Thus King Darius
The mention of "King Darius" refers to Darius I, also known as Darius the Great, who ruled the Persian Empire from 522 to 486 BC. His reign is noted for administrative genius and the consolidation of the empire. Historically, Darius is recognized for his efforts to organize the empire by dividing it into provinces and placing satraps to govern them. In the context of Ezra, Darius's role is pivotal as he continues the policies of his predecessor, Cyrus the Great, in supporting the Jewish people. His decree reflects a continuation of the divine plan, as prophesied in Isaiah 44:28, where God uses foreign kings to fulfill His purposes for Israel.

issued a decree
The phrase "issued a decree" signifies the formal and authoritative command given by a king. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a decree from the king was binding and carried the weight of law. This decree by Darius is significant because it demonstrates the sovereignty of God over earthly rulers. It also highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to His people, as the decree supports the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem, a central theme in the book of Ezra.

and a search was conducted
The action of conducting a search indicates a diligent and thorough investigation. This search was necessary to find the original decree of Cyrus, which authorized the rebuilding of the temple. The historical context here is crucial, as it shows the meticulous nature of Persian record-keeping and the importance of written documents in legal and governmental matters. Spiritually, this search can be seen as a metaphor for seeking truth and understanding God's will, emphasizing the importance of perseverance and faith in uncovering divine purposes.

in the archives
Archives in ancient times were collections of important documents, often stored in secure locations. The mention of "archives" underscores the historical accuracy and reliability of the biblical narrative. These archives were crucial for maintaining records of decrees, treaties, and other significant documents. Theologically, the existence of such archives points to God's providence in preserving His word and ensuring that His plans are carried out through human history.

stored in the treasury of Babylon
The "treasury of Babylon" refers to the place where valuable items and important documents were kept. Babylon, at this time, was a significant city within the Persian Empire, known for its wealth and grandeur. Theologically, the reference to Babylon is symbolic, representing the world's power and wealth. Yet, even within this context, God's purposes prevail, as the search in Babylon's treasury leads to the discovery of the decree that supports the Jewish people's return and restoration. This highlights the theme of God's sovereignty over all nations and His ability to use even the resources of a foreign empire to accomplish His divine will.

And a scroll was found
The phrase "And a scroll was found" indicates the discovery of a written document, which is significant in the context of ancient Near Eastern cultures where written records were crucial for legal and historical purposes. The Hebrew word for "scroll" is "מְגִלָּה" (megillah), which refers to a rolled-up document. This discovery underscores the providence of God in preserving His word and the decrees that support His people. The finding of the scroll is a testament to the meticulous record-keeping of the Persian Empire and highlights the importance of written decrees in validating historical and legal claims.

in the citadel of Ecbatana
The "citadel of Ecbatana" refers to the ancient city of Ecbatana, the capital of Media, which is modern-day Hamadan in Iran. Ecbatana was a significant administrative center in the Persian Empire. The mention of the citadel suggests a place of security and authority, where important documents were stored. This location emphasizes the reach and organization of the Persian Empire, which God used to fulfill His purposes for the Jewish people. The historical context of Ecbatana as a royal archive underscores the authenticity and authority of the decree found there.

in the province of Media
The "province of Media" situates Ecbatana within the larger geopolitical landscape of the Persian Empire. Media was an important region, and its inclusion here highlights the vastness of the empire and the interconnectedness of its provinces. This phrase reminds us of God's sovereignty over nations and empires, using them to accomplish His divine plans. The historical context of Media as a powerful region within the empire reinforces the significance of the decree's preservation and discovery.

and this was written on it
The phrase "and this was written on it:" introduces the content of the scroll, which is a decree from King Cyrus. The act of writing signifies permanence and authority, as written words were binding and enduring. In the biblical context, the written word is a powerful tool for communication and preservation of God's promises. This phrase sets the stage for the revelation of God's faithfulness through the decree, which aligns with His covenantal promises to His people. The emphasis on what was written highlights the importance of divine revelation and the fulfillment of prophecy through historical events.

