Numbers 33:55
But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land before you, those you allow to remain will become barbs in your eyes and thorns in your sides; they will harass you in the land where you settle.
But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land before you
This phrase emphasizes the command given to the Israelites to completely remove the Canaanite inhabitants from the Promised Land. The directive is rooted in the need to maintain spiritual purity and avoid the influence of pagan practices. Historically, the Canaanites were known for their idolatry and morally corrupt practices, which posed a significant threat to the Israelites' covenant relationship with God. This command is consistent with earlier instructions found in Exodus 23:31-33 and Deuteronomy 7:1-5, where God warns of the dangers of cohabitation with pagan nations.

those you allow to remain will become barbs in your eyes and thorns in your sides
The imagery of "barbs in your eyes and thorns in your sides" is a vivid metaphor for the persistent and painful trouble that the remaining Canaanites would cause the Israelites. This language is echoed in Joshua 23:13 and Judges 2:3, where the consequences of failing to fully obey God's command are realized. The metaphor suggests not only physical but also spiritual and moral distress, as the Canaanites' presence would lead to temptation and eventual apostasy.

they will harass you in the land where you settle
This phrase predicts the ongoing conflict and strife that would result from the Israelites' disobedience. Historically, the Israelites faced numerous challenges from the Canaanite peoples, as seen in the Book of Judges, where cycles of oppression and deliverance are recorded. The harassment is not merely physical but also spiritual, as the Israelites are drawn away from God by the influence of Canaanite culture and religion. This serves as a warning of the consequences of incomplete obedience and the importance of faithfulness to God's commands.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who are being instructed by Moses as they prepare to enter the Promised Land.

2. The Inhabitants of Canaan
The current residents of the land that God has promised to the Israelites, who are to be driven out.

3. The Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which God has promised to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

4. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, delivering God's commands and warnings to the people.

5. The Wilderness Journey
The context of this passage, as the Israelites are concluding their 40-year journey through the wilderness.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Obedience
God’s command to drive out the inhabitants was clear. Partial obedience is disobedience and can lead to spiritual compromise.

The Consequences of Compromise
Allowing ungodly influences to remain can lead to spiritual blindness and pain, much like "barbs in your eyes and thorns in your sides."

Spiritual Warfare
Just as the Israelites were to drive out the inhabitants, Christians are called to actively resist sin and the devil's schemes in their lives.

Holiness and Separation
God calls His people to be set apart. This requires removing influences that lead us away from Him.

Trust in God's Promises
The Israelites were to trust in God’s promise of the land. Believers today are called to trust in God’s promises and act in faith.
Bible Study Questions
1. What are some "inhabitants" or influences in your life that God might be calling you to drive out?

2. How does the warning in Numbers 33:55 relate to the concept of spiritual warfare in the New Testament?

3. In what ways can partial obedience lead to spiritual compromise in your life?

4. How can the account of the Israelites' failure to fully obey God serve as a warning for us today?

5. What steps can you take to ensure that you are fully trusting in God's promises and acting in faith?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Joshua 23:13
This verse echoes the warning in Numbers 33:55, as Joshua reminds the Israelites of the consequences of not driving out the remaining nations.

Judges 2:3
This passage describes the fulfillment of the warning, as the Israelites face ongoing trouble from the nations they failed to remove.

Ephesians 4:27
Paul warns believers not to give the devil a foothold, paralleling the idea of allowing sin or ungodly influences to remain in one's life.

Hebrews 12:1
Encourages believers to lay aside every weight and sin, similar to the call to remove the inhabitants of the land.
How to Deal with the Canaanites: an Urgent WarningD. Young Numbers 33:50-56
No Compromise with IdolatryE.S. Prout Numbers 33:50-56
The Danger of Allowing SinG. Wagner.Numbers 33:50-56
The Expulsion of the CanaanitesW. Jones.Numbers 33:50-56
ThoroughnessJ. Parker, D. D.Numbers 33:50-56
Unexpelled Sin a Thorn in the SideMarcus Dods, D. D.Numbers 33:50-56
People
Aaron, Abel, Arad, Egyptians, Gad, Geber, Israelites, Moses, Perez, Tahath, Terah, Zephon
Places
0, Abarim, Abel-shittim, Abronah, Almon-diblathaim, Alush, Arad, Baal-zephon, Bene-jaakan, Beth-jeshimoth, Canaan, Dibon-gad, Dophkah, Edom, Egypt, Elim, Etham, Ezion-geber, Hahiroth, Haradah, Hashmonah, Hazeroth, Hor-haggidgad, Iye-abarim, Iyim, Jericho, Jordan River, Jotbathah, Kadesh-barnea, Kehelathah, Kibroth-hattaavah, Libnah, Makheloth, Marah, Migdol, Mithkah, Moab, Moseroth, Mount Hor, Mount Shepher, Nebo, Negev, Oboth, Pi-hahiroth, Punon, Rameses, Red Sea, Rephidim, Rimmon-perez, Rissah, Rithmah, Sinai, Succoth, Tahath, Terah, Zalmonah, Zin
Topics
Allow, Barbs, Dispossess, Distressed, Drive, Driving, Dwell, Dwelling, Harass, Inhabitants, Pass, Pin-points, Prickles, Pricks, Sides, Slow, Thorns, Trouble, Troubling, Vex, Wherein
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Numbers 33:55

