Topical Bible: Timnah: A Duke of Edom

◄ Timnah: A Duke of Edom ►

Topical Encyclopedia

Timnah is a figure mentioned in the genealogical records of the Edomites, a people descended from Esau, the brother of Jacob. The name "Timnah" appears in the context of the chiefs, or "dukes," of Edom, indicating a position of leadership and authority within the Edomite tribal structure. The Edomites were known to inhabit the region south of the Dead Sea, an area characterized by its rugged terrain and strategic trade routes.

Biblical References:

Timnah is specifically mentioned in the Book of Genesis, which provides a genealogical account of the descendants of Esau. In Genesis 36:40-43 , the text lists the chiefs of Edom, stating: "These are the names of Esau’s chiefs, according to their families and regions, by their names: Timnah, Alvah, Jetheth, Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon, Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, Magdiel, and Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements in the land they possessed. (This is Esau, the father of the Edomites.)"

The mention of Timnah as a chief underscores the organized tribal structure of the Edomites, with each chief likely overseeing a specific clan or territory. The role of a chief, or duke, would have involved leadership in both military and civil matters, as well as the management of resources and trade.

Historical and Cultural Context:

The Edomites, as descendants of Esau, were closely related to the Israelites, yet they often found themselves in conflict with them. The relationship between the two nations was complex, marked by both kinship and rivalry. The Edomites' control of key trade routes, such as the King's Highway, made them significant players in the region's economy and politics.

The title "duke" or "chief" (Hebrew: אַלּוּף, 'alluph) used in the genealogical records reflects a hierarchical society where leadership was likely hereditary. The chiefs of Edom, including Timnah, would have played crucial roles in maintaining the stability and prosperity of their respective clans.

Theological Significance:

From a theological perspective, the inclusion of Edomite chiefs in the biblical narrative serves to highlight the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding the multitude of nations that would descend from him. Despite their frequent opposition to Israel, the Edomites are acknowledged as part of the broader Abrahamic family.

The genealogies in Genesis, including the mention of Timnah, emphasize the sovereignty of God in the unfolding of history and the establishment of nations. They also serve as a reminder of the intricate web of relationships and conflicts that characterized the ancient Near East, providing a backdrop for the unfolding account of God's covenant people, Israel.

Nave's Topical Index

Genesis 36:40
And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth,
Nave's Topical Index