Topical Bible: Spear: Different Kinds of Javelins

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In biblical times, the spear was a common weapon used in warfare and hunting. It is mentioned numerous times throughout the Scriptures, serving as a symbol of power, authority, and divine intervention. The spear, or javelin, was a versatile weapon, and different kinds were used depending on the context and purpose.

1. General Description and Use:
The spear typically consisted of a long shaft, often made of wood, with a pointed metal tip. It was designed for both throwing and thrusting, making it an effective weapon in battle. The spear's length allowed soldiers to engage enemies from a distance, providing a tactical advantage.

2. Biblical References:
The spear is frequently mentioned in the Bible, highlighting its significance in ancient warfare. One of the most notable references is the spear of Goliath, the Philistine giant defeated by David. In 1 Samuel 17:7, the Berean Standard Bible describes Goliath's spear: "The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels. In addition, his shield bearer went before him."

Another significant mention is the spear of King Saul. In 1 Samuel 18:10-11, Saul attempts to pin David to the wall with his spear: "The next day a spirit of distress sent from God came upon Saul, and he began to prophesy inside the house while David was playing the harp as usual. Saul was holding a spear, and he hurled it, thinking, 'I will pin David to the wall.' But David eluded him twice."

3. Types of Spears:
While the Bible does not provide detailed descriptions of different types of spears, historical and archaeological evidence suggests variations in design and use:

· Throwing Javelins: These were lighter and shorter, designed for throwing at a distance. They were often used by skirmishers and light infantry to harass and disrupt enemy formations before close combat ensued.

· Thrusting Spears: Heavier and longer, these spears were used in close combat. They allowed soldiers to maintain a safe distance from their opponents while delivering powerful thrusts.

· Ceremonial Spears: Some spears were likely used for ceremonial purposes, symbolizing authority and leadership. These might have been more ornate, with decorative elements to signify status.

4. Symbolic Significance:
In addition to their practical use, spears held symbolic meaning in the biblical narrative. They often represented divine judgment or protection. For instance, in Numbers 25:7-8, Phinehas uses a spear to execute judgment on those who defied God's commandments: "On seeing this, Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, rose from the assembly, took a spear in his hand, followed the Israelite into the tent, and drove it through both the Israelite and the woman, through her belly. So the plague against the Israelites was halted."

5. Cultural Context:
The use of spears in biblical times reflects the broader cultural and military practices of the ancient Near East. Spears were a staple in the arsenals of many ancient armies, including the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians. The Israelites, like their neighbors, adopted and adapted these weapons for their own military needs.

The spear, in its various forms, played a crucial role in the biblical narrative, serving as both a practical tool of war and a powerful symbol of divine intervention and authority.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Numbers 25:7
And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up from among the congregation, and took a javelin in his hand;
Torrey's Topical Textbook

1 Samuel 18:10
And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came on Saul, and he prophesied in the middle of the house: and David played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in Saul's hand.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Library

The Medes and the Second Chaldaean Empire
... a single royal army in which the different kinds of troops ... their earliest childhood
to all kinds of equestrian ... flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a ...
/.../chapter iiithe medes and the.htm

The Eighteenth Theban Dynasty
... products of cultivation; mountains of different altitudes irregularly ... carried in
the chariot"lances, javelins, and daggers, curved spear, club, and ...
/.../chapter iiithe eighteenth theban dynasty.htm

The Gods of Egypt
... of stars composing them in the astronomy of different periods, are ... with a group of
upright plumes, his spear raised and ... But there were several kinds of triads. ...
/.../chapter ii the gods of egypt.htm

Dialogue ii. --The Unconfounded.
... the enemy, attack with arrows and javelins, and endeavour ... Thus the part possessing
is entirely different from the ... pierced in the side with a spear and rolled ...
/.../the ecclesiastical history of theodoret/dialogue ii the unconfounded.htm