     4520   thorns
     4540   weeds

Numbers 33:50-56

     7258   promised land, early history

Numbers 33:55-56

     5917   plans

Library
Some Miscellaneous Matters Belonging to the Country About Jericho.
Let us begin from the last encampings of Israel beyond Jordan. Numbers 33:49: "They encamped near Jordan from Beth-jeshimoth unto Abel-shittim."--"From Beth-jeshimoth to Abel-shittim were twelve miles." It is a most received opinion among the Jews, that the tents of the Israelites in the wilderness contained a square of twelve miles. So the Targum of Jonathan, upon Number 2:2; "The encamping of Israel was twelve miles in length, and twelve miles in breadth." And the Gemarists say, "It is forbidden
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Arbel. Shezor. Tarnegola the Upper.
"Arbel a city of Galilee."--There is mention of it in Hosea 10:14. But there are authors which do very differently interpret that place, viz. the Chaldee paraphrast, R. Solomon, Kimchi: consult them. It was between Zippor and Tiberias. Hence Nittai the Arbelite, who was president with Josua Ben Perahiah. The valley of Arbel is mentioned by the Talmudists. So also "The Arbelite Bushel." "Near Zephath in Upper Galilee was a town named Shezor, whence was R. Simeon Shezori: there he was buried. There
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Christ the Water of Life.
"Jesus answered and said unto her, Every one that drinketh of this water shall thirst again: but whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall become in him a well of water springing up unto eternal life" (John iv. 13, 14). "Now on the last day, the great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink" (John vii. 37). "And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank
Frank G. Allen—Autobiography of Frank G. Allen, Minister of the Gospel

Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners:
A BRIEF AND FAITHFUL RELATION OF THE EXCEEDING MERCY OF GOD IN CHRIST TO HIS POOR SERVANT, JOHN BUNYAN; WHEREIN IS PARTICULARLY SHOWED THE MANNER OF HIS CONVERSION, HIS SIGHT AND TROUBLE FOR SIN, HIS DREADFUL TEMPTATIONS, ALSO HOW HE DESPAIRED OF GOD'S MERCY, AND HOW THE LORD AT LENGTH THROUGH CHRIST DID DELIVER HIM FROM ALL THE GUILT AND TERROR THAT LAY UPON HIM. Whereunto is added a brief relation of his call to the work of the ministry, of his temptations therein, as also what he hath met with
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Kadesh. Rekam, and that Double. Inquiry is Made, Whether the Doubling it in the Maps is Well Done.
The readers of the eastern interpreters will observe, that Kadesh is rendered by all Rekam, or in a sound very near it. In the Chaldee, it is 'Rekam': in the Syriac, 'Rekem': in the Arabic, 'Rakim'... There are two places noted by the name Rekam in the very bounds of the land,--to wit, the southern and eastern: that is, a double Kadesh. I. Of Kadesh, or Rekam, in the south part, there is no doubt. II. Of it, in the eastern part, there is this mention: "From Rekam to the east, and Rekam is as the
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Section Chap. I. -iii.
The question which here above all engages our attention, and requires to be answered, is this: Whether that which is reported in these chapters did, or did not, actually and outwardly take place. The history of the inquiries connected with this question is found most fully in Marckius's "Diatribe de uxore fornicationum," Leyden, 1696, reprinted in the Commentary on the Minor Prophets by the same author. The various views may be divided into three classes. 1. It is maintained by very many interpreters,
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Peaceable Principles and True: Or, a Brief Answer to Mr. D'Anver's and Mr. Paul's Books against My Confession of Faith, and Differences in Judgment About Baptism no Bar to Communion.
WHEREIN THEIR SCRIPTURELESS NOTIONS ARE OVERTHROWN, AND MY PEACEABLE PRINCIPLES STILL MAINTAINED. 'Do ye indeed speak righteousness, O congregation? do ye judge uprightly, O ye sons of men?'--Psalm 58:1 SIR, I have received and considered your short reply to my differences in judgment about water baptism no bar to communion; and observe, that you touch not the argument at all: but rather labour what you can, and beyond what you ought, to throw odiums upon your brother for reproving you for your error,
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

In Death and after Death
A sadder picture could scarcely be drawn than that of the dying Rabbi Jochanan ben Saccai, that "light of Israel" immediately before and after the destruction of the Temple, and for two years the president of the Sanhedrim. We read in the Talmud (Ber. 28 b) that, when his disciples came to see him on his death-bed, he burst into tears. To their astonished inquiry why he, "the light of Israel, the right pillar of the Temple, and its mighty hammer," betrayed such signs of fear, he replied: "If I were
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Numbers
Like the last part of Exodus, and the whole of Leviticus, the first part of Numbers, i.-x. 28--so called,[1] rather inappropriately, from the census in i., iii., (iv.), xxvi.--is unmistakably priestly in its interests and language. Beginning with a census of the men of war (i.) and the order of the camp (ii.), it devotes specific attention to the Levites, their numbers and duties (iii., iv.). Then follow laws for the exclusion of the unclean, v. 1-4, for determining the manner and amount of restitution
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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