Judges 11:20

But Sihon would not trust Israel to pass through his territory. So he gathered all his people, encamped in Jahaz, and fought with Israel.

Study Bible

But Sihon
The name "Sihon" is of Amorite origin, and he was the king of the Amorites. Historically, the Amorites were a significant group in the ancient Near East, often depicted as fierce and warlike. Sihon's refusal to allow Israel passage is a pivotal moment that reflects the broader theme of opposition to God's people. His actions set the stage for God's deliverance and the eventual victory of Israel, demonstrating that earthly power cannot thwart divine plans.

did not trust
The Hebrew root for "trust" here is "aman," which conveys a sense of firmness or certainty. Sihon's lack of trust in Israel can be seen as a lack of understanding or acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. This distrust leads to his downfall, illustrating the biblical principle that those who oppose God's will ultimately face consequences.

Israel
The term "Israel" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as the Israelites. At this point in their history, they were a nomadic people on a divinely ordained journey to the Promised Land. Israel's identity as God's chosen people is central to the narrative, and their interactions with other nations often serve to highlight God's faithfulness and the unfolding of His covenant promises.

to pass through his land
The request to pass through the land was a common diplomatic practice in the ancient world, often involving negotiations and treaties. Israel's request was reasonable and peaceful, reflecting their desire to avoid unnecessary conflict. However, Sihon's refusal and subsequent aggression underscore the theme of human resistance to divine purposes.

Instead, Sihon gathered all his troops
The gathering of troops indicates a deliberate preparation for war. This action reveals Sihon's aggressive intent and his reliance on military might. In contrast, Israel's strength lies not in numbers or weapons but in their covenant relationship with God. This juxtaposition highlights the biblical theme that true power and victory come from God.

camped at Jahaz
Jahaz was a strategic location for battle, situated in the territory of Moab. Archaeological evidence suggests it was a fortified site, which would have provided a tactical advantage. Sihon's choice to camp here reflects his confidence in his military strategy, yet it also becomes the place of his defeat, demonstrating that human plans are ultimately subject to God's will.

and fought with Israel
The confrontation between Sihon and Israel is more than a physical battle; it is a spiritual conflict between those who oppose God and His chosen people. The outcome of this battle, as recorded in the subsequent verses, serves as a testament to God's power and faithfulness. It reminds believers that God fights for His people and that victory is assured when they walk in obedience to Him.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Sihon
The king of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. He is known for his refusal to allow the Israelites to pass through his land peacefully, leading to conflict.

2. Israel
The nation of God's chosen people, led by Jephthah at this time, seeking passage through the land of the Amorites on their journey to the Promised Land.

3. Jahaz
The location where Sihon and his troops camped and engaged in battle with Israel. It is a significant site of conflict in the account.

4. Amorites
A group of ancient people living in the land that Israel sought to pass through. They were often in conflict with Israel during their journey to Canaan.

5. Jephthah
The judge of Israel at the time, known for his leadership and his vow, which is a significant part of his account in the Book of Judges.

Teaching Points

Trust in God's Sovereignty
The refusal of Sihon and the subsequent battle highlight God's control over the events. Believers can trust that God is sovereign over the circumstances of their lives.

Obedience and Faithfulness
Israel's journey required obedience to God's commands. Similarly, Christians are called to faithfully follow God's guidance, even when facing opposition.

God's Faithfulness in Battles
Just as God delivered Israel from Sihon, He is faithful to deliver His people from spiritual battles today. Believers can rely on God's strength and faithfulness.

The Consequences of Hard Hearts
Sihon's hardened heart led to his downfall. This serves as a warning against resisting God's will and the importance of maintaining a soft heart towards God.

The Importance of Seeking Peace
Israel initially sought peace with Sihon. Christians are encouraged to seek peace with others, reflecting Christ's love and peace in their interactions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Sihon and Israel illustrate the importance of trusting in God's sovereignty in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we apply the lesson of obedience and faithfulness from Israel's journey to our daily walk with Christ?

3. Reflect on a time when you faced a "battle" in your life. How did you see God's faithfulness in that situation, similar to Israel's victory over Sihon?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure our hearts remain soft and receptive to God's will, avoiding the hard-heartedness seen in Sihon?

5. How can we actively seek peace in our relationships and communities, following the example of Israel's initial peaceful approach to Sihon?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 21:21-24
This passage provides the background to the conflict with Sihon, detailing Israel's request for passage and Sihon's refusal, leading to battle.

Deuteronomy 2:30-31
These verses explain that God hardened Sihon's heart, which led to his refusal and subsequent defeat, showing God's sovereignty in Israel's journey.

Psalm 136:17-22
This psalm recounts God's enduring love and faithfulness in giving Israel victory over kings like Sihon, emphasizing God's role in Israel's victories.