In the first year of King Cyrus
This phrase sets the historical context for the decree. King Cyrus of Persia, known for his policy of religious tolerance, issued a decree allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple. The first year of his reign over Babylon was 538 BC. This decree is significant as it fulfills the prophecy of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 29:10) and demonstrates God's sovereignty over nations and rulers. Cyrus is seen as an instrument of God's plan, highlighting the divine orchestration in historical events.

the king issued a decree
The decree issued by Cyrus is a legal and authoritative command. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a king's decree was irrevocable and carried the weight of law. This decree not only allowed the Jews to return but also provided resources for the rebuilding of the temple. It underscores the theme of divine providence, as God uses even pagan kings to accomplish His purposes.

concerning the house of God in Jerusalem
The "house of God" refers to the temple, the central place of worship for the Israelites. Its location in Jerusalem is significant, as Jerusalem is the city chosen by God for His name to dwell (2 Chronicles 6:6). The rebuilding of the temple symbolizes the restoration of the Jewish community and their covenant relationship with God. It also points to the importance of worship and the presence of God among His people.

Let the house be rebuilt
This command to rebuild the temple is a call to restore the worship and religious practices of the Jewish people. The temple had been destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC, and its reconstruction is a sign of hope and renewal. The rebuilding process is not just a physical act but a spiritual renewal, emphasizing the importance of obedience and dedication to God.

as a place to present sacrifices
Sacrifices were central to the worship practices of the Israelites, serving as a means of atonement and communion with God. The temple as a place for sacrifices highlights its role as a spiritual center where the people could seek forgiveness and express their devotion. This phrase underscores the importance of sacrificial worship in maintaining a right relationship with God.

and let its foundations be firmly laid
The laying of the foundations signifies the beginning of the construction process and the establishment of a firm and enduring structure. In a spiritual sense, it represents the need for a strong foundation in faith and obedience to God's commands. The emphasis on firm foundations can also be seen as a metaphor for the stability and permanence of God's promises and His covenant with His people.

with three layers of cut stones
This phrase highlights the meticulous and robust construction of the temple, emphasizing the use of "cut stones," which in Hebrew is "gazin," indicating stones that are hewn or dressed. This reflects the care and precision in the temple's construction, symbolizing the strength and permanence of God's dwelling place among His people. Historically, the use of cut stones was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern architecture, signifying wealth and stability. The "three layers" may symbolize completeness and divine perfection, as the number three often represents in biblical numerology.

and one of timbers
The inclusion of "timbers" alongside stone layers suggests a blend of materials that was both practical and symbolic. Timber, or "aṣ" in Hebrew, was often used for its flexibility and availability. The use of wood in the temple construction can be seen as a nod to the original Temple of Solomon, which also incorporated cedar wood from Lebanon. This combination of materials reflects a balance between strength and beauty, durability and artistry, mirroring the multifaceted nature of God's creation and His covenant with Israel.

The costs are to be paid from the royal treasury
This phrase underscores the divine provision and favor upon the rebuilding of the temple. The "royal treasury" refers to the Persian empire's resources, indicating that God can use even foreign powers to fulfill His purposes. Historically, this reflects the decree of King Darius, who supported the Jewish exiles in their efforts to rebuild the temple. This provision from the royal treasury is a testament to God's sovereignty and His ability to orchestrate events for the benefit of His people, ensuring that His plans are accomplished without financial hindrance. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises, encouraging believers to trust in His provision and timing.

