Topical Bible: Ark: in the Tabernacle--Called the Ark of the Covenant: Holy

◄ Ark: in the Tabernacle--Called the Ark of the Covenant: Holy ►

Topical Encyclopedia

The Ark of the Covenant, often referred to simply as the Ark, holds a central place in the religious life of ancient Israel as described in the Hebrew Scriptures. It is a sacred chest that was constructed according to divine instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Ark was housed within the Tabernacle, the portable sanctuary used by the Israelites during their wanderings in the wilderness and later placed in the Temple in Jerusalem.

Construction and Description

The Ark of the Covenant was crafted from acacia wood and overlaid with pure gold, both inside and out. It measured approximately 2.5 cubits in length, 1.5 cubits in width, and 1.5 cubits in height (Exodus 25:10). The Ark was equipped with gold rings at its corners, through which poles overlaid with gold were inserted for carrying (Exodus 25:12-15). The lid of the Ark, known as the "mercy seat," was made of pure gold and featured two cherubim with outstretched wings facing each other, symbolizing the divine presence (Exodus 25:17-22).

Contents

The Ark contained the two stone tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments, which were given to Moses on Mount Sinai (Exodus 25:16, Deuteronomy 10:1-5). According to Hebrews 9:4, it also held Aaron's rod that budded and a golden jar of manna, though these items are not mentioned in the earlier Old Testament accounts.

Significance and Symbolism

The Ark of the Covenant was the most sacred object in the Tabernacle, representing the tangible presence of God among His people. It was considered the earthly throne of God, where He would meet with Moses and later the high priests to deliver His commandments and guidance (Exodus 25:22). The Ark's holiness was such that unauthorized contact with it could result in death, as illustrated in the account of Uzzah, who was struck down for touching the Ark (2 Samuel 6:6-7).

Role in Worship and Warfare

The Ark played a crucial role in the religious and communal life of Israel. It was carried by the Levites during the Israelites' journeys and led them in battle, signifying God's leadership and protection. Notably, the Ark was instrumental in the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River (Joshua 3:14-17) and the fall of Jericho's walls (Joshua 6:6-20).

Placement in the Tabernacle and Temple

Within the Tabernacle, the Ark was placed in the innermost chamber, the Holy of Holies, separated from the rest of the sanctuary by a veil (Exodus 26:33-34). Only the high priest could enter this sacred space, and only once a year on the Day of Atonement, to make atonement for the sins of the people (Leviticus 16:2-34). When Solomon built the Temple in Jerusalem, the Ark was placed in the Holy of Holies there as well (1 Kings 8:6-9).

Theological Implications

The Ark of the Covenant is a profound symbol of God's covenant with Israel, His law, and His mercy. It underscores the holiness of God and the seriousness of His commandments, while also pointing to His willingness to dwell among His people and provide a means for atonement and reconciliation. The Ark's presence among the Israelites was a constant reminder of their unique relationship with God and their calling to be a holy nation.

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2 Chronicles 8:11
And Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh out of the city of David to the house that he had built for her: for he said, My wife shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the places are holy, whereunto the ark of the LORD has come.
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2 Chronicles 35:3
And said to the Levites that taught all Israel, which were holy to the LORD, Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel did build; it shall not be a burden on your shoulders: serve now the LORD your God, and his people Israel,
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