2 Chronicles 19:11

And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters of the LORD; and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah, for all the king's matters: also the Levites shall be officers before you. Deal courageously, and the LORD shall be with the good.

EXPOSITORY (ENGLISH BIBLE)

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) And behold.—For the form of the sentence, comp. 1Chronicles 28:21.

Amariah the chief priest.—Rather, High Priest (ha-rosh), the Head (2Chronicles 24:6). Vulg., “sacerdos et pontifex vester.” In 1Chronicles 6:11 Amariah is the fifth from Zadok, the famous High Priest of David and Solomon’s time. As Jehoshaphat was the fifth king from David, the name Amariah probably denotes the same person in both places.

Over you in all matters of the Lord.—The High Priest was naturally declared the President of the Court in all spiritual cases (see on 2Chronicles 19:8).

Zebadiah the son of Ishmael (or, Zachariah the son of Shemaiah, Syr. and Arab.) “the ruler of the house of Judah,” the nagîd, emîr, or tribal prince, was appointed President of the Court in civil causes (“for all the king’s matters”).

Also the Levites shall be officers.—Literally. And Writers shall the Levites be; inferior officials of the Court, such as scribes and notaries.

Before you.—In your presence, and under your direction (2Chronicles 14:5).

Deal courageously.—Literally, be strong and act. A favourite locution of the chronicler’s. (Comp. 1Chronicles 28:10; 1Chronicles 28:20.)

The Lord shall be.—Or, Jehovah be! a wish or prayer. This too is a characteristic expression of the writer. (Comp. 1Chronicles 9:20, 1Chronicles 15:2, 1 Chron. 20:17.)

Benson Commentary

2 Chronicles 19:11. The chief priest is over you — Shall be your president to direct and assist you; in all matters of the Lord — In spiritual or ecclesiastical matters. And Zebadiah, the ruler of the house of Judah — The prince, or chief ruler, under the king, of the tribe of Judah; for all the king’s matters — For civil causes, or controversies, either between the king and his people, or between subject and subject, which may be called the king’s matters, because it was a principal part of his office to see them justly decided. The Levites shall be officers before you — Shall be at your command, to see your just sentences executed; which work was fitly committed to the Levites, as persons who might add their instructions to the corrections, and might bring the guilty to an acknowledgment of their fault, and a submission to their punishment. Deal courageously — Act with resolution, and fear not the face of man; but be bold and daring in the discharge of your duty. And the Lord shall be with the good — Shall protect and bless good judges in their pronouncing just sentences, and doing good things.

Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary

19:1-11 Jehoshaphat visits his kingdom. - Whenever we return in peace to our houses, we ought to acknowledge God's providence in preserving our going out and coming in. And if we have been kept through more than common dangers, we are, in a special manner, bound to be thankful. Distinguishing mercies lay us under strong obligations. The prophet tells Jehoshaphat he had done very ill in joining Ahab. He took the reproof well. See the effect the reproof had upon him. He strictly searched his own kingdom. By what the prophet said, Jehoshaphat perceived that his former attempts for reformation were well-pleasing to God; therefore he did what was then left undone. It is good when commendations quicken us to our duty. There are diversities of gifts and operations, but all from the same Spirit, and for the public good; and as every one has received the gift, so let him minister the same. Blessed be God for magistrates and ministers, scribes and statesmen, men of books, and men of business. Observe the charge the king gave. They must do all in the fear of the Lord, with a perfect, upright heart. And they must make it their constant care to prevent sin, as an offence to God, and what would bring wrath on the people.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

In religious causes, Amariah, the high priest, was to preside over the court; in civil or criminal causes, Zebadiah was to be president. And to Levites, other than the judges, he assigned the subordinate offices about the court.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

2Ch 19:8-11. To the Priests and Levites.

8. set of the Levites … priests, and of the chief of the fathers of Israel—A certain number of these three classes constituted a supreme court, which sat in Jerusalem to review appellate cases from the inferior courts. It consisted of two divisions: the first of which had jurisdiction in ecclesiastical matters; the second, in civil, fiscal, and criminal cases. According to others, the two divisions of the supreme court adjudicated: the one according to the law contained in the sacred books; the other according to the law of custom and equity. As in Eastern countries at the present day, the written and unwritten law are objects of separate jurisdiction.

Matthew Poole's Commentary

Is over you; shall be your president to direct and assist you.

In all matters of the Lord; in spiritual or ecclesiastical matters.

The ruler of the house of Judah; either,

1. The prince, or chief ruler, under the king, of the tribe of Judah, which is called

the house of Judah, 2 Samuel 2:4,7,10 1 Kings 12:21,23 1 Chronicles 28:4 Jeremiah 13:11 Ezekiel 4:6. Or,

2. The ruler of the king’s house, which also seems to be called the house of Judah, 2 Chronicles 22:10, and more fitly the king’s house of Judah, Jeremiah 22:6. And who so fit to manage the king’s matters as the ruler of the king’s house?

For all the king’s matters; for civil causes or controversies which might arise either between the king and his people, or between subject and subject, which may be called the king’s matters, because it was a principal part of his office to see them justly decided.

The Levites shall be officers before you; they shall be at your command to see your just sentences executed; which work was fitly committed to the Levites, as persons who might add their instructions to the corrections, and might work the guilty to an acknowledgment of their fault, and a submission to their punishment. And so this is an argument to encourage the judges to proceed courageously and vigorously in their work, because they had the Levites to stand by them and assist them.