Furthermore
This word serves as a continuation of a decree, emphasizing the importance and urgency of the instructions that follow. It indicates that what is about to be stated is not merely an addition but a crucial part of the restoration process. In the context of Ezra, it underscores the divine orchestration behind the return of the exiles and the restoration of the temple, highlighting God's faithfulness to His promises.

the gold and silver articles
These items were sacred vessels used in the worship and service of God in the temple. Their mention here signifies the restoration of proper worship and the reestablishment of the covenant relationship between God and His people. Historically, these articles were crafted with great skill and dedication, symbolizing the wealth and glory of Solomon's temple. Their return is a powerful symbol of God's sovereignty and the restoration of His people's spiritual heritage.

of the house of God
This phrase refers to the temple in Jerusalem, the central place of worship for the Israelites. The temple was not just a physical structure but a symbol of God's presence among His people. The restoration of the temple articles signifies the reestablishment of God's dwelling place on earth, a foreshadowing of the ultimate temple, Jesus Christ, in whom the fullness of God dwells bodily.

which Nebuchadnezzar took
Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonian king, represents the forces of exile and destruction. His taking of the temple articles was a profound act of desecration and humiliation for the Israelites. However, this phrase also serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over history. Despite the actions of powerful earthly kings, God's plans for His people cannot be thwarted.

from the temple in Jerusalem
The temple in Jerusalem was the heart of Jewish worship and identity. Its mention here evokes the pain of its destruction and the hope of its restoration. Jerusalem, the city of peace, is central to God's redemptive plan, and its temple is a precursor to the heavenly Jerusalem, where God will dwell with His people eternally.

and brought to Babylon
Babylon symbolizes exile, captivity, and the judgment of God upon His people for their disobedience. The articles' journey to Babylon represents the low point of Israel's history. Yet, their return signifies redemption and the fulfillment of God's promise to bring His people back from captivity, a theme echoed throughout Scripture.

must also be returned
This imperative highlights the divine mandate for restoration. It is not merely a suggestion but a command that reflects God's unchanging purpose to restore what was lost. The return of the articles is a tangible sign of God's faithfulness and the beginning of a new chapter in Israel's history.

and brought to their place
The phrase emphasizes the importance of order and sanctity in worship. Each article had a specific place and purpose in the temple, reflecting the meticulous care with which God instructed His people to worship Him. This return to order is a call to holiness and reverence in the presence of God.

in the temple in Jerusalem
Reiterating the temple's location underscores its significance as the chosen place for God's name to dwell. It is a reminder of the centrality of worship in the life of God's people and the importance of having a dedicated space for encountering the divine.

You are to deposit them
This instruction is directed to those responsible for the temple's restoration, highlighting the role of human agency in fulfilling God's purposes. It is a call to obedience and stewardship, reminding believers of their responsibility to care for the sacred and to participate in God's redemptive work.

in the house of God
The repetition of this phrase reinforces the temple's identity as God's dwelling place. It is a powerful reminder of the covenant relationship between God and His people, a relationship that is ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who is the true temple and the mediator of a new covenant.

Now then
This phrase serves as a transition, indicating a shift in the narrative or a directive that follows from previous instructions. In the context of Ezra, it marks a decisive moment where King Darius issues a command concerning the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem. The phrase underscores the immediacy and authority of the king's decree, reflecting the divine orchestration behind the events.

Tattenai, governor of the region west of the Euphrates
Tattenai was a Persian official, a governor overseeing the region known as "Beyond the River," which included territories west of the Euphrates River. His role was significant as he was responsible for maintaining order and implementing the king's policies. Historically, this highlights the vastness of the Persian Empire and its administrative structure. Tattenai's mention here emphasizes the political and geographical context in which the Jewish exiles were rebuilding the temple, showcasing the interplay between divine providence and earthly governance.

and Shethar-bozenai
Shethar-bozenai is likely another official or associate of Tattenai. The inclusion of his name signifies the importance of accountability and the collective responsibility of the officials in executing the king's orders. This reflects the biblical principle that God often uses multiple individuals to accomplish His purposes, ensuring that His plans are fulfilled through various channels of authority.

and your associates, the officials of that region
This phrase broadens the scope of the directive to include all officials under Tattenai's jurisdiction. It underscores the comprehensive nature of the king's command, leaving no room for misinterpretation or disobedience. The mention of "associates" highlights the collaborative nature of governance and the necessity for unity in carrying out decrees. In a spiritual sense, it reminds believers of the importance of community and cooperation in fulfilling God's will.

you must stay away from there
This command is clear and unequivocal, instructing the officials to refrain from interfering with the rebuilding efforts in Jerusalem. The phrase "stay away" implies a protective measure, ensuring that the work on the temple proceeds unhindered. It reflects God's sovereignty in safeguarding His plans and His people, demonstrating that divine purposes will prevail despite opposition. This serves as an encouragement to believers that God's work cannot be thwarted by human obstacles, and His promises will be fulfilled in His perfect timing.

