Judges 11:19

And Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon, and said to him, 'Please let us pass through your land into our own place.'

Study Bible

And Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites
This phrase highlights Israel's diplomatic approach in dealing with neighboring nations during their journey to the Promised Land. Sihon was the king of the Amorites, a significant Canaanite tribe known for their fortified cities and military strength. The sending of messengers reflects a customary practice in the ancient Near East for negotiating passage or alliances. This event is also recorded in Numbers 21:21-23, emphasizing its importance in Israel's history. The Amorites were descendants of Canaan, and their land was part of the territory promised to Abraham's descendants (Genesis 15:18-21).

who ruled in Heshbon
Heshbon was a major city and the capital of Sihon's kingdom. Archaeological evidence suggests it was a well-fortified city, strategically located on the King's Highway, a crucial trade route. The city's prominence is noted in other biblical passages, such as Deuteronomy 2:24-37, where the conquest of Heshbon is detailed. The control of Heshbon was vital for Israel's access to the eastern side of the Jordan River and their eventual settlement in the land.

and said to him, ‘Please let us pass through your land into our own place.’
This request underscores Israel's intention to peacefully transit through Amorite territory without engaging in conflict. The phrase "into our own place" refers to the land promised to them by God, reinforcing the divine mandate behind their journey. The request for passage is reminiscent of similar appeals made to Edom (Numbers 20:14-21) and Moab (Judges 11:17), highlighting a consistent pattern of seeking peaceful passage. The refusal by Sihon, as later detailed in the narrative, led to a divinely sanctioned military confrontation, which resulted in Israel's victory and acquisition of the land, fulfilling part of God's promise to Abraham. This event foreshadows the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises and can be seen as a type of Christ's victory over spiritual adversaries, securing the inheritance for His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israel
The collective name for the descendants of Jacob, also known as the Israelites. At this point in their history, they are seeking to enter the Promised Land.

2. Messengers
Representatives sent by Israel to communicate with Sihon. Their role was to negotiate peaceful passage through the land.

3. Sihon
The king of the Amorites, ruling over Heshbon. He is a significant figure as his refusal to allow Israel passage leads to conflict.

4. Amorites
A group of ancient people living in the land of Canaan. They are often depicted as adversaries of Israel in the Old Testament.

5. Heshbon
A city ruled by Sihon, located east of the Jordan River. It becomes a focal point in the account as Israel seeks passage through this territory.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Seeking Peace
Israel's initial approach to Sihon was peaceful, demonstrating the value of seeking peace before conflict. As believers, we are called to pursue peace in our interactions with others.

God's Sovereignty in Human Affairs
Despite Israel's peaceful intentions, Sihon's heart was hardened, leading to conflict. This reminds us that God is sovereign over human decisions and outcomes.

The Role of Communication
The sending of messengers highlights the importance of clear and respectful communication in resolving potential conflicts.

Trusting God's Plan
Even when peaceful efforts fail, as they did with Sihon, believers can trust that God has a purpose and plan that will ultimately prevail.

Learning from History
The account of Israel and Sihon serves as a historical lesson on the consequences of rejecting peaceful overtures and the importance of aligning with God's will.

Bible Study Questions

1. What can we learn from Israel's approach to Sihon about handling potential conflicts in our own lives?

2. How does the account of Sihon's refusal to allow passage relate to the concept of free will and God's sovereignty?

3. In what ways can we apply the principle of seeking peace, as demonstrated by Israel, in our daily interactions with others?

4. How does the account of Israel and Sihon encourage us to trust in God's plan, even when our efforts for peace are rejected?

5. What other biblical examples can you think of where God used a seemingly negative situation to fulfill His purposes, and how does this encourage you in your faith journey?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 21:21-23
This passage provides a parallel account of Israel's request to Sihon, offering additional context to the events in Judges 11:19.

Deuteronomy 2:26-30
This scripture recounts Moses' message to Sihon, emphasizing the peaceful intentions of Israel and the subsequent hardening of Sihon's heart by God.

Romans 12:18
This New Testament verse encourages believers to live peaceably with all, reflecting Israel's initial peaceful approach to Sihon.