Repentance is a central theme in the Bible, representing a transformative response to God's mighty works and divine revelation. It is not merely an emotional reaction but a profound change of mind and heart, leading to a reorientation of one's life towards God. The concept of repentance is deeply rooted in both the Old and New Testaments, where it is often depicted as a necessary response to God's acts of judgment, mercy, and salvation.

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word for repentance, "shuv," conveys the idea of turning back or returning. This is evident in the prophetic literature, where the prophets frequently call the people of Israel to repent in response to God's warnings and acts of judgment. For instance, in the book of Joel, the prophet urges the people to return to the Lord with all their hearts, with fasting, weeping, and mourning, as a response to the locust plague, which is seen as a divine judgment (Joel 2:12-13). The call to repentance is not only a call to avoid impending disaster but also an invitation to experience God's compassion and grace.

The New Testament continues this theme, with the Greek word "metanoia" emphasizing a change of mind and purpose. John the Baptist's ministry is marked by a call to repentance in preparation for the coming of the Messiah. In Matthew 3:2 , John proclaims, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near." This call to repentance is a response to the imminent arrival of God's kingdom, a divine work that demands a radical reorientation of life.

Jesus Himself emphasizes repentance as a response to His works and teachings. In Mark 1:15 , Jesus declares, "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe in the gospel!" Here, repentance is linked to the good news of the kingdom, a response to the revelation of God's redemptive plan through Christ. Jesus' miracles and teachings often lead individuals to repentance, as they recognize the presence and power of God in their midst.

The apostles continue this message in the early church. In Acts 2:38 , Peter calls the crowd to "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins." This call comes after the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, a divine work that prompts a response of repentance and faith. The apostolic preaching consistently presents repentance as a response to the revelation of God's salvation through Jesus Christ.

Repentance is also portrayed as a response to God's kindness and patience. In Romans 2:4 , Paul writes, "Or do you disregard the riches of His kindness, tolerance, and patience, not realizing that God’s kindness leads you to repentance?" Here, the apostle highlights that God's benevolent actions are intended to draw individuals to repentance, underscoring the gracious nature of God's call.

Throughout Scripture, repentance is depicted as an essential response to God's works, whether they be acts of judgment, mercy, or revelation. It involves a turning away from sin and a turning towards God, characterized by a sincere commitment to follow His ways. This transformative response is not only a personal act but also a communal one, as seen in the collective calls to repentance addressed to nations and communities. Repentance, therefore, is a vital aspect of the believer's relationship with God, reflecting a heart that is responsive to His divine initiatives.