Leave the work on this house of God alone
This phrase is a directive from King Darius, emphasizing the divine protection and sovereignty over the rebuilding of the temple. The Hebrew root for "leave" (שְׁבַק, shevaq) implies a command to desist or refrain from interference. Historically, this reflects the political and spiritual climate of the time, where the Jewish exiles faced opposition from surrounding peoples. The temple, being the center of Jewish worship and identity, was crucial for the restoration of their community. This command underscores God's providence and the king's recognition of the divine mandate.

Let the governor of the Jews and the Jewish elders
The "governor of the Jews" refers to Zerubbabel, who was appointed to oversee the affairs of the Jewish people in Jerusalem. The "Jewish elders" were leaders and representatives of the community, responsible for guiding the people in accordance with the Law of Moses. This phrase highlights the importance of godly leadership and the role of community leaders in fulfilling God's purposes. It also reflects the Persian policy of allowing local governance under imperial oversight, which facilitated the Jews' return and rebuilding efforts.

rebuild this house of God
The term "rebuild" (בָּנָה, banah) signifies not just physical construction but also spiritual renewal. The "house of God" refers to the temple, a symbol of God's presence among His people. The rebuilding was not merely an architectural endeavor but a restoration of worship and covenant relationship with God. This reflects the prophetic promises found in books like Isaiah and Jeremiah, where God assures His people of restoration and renewal after exile.

on its original site
The phrase "on its original site" indicates the historical and spiritual significance of the temple's location. The original site, Mount Moriah, was where Solomon's temple once stood, and it was chosen by God as a sacred place (2 Chronicles 3:1). This continuity of location underscores the faithfulness of God to His promises and the importance of maintaining the heritage and traditions of the faith. It also serves as a reminder of the past glories and the hope for future blessings as the people return to their roots and reestablish their identity in the land God gave them.

I hereby decree
The phrase signifies a formal and authoritative command issued by a ruler. In the context of the Persian Empire, decrees were binding and carried the weight of law. The Hebrew root for "decree" often implies a firm and unchangeable order, reflecting the king's absolute authority. This decree by King Darius underscores the divine orchestration in the rebuilding of the temple, as God uses even foreign kings to fulfill His purposes.

what you are to do
This phrase indicates specific instructions given to the officials in the region. It reflects the king's intention to ensure that his orders are carried out precisely. Historically, this demonstrates the administrative structure of the Persian Empire, where local governors were expected to implement the king's commands. Spiritually, it reminds believers of the importance of obedience to God's directives.

for these elders of the Jews
The "elders" were the leaders and representatives of the Jewish community. In the Hebrew context, elders were respected for their wisdom and experience. This acknowledgment by a foreign king highlights the respect and recognition given to the Jewish leaders, emphasizing God's favor upon His people. It also illustrates the restoration of Israel's leadership after the exile.

who are rebuilding this house of God
The "house of God" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, a central place of worship and sacrifice for the Jewish people. The rebuilding signifies a period of restoration and renewal for the Israelites after their Babylonian exile. Theologically, it represents God's faithfulness in restoring His covenant relationship with His people. The act of rebuilding is a testament to the perseverance and faith of the Jewish community.