The Lord shall be with the good, i. e. shall protect and bless good judges in their doing of good and just things.

Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters of the Lord,.... He being high priest, presided in this court in all things sacred, or which respected the worship of God; and was present to give his advice, and direct in the determination of all such matters that should come before them, according to the laws and statutes provided in such cases; though it may be he was only a common priest that was chief over them, or the president of this court:

and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah; the prince of the tribe of Judah:

for all the king's matters; such as related to civil government, and which were not so clearly determined by positive laws:

also the Levites shall be officers before you; to execute the sentences that should be passed by them:

deal courageously; fear not the faces of any, but judge righteously and faithfully:

and the Lord shall be with the good; with good men that do good, to bestow all needful good upon them, to protect and defend them; the Targum is,"the Word of the Lord shall be for your help, who is good.''

Geneva Study Bible

And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters of the LORD; and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah, for all the {h} king's matters: also the Levites shall be officers {i} before you. Deal courageously, and the LORD shall be with the {k} good.

(h) Shall be chief overseer of the public affairs of the realm.

(i) They will have the handling of inferior causes.

(k) God will assist them that do justice.

EXEGETICAL (ORIGINAL LANGUAGES)

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. Amariah] Perhaps he who is mentioned 1 Chronicles 6:11 [5:37, Heb.].

officers before you] i.e. waiting to execute your instructions.

Deal courageously] Render, Be strong and work (as in Haggai 2:4).

shall be with the good] R.V. be with the good (a blessing rather than a promise).

Pulpit Commentary

Verse 11. - Amariah. Probably the Amariah of 1 Chronicles 7:11. To the priest plainly the sacred causes are entrusted. Zebadiah is not known elsewhere. Officers (see Exodus 5:10). The Lord shall be with the good (see 2 Chronicles 15:3, 4).



2 Chronicles 19:11

Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament

To the members of the superior tribunal also, Jehoshaphat gave orders to exercise their office in the fear of the Lord, with fidelity and with upright heart (שׁלם בּלבב, corde s. animo integro, cf. 2 Chronicles 15:17; 2 Chronicles 16:9). תעשׂוּן כּה, thus shall ye do; what they are to do being stated only in 2 Chronicles 19:10. The w before כּל־ריב is explicative, namely, and is omitted by the lxx and Vulg. as superfluous. "Every cause which comes to you from your brethren who dwell in their cities" (and bring causes before the superior court in the following cases): between blood and blood (בּין with ל following, as in Genesis 1:6, etc.), i.e., in criminal cases of murder and manslaughter, and between law and between command, statutes, and judgments, i.e., in cases where the matter concerns the interpretation and application of the law, and its individual commands, statutes, and judgments, to particular crimes; wherever, in short, there is any doubt by what particular provision of the law the case in hand should be decided. With והזהרתּם the apodosis commences, but it is an anacolouthon. Instead of "ye shall give them instruction therein," we have, "ye shall teach them (those who bring the cause before you), that they incur not guilt, and an anger (i.e., God's anger and punishment) come upon you and your brethren" (cf. 2 Chronicles 19:2). הזהיר, properly to illuminate, metaphorically to teach, with the additional idea of exhortation or warning. The word is taken from Exodus 18:20, and there is construed c. accus. pers. et rei. This construction is here also the underlying one, since the object which precedes in the absolute is to be taken as accus.: thus, and as regards every cause, ye shall teach them concerning it. After the enumeration of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of this court, תעשׂוּן כּה is repeated, and this precept is then pressed home upon the judges by the words, "that ye incur not guilt." Thereafter (in 2 Chronicles 19:11) Jehoshaphat nominates the spiritual and civil presidents of this tribunal: for spiritual causes the high priest Amariah, who is not the same as the Amariah mentioned after Zadok as the fifth high priest (1 Chronicles 6:11); in civil causes Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the prince of the house of Judah, i.e., tribal prince of Judah. These shall be עליכם over you, i.e., presidents of the judges; and שׁטרים, writers, shall the Levites be לפניכם, before you, i.e., as your assistants and servants. Jehoshaphat concludes the nomination of the judicial staff with the encouraging words, "Be strong (courageous) and do," i.e., go to work with good heart, "and the Lord be with the good," i.e., with him who discharges the duties of his office well.

The establishment of this superior court was in form, indeed, the commencement of a new institution; but in reality it was only the expansion or firmer organization of a court of final appeal already provided by Moses, the duties of which had been until then performed partly by the high priest, partly by the existing civil heads of the people (the judges and kings). When Moses, at Horeb, set judges over the people, he commanded them to bring to him the matters which were too difficult for them to decide, that he might settle them according to decisions obtained of God (Exodus 18:26 and Exodus 18:19). At a later time he ordained (Deuteronomy 17:8.) that for the future the judges in the various districts and cities should bring the more difficult cases to the Levitic priests and the judge at the place where the central sanctuary was, and let them be decided by them. In thus arranging, he presupposes that Israel would have at all times not only a high priest who might ascertain the will of God by means of the Urim and Thummim, but also a supreme director of its civil affairs at the place of the central sanctuary, who, in common with the priests, i.e., the high priest, would give decisions in cases of final appeal (see the commentary on Deuteronomy 17:8-13). On the basis of these Mosaic arrangements, Jehoshaphat set up a supreme court in Jerusalem, with the high priest and a lay president at its head, for the decision of causes which up till that time the king, either alone with the cooperation of the high priest, had decided. For further information as to this supreme court, see in my bibl. Archol. ii. S. 250f.