purposes, symbolizing the best of what humanity can offer to the divine.

make round loaves
The instruction to "make round loaves" indicates a specific shape and form, which in ancient Near Eastern culture, often symbolized completeness and unity. The roundness of the loaves could represent the wholeness and perfection of God's creation and His covenant with Israel. This act of shaping the loaves is a reminder of the intentionality and care required in worship.

unleavened cakes
The term "unleavened" comes from the Hebrew "מַצּוֹת" (matzot), meaning bread without yeast. Leaven, or yeast, often symbolizes sin and corruption in the Bible. Therefore, unleavened cakes represent purity and the absence of sin, aligning with the call for holiness in the presence of God. Historically, unleavened bread was also a reminder of the Israelites' hasty departure from Egypt, emphasizing readiness and obedience.

mixed with oil
Oil, particularly olive oil, was a valuable commodity in ancient Israel, symbolizing richness, blessing, and the presence of the Holy Spirit. The act of mixing oil with the unleavened cakes signifies the infusion of divine grace and anointing into the offering. It highlights the necessity of the Holy Spirit's presence in acts of worship and dedication.

unleavened wafers
The "wafers" mentioned here are thin, flat pieces of bread, again emphasizing the absence of leaven. The simplicity and plainness of wafers can be seen as a call to humility and sincerity in worship. In the broader scriptural context, wafers are often associated with the manna provided by God in the wilderness, symbolizing His provision and sustenance.

coated with oil
The act of coating the wafers with oil further emphasizes the theme of anointing and consecration. In biblical times, anointing with oil was a common practice for setting apart individuals or objects for sacred purposes. This coating signifies the dedication of the offering to God, ensuring that every aspect of the sacrifice is permeated with His presence and blessing.

(2) Unleavened bread.--Unleavened bread seems to have been required as purer than leavened, since fermentation was viewed as a species of corruption.

Cakes . . . tempered with oil.--Rather, cakes that have had oil poured over them. A tolerably thick cake is intended.

Wafers.--These were cakes, or biscuits, extremely thin and unsubstantial, as is implied by the etymology of the term used. Oil is commonly eaten with cakes of both kinds by the Orientals.

Verse 2 - Unleavened bread was regarded as purer than leavened, since fermentation is a sort of corruption. See the comment on Exodus 12:15. Cakes tempered with oil. Literally, "mixed with oil," i.e., having oil as one of their ingredients, in contrast with the wafers, which had oil poured over them.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
along with unleavened
מַצּ֗וֹת (maṣ·ṣō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 4682: Sweetness, sweet, an unfermented cake, loaf, the festival of Passover

bread,
וְלֶ֣חֶם (wə·le·ḥem)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3899: Food, bread, grain

unleavened
מַצֹּת֙ (maṣ·ṣōṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 4682: Sweetness, sweet, an unfermented cake, loaf, the festival of Passover

cakes
וְחַלֹּ֤ת (wə·ḥal·lōṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 2471: A cake (a type used in offerings)

mixed
בְּלוּלֹ֣ת (bə·lū·lōṯ)
Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine plural
Strong's 1101: To mingle, mix, confuse, confound

with oil,
בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן (baš·še·men)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8081: Grease, liquid, richness

and unleavened
מַצּ֖וֹת (maṣ·ṣō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 4682: Sweetness, sweet, an unfermented cake, loaf, the festival of Passover

wafers
וּרְקִיקֵ֥י (ū·rə·qî·qê)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 7550: Thin cake, wafer

anointed
מְשֻׁחִ֣ים (mə·šu·ḥîm)
Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural
Strong's 4886: To rub with oil, to anoint, to consecrate, to paint

with oil.
בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן (baš·šā·men)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8081: Grease, liquid, richness

Make
תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה (ta·‘ă·śeh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

them out of fine wheat
חִטִּ֖ים (ḥiṭ·ṭîm)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 2406: Wheat

flour,
סֹ֥לֶת (sō·leṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 5560: Fine flour


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OT Law: Exodus 29:2 Unleavened bread unleavened cakes mixed with oil (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 29:1
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