The expenses of these men
This phrase indicates the financial support provided for the rebuilding project. The mention of "expenses" being covered highlights the king's commitment to ensuring the temple's completion. It reflects the providence of God, who provides for His work through unexpected means. Historically, it shows the economic policies of the Persian Empire, which supported local religious practices to maintain peace and loyalty.

are to be fully paid out of the royal treasury
The "royal treasury" was the central financial resource of the Persian Empire. The decision to fund the temple's reconstruction from this treasury underscores the importance placed on the project by King Darius. It illustrates the principle that God can use the wealth of nations to accomplish His purposes. This provision also alleviated the financial burden on the Jewish community, allowing them to focus on the work.

from the revenues of Trans-Euphrates
"Trans-Euphrates" refers to the region beyond the Euphrates River, which included Judah. The revenues from this area were significant, and allocating them for the temple's reconstruction shows the king's strategic support for regional stability. This allocation demonstrates the interconnectedness of political and religious interests in the ancient world. It also highlights God's sovereignty over geographical and political boundaries.

so that the work will not stop
This phrase emphasizes the king's desire for the uninterrupted progress of the temple's construction. It reflects a sense of urgency and importance attached to the project. Spiritually, it serves as a reminder of the perseverance required in fulfilling God's work. Theologically, it underscores the idea that God's plans will not be thwarted, and His purposes will be accomplished in His timing.

Whatever is needed
This phrase underscores the comprehensive provision required for the temple services. The Hebrew root here implies a sense of completeness and sufficiency, indicating that nothing should be lacking for the worship of God. Historically, this reflects the Persian king's decree to ensure that the Jewish people had all necessary resources to maintain their religious practices, highlighting the importance of worship in the life of the community.

young bulls, rams, and lambs
These animals were integral to the sacrificial system in ancient Israel, each representing different aspects of atonement and worship. The young bull, often used for sin offerings, symbolizes strength and atonement for the community. Rams, associated with consecration and dedication, and lambs, representing innocence and purity, were essential for daily sacrifices. This provision reflects the continuity of worship practices as prescribed in the Torah, emphasizing the importance of sacrificial offerings in maintaining a covenant relationship with God.

for burnt offerings to the God of heaven
The term "burnt offerings" refers to sacrifices that were completely consumed by fire, symbolizing total devotion and surrender to God. The phrase "God of heaven" is significant, as it acknowledges God's sovereignty and supreme authority over all creation. This title was particularly meaningful during the post-exilic period, as it affirmed God's dominion even in foreign lands and under foreign rule, providing hope and assurance to the Jewish exiles.

wheat, salt, wine, and oil
These elements were essential for the grain offerings and other ritual practices. Wheat, as a staple food, represents sustenance and provision. Salt, used for seasoning and preservation, symbolizes purity and the enduring nature of God's covenant. Wine, often associated with joy and celebration, signifies the blessings of God, while oil, used for anointing, represents the presence and empowerment of the Holy Spirit. Together, these provisions ensure the continuity of worship and the community's reliance on God's provision.

as requested by the priests in Jerusalem
This phrase highlights the role of the priests as mediators between God and the people, responsible for maintaining the temple services. Their requests reflect the needs of the temple and the community's commitment to worship. The mention of Jerusalem underscores the city's centrality in Jewish worship and identity, serving as a reminder of God's promises and the restoration of the temple as a focal point of faith.

must be given to them day by day without fail
The daily provision emphasizes the regularity and consistency required in worship. The phrase "without fail" underscores the importance of faithfulness and reliability in fulfilling God's commands. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's faithfulness to His people and the expectation of reciprocal faithfulness in worship and obedience. Historically, this ensured the uninterrupted practice of temple rituals, reinforcing the community's spiritual resilience and dedication.

so that they may offer sacrifices
The phrase "offer sacrifices" refers to the ancient practice of presenting offerings to God, which was central to Jewish worship. The Hebrew root for "sacrifices" is "זֶבַח" (zevach), which encompasses various types of offerings, including burnt offerings, peace offerings, and sin offerings. These sacrifices were a means of atonement and worship, symbolizing the people's devotion and obedience to God. In the context of Ezra, the rebuilding of the temple was crucial for restoring these sacrificial practices, which were essential for maintaining the covenant relationship with God.

