Isaiah 22:16

What are you doing here, and who authorized you to carve out a tomb for yourself here--to chisel your tomb in the height and cut your resting place in the rock?

Study Bible

What are you doing here,
This phrase is a direct challenge to Shebna, the steward of the palace, questioning his actions and motives. In the context of Isaiah 22, Shebna is being rebuked for his pride and self-serving behavior. The question implies that Shebna's actions are inappropriate or unauthorized, suggesting a misuse of his position. This reflects a broader biblical theme where God questions individuals to reveal their hearts, similar to God's questioning of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3:9.

and who authorized you
This phrase highlights the issue of authority and legitimacy. Shebna's actions are being scrutinized because they lack divine approval. In biblical terms, authority is often derived from God, and leaders are expected to act in accordance with His will. This echoes the biblical principle that all authority is established by God, as seen in Romans 13:1.

to carve out a tomb for yourself here—
The act of carving out a tomb signifies a desire for permanence and legacy. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, tombs were significant as they represented one's status and were often elaborate for the wealthy or powerful. Shebna's focus on his own tomb suggests vanity and a preoccupation with earthly status, contrasting with the biblical teaching that true legacy is found in serving God and others.

to chisel your tomb in the height
This phrase indicates the location of the tomb, likely in a prominent or elevated place, symbolizing pride and self-exaltation. In biblical literature, "height" often connotes arrogance or rebellion against God, as seen in the Tower of Babel narrative (Genesis 11:4). The emphasis on height underscores Shebna's desire for recognition and honor, which is condemned by God.

and cut your resting place in the rock?
The imagery of cutting a resting place in the rock suggests permanence and security. In biblical times, rock-cut tombs were durable and prestigious, often reserved for the elite. This act of securing a resting place in the rock can be seen as a metaphor for self-reliance and defiance against God's sovereignty. It contrasts with the biblical portrayal of God as the true "Rock" and refuge, as in Psalm 18:2. This phrase also foreshadows the tomb of Jesus, who was laid in a rock-hewn tomb, yet His resurrection signifies victory over death and the futility of earthly ambitions.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Shebna
The steward or treasurer of the palace in Jerusalem during the reign of King Hezekiah. He is the subject of Isaiah's rebuke in this passage.

2. Jerusalem
The capital city of Judah, where Shebna served. It is the setting for Isaiah's prophecy and rebuke.

3. Isaiah
The prophet who delivers God's message to Shebna, calling out his pride and self-serving actions.

4. Tomb
The carved tomb represents Shebna's attempt to secure his legacy and status, reflecting his pride and misplaced priorities.

5. Rock
Symbolizes permanence and strength, but in this context, it highlights Shebna's arrogance in seeking a lasting monument for himself.

Teaching Points

Pride and Humility
Shebna's actions serve as a warning against pride and self-exaltation. True greatness is found in humility and service to God and others.

Legacy and Eternal Perspective
Our focus should be on eternal treasures rather than earthly monuments. Consider how your actions today impact your eternal legacy.

Authority and Accountability
Shebna acted without proper authority, reminding us to seek God's guidance and approval in our decisions.

God's Sovereignty
Despite human attempts to control and secure their future, God's plans and purposes prevail. Trust in His sovereignty over your life.

Self-Examination
Regularly assess your motivations and actions to ensure they align with God's will and not personal ambition.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Shebna's desire to carve a tomb for himself reflect his priorities, and what can we learn about our own priorities from this passage?

2. In what ways does the rebuke of Shebna challenge us to examine our own pride and self-reliance?

3. How can we ensure that our legacy is focused on eternal values rather than temporary, earthly achievements?

4. What steps can we take to seek God's authority and guidance in our decisions, as opposed to acting on our own desires?

5. How does understanding God's sovereignty help us trust Him more fully in our daily lives and future plans?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 23:27-28
Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for their hypocrisy, similar to Isaiah's rebuke of Shebna's pride and self-glorification.

Luke 12:16-21
The parable of the rich fool, who stores up earthly treasures without regard for his soul, parallels Shebna's focus on earthly status.

Proverbs 16:18
"Pride goes before destruction," which aligns with the warning to Shebna about the consequences of his pride.