pleasing to the God of heaven
The term "pleasing" indicates that the sacrifices were meant to be acceptable and favorable in the sight of God. The Hebrew word "נִיחוֹחַ" (nihoach) often describes the aroma of sacrifices that are satisfying to God. "The God of heaven" is a title that emphasizes God's sovereignty and authority over all creation. This title is significant in the post-exilic period, highlighting God's supremacy even over earthly rulers. The phrase underscores the importance of offering sacrifices with the right heart and intention, aligning with God's will and purpose.

and pray for the well-being
Prayer is a fundamental aspect of the Jewish faith, serving as a means of communication with God. The Hebrew root "פָּלַל" (palal) for "pray" conveys the idea of interceding or making supplication. In this context, the prayers were for the "well-being" or peace (שָׁלוֹם, shalom) of the king and his sons. This reflects the biblical principle of seeking the welfare of the governing authorities, as seen in Jeremiah 29:7, where the exiles are instructed to pray for the peace of the city where they live.

of the king and his sons
The mention of "the king and his sons" refers to the Persian monarch and his heirs. During the time of Ezra, the Persian Empire was the dominant power, and the Jewish people were under its rule. The king mentioned here is likely Darius I, who supported the rebuilding of the temple. Praying for the king and his sons was not only a gesture of loyalty but also a recognition of God's providence in using foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes. It reflects the biblical teaching that all authority is established by God (Romans 13:1), and believers are called to pray for those in leadership positions.

I also hereby decree
This phrase indicates the authority and solemnity of the proclamation. The decree is issued by King Darius, a Persian ruler, emphasizing the power and influence of the Persian Empire over the Jewish people during this period. The word "decree" in the original Aramaic (the language of this part of Ezra) is "ta'am," which signifies a command or order that is binding and authoritative. This reflects the seriousness with which the Persian kings viewed their edicts, expecting them to be followed without question.

if anyone alters this edict
The phrase underscores the inviolability of the king's command. The term "alters" suggests any form of change or modification, highlighting the importance of maintaining the integrity of the decree. In the historical context, altering a royal edict was considered a grave offense, as it challenged the king's authority and the stability of the empire. This reflects the broader biblical theme of obedience to God’s commands, as altering divine instructions is similarly viewed as rebellion.

a beam is to be pulled from his house
This phrase describes a severe punishment, illustrating the seriousness of the offense. The "beam" refers to a structural component of a house, symbolizing the removal of support and stability. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the house was a symbol of one's legacy and security. The act of pulling a beam from a house signifies the dismantling of one's life and legacy, a powerful metaphor for the consequences of disobedience.

and he is to be lifted up and impaled on it
This graphic punishment reflects the harsh justice of the time. The phrase "lifted up and impaled" indicates a public and humiliating execution, serving as a deterrent to others. The method of impalement was a common form of capital punishment in the ancient world, intended to instill fear and maintain order. This reflects the biblical principle that sin and rebellion lead to severe consequences, both in this life and the next.

And his house is to be made a pile of rubble
The destruction of the offender's house symbolizes total ruin and disgrace. In the ancient world, a person's house was not only their dwelling but also a representation of their family and social status. Turning it into "a pile of rubble" signifies complete obliteration and serves as a warning to others. This imagery is consistent with biblical themes of judgment and the consequences of sin, where rebellion against divine or divinely sanctioned authority leads to destruction.

May God
The invocation of God here is significant, as it acknowledges the sovereignty and ultimate authority of the God of Israel. The Hebrew word for God used in this context is "Elohim," which emphasizes His power and majesty. This appeal to God underscores the belief that He is actively involved in the affairs of nations and rulers, guiding history according to His divine will.

who has caused His Name to dwell there
This phrase refers to the divine presence in the temple in Jerusalem. The "Name" of God represents His character, authority, and presence. In the Hebrew tradition, the temple was not just a building but the dwelling place of God's Name, signifying His covenant relationship with Israel. This reflects the deep theological belief that God chose Jerusalem as a special place for His presence among His people.

overthrow any king or people
The word "overthrow" suggests a divine intervention against those who oppose God's purposes. Historically, this reflects the belief that God is the ultimate judge and protector of His people. The mention of "any king or people" indicates that no earthly power is beyond God's reach or authority, reinforcing the idea that God defends His covenant and His dwelling place.

who lifts a hand to alter this decree
The phrase "lifts a hand" is a metaphor for taking action or making an attempt. In this context, it refers to any effort to change or nullify the decree issued by King Darius. The decree itself is seen as being in alignment with God's will, and thus, any attempt to alter it is viewed as opposing God's plan.

or to destroy this house of God in Jerusalem
The "house of God" refers to the temple, which was central to Jewish worship and identity. The temple's destruction would symbolize a direct attack on the worship and presence of God among His people. Historically, the temple had been destroyed before, and this decree aims to protect it from future threats, emphasizing its importance in the religious and cultural life of Israel.

I, Darius, have issued the decree
King Darius, the ruler of the Persian Empire, is the one making this proclamation. His involvement highlights the historical context of the Persian support for the rebuilding of the temple. Darius's decree is significant because it shows the cooperation between the Persian authorities and the Jewish leaders, reflecting God's providence in using foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes.

Let it be carried out with diligence
The call for diligence underscores the importance and urgency of the task. The Hebrew root for "diligence" conveys a sense of careful and persistent effort. This reflects the need for faithful execution of the decree, ensuring that the temple is rebuilt and that worship can continue without hindrance. It serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience and commitment to God's commands.

Then because of the decree
The phrase "Then because of the decree" indicates a direct response to an authoritative command. In the context of Ezra 6, this decree refers to the edict issued by King Darius, which was a continuation and confirmation of the earlier decree by King Cyrus. The Hebrew root for "decree" (טְעֵם, te‘em) implies a command or decision that carries significant weight and authority. Historically, decrees from Persian kings were considered irrevocable and carried the full force of law, underscoring the divine orchestration in the rebuilding of the temple.

that King Darius had sent
"That King Darius had sent" emphasizes the role of Darius as a facilitator of God's plan. Darius, a Persian king, was used by God to ensure the continuation of the temple's reconstruction. This highlights the sovereignty of God in using even foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes. The historical context shows that Darius was known for his administrative skills and respect for local customs and religions, which God used to benefit His people.

Tattenai, governor of the region west of the Euphrates
"Tattenai, governor of the region west of the Euphrates," identifies a specific historical figure and his jurisdiction. Tattenai was a Persian official overseeing the province that included Judah. His initial opposition to the temple's reconstruction was transformed into support due to the decree. This demonstrates how God can change the hearts of leaders and use them to fulfill His will. The mention of the Euphrates situates the narrative geographically, reminding readers of the vastness of the Persian Empire and the strategic importance of the region.

Shethar-bozenai, and their associates
"Shethar-bozenai, and their associates" refers to other officials and colleagues of Tattenai. The inclusion of these names indicates the collaborative nature of governance in the Persian Empire and the widespread impact of the king's decree. It also reflects the thoroughness of the biblical record in documenting historical events and figures, providing a sense of authenticity and reliability to the narrative.

diligently carried it out
"Diligently carried it out" highlights the prompt and careful execution of the king's decree by Tattenai and his associates. The Hebrew root for "diligently" (עֲבַד, ‘avad) conveys a sense of earnestness and thoroughness. This phrase underscores the importance of obedience to authority, especially when it aligns with God's purposes. It serves as an inspirational reminder that when God's plans are set in motion, they are carried out with precision and care, often through unexpected channels and individuals.

So the Jewish elders continued to build and prosper
The phrase highlights the perseverance and success of the Jewish leaders in rebuilding the temple. The Hebrew root for "elders" (זְקֵנִים, zekenim) signifies not only age but also wisdom and authority. These elders were instrumental in guiding the community through the challenges of reconstruction. Historically, this period was marked by the return from Babylonian exile, a time of renewal and restoration for the Jewish people. The word "prosper" (צָלַח, tsalach) indicates divine favor and success, suggesting that their efforts were blessed by God.

under the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah son of Iddo
This phrase underscores the critical role of prophetic guidance in the rebuilding process. Haggai and Zechariah were prophets who encouraged and motivated the people to complete the temple. Their messages, recorded in the books bearing their names, were filled with exhortations and promises of God's presence and blessing. The mention of "son of Iddo" provides a genealogical link, emphasizing the continuity of prophetic ministry. The prophets' words were not just motivational but were seen as direct communications from God, providing divine direction and assurance.

They finished building according to the command of the God of Israel
The completion of the temple is attributed to divine command, highlighting the sovereignty and authority of God in the affairs of His people. The phrase "command of the God of Israel" (מִצְוַת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, mitzvat Elohei Yisrael) reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God directs and Israel obeys. This obedience to divine command is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness to God's instructions.

and the decrees of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes, kings of Persia
This phrase acknowledges the political and legal support from the Persian kings, which was crucial for the rebuilding project. Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes were instrumental in providing the necessary permissions and resources. The mention of these kings highlights the interplay between divine providence and human authority. Historically, the Persian Empire was known for its policy of religious tolerance, allowing exiled peoples to return to their homelands and rebuild their places of worship. This cooperation between the Jewish leaders and Persian authorities illustrates how God can use secular powers to accomplish His purposes.

And this temple was completed
The completion of the temple marks a significant moment in Jewish history, symbolizing the restoration of worship and the fulfillment of God's promises. The Hebrew root for "completed" is "כָּלָה" (kalah), which conveys a sense of finishing or bringing to an end. This completion is not just a physical act but a spiritual renewal for the Israelites, who had long awaited the restoration of their sacred space. It signifies God's faithfulness and the perseverance of His people through adversity.

on the third day
The specific mention of the "third day" is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing divine intervention and completeness. Throughout Scripture, the third day is associated with resurrection and new beginnings, as seen in the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Here, it underscores the idea of a new chapter for the Israelites, a fresh start in their covenant relationship with God.

of the month of Adar
Adar is the twelfth month in the Hebrew calendar, typically corresponding to February-March in the Gregorian calendar. This timing is significant as it precedes the month of Nisan, which is associated with Passover, a festival commemorating deliverance and freedom. The completion of the temple in Adar sets the stage for a renewed celebration of Passover, highlighting themes of redemption and divine providence.

in the sixth year
The sixth year of King Darius's reign situates this event in a specific historical context, around 516 BC. This period was marked by relative stability and support from the Persian Empire, which allowed the Jews to rebuild their temple. The number six, often associated with human effort and labor, emphasizes the hard work and dedication of the Israelites in partnership with God's provision.

of the reign of King Darius
King Darius I of Persia played a crucial role in the rebuilding of the temple, as he upheld the decrees of his predecessors, Cyrus and Artaxerxes, allowing the Jews to continue their work. His reign is characterized by administrative efficiency and support for local customs and religions, which facilitated the completion of the temple. This highlights the theme of God's sovereignty, using even foreign rulers to accomplish His divine purposes for His people.

Then the people of Israel
This phrase refers to the collective identity of the Israelites, who were the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. Historically, this group had been exiled to Babylon due to their disobedience to God. The return from exile and the rebuilding of the temple marked a significant moment of restoration and renewal of their covenant relationship with God. The term "people of Israel" emphasizes their unity and shared heritage as God's chosen people.

the priests
The priests were descendants of Aaron, tasked with performing sacrifices and maintaining the temple rituals. Their role was crucial in mediating between God and the people, ensuring that the worship and sacrifices were conducted according to the Law. The mention of priests highlights the restoration of proper worship practices and the reestablishment of spiritual leadership in Israel.

the Levites
Levites were members of the tribe of Levi, set apart for religious duties and assisting the priests. They played a vital role in the temple service, including music, teaching, and maintaining the temple. Their inclusion in this celebration underscores the importance of order and structure in worship, as prescribed in the Mosaic Law.

and the rest of the exiles
This phrase refers to the broader community of Israelites who returned from Babylonian captivity. It signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to bring His people back to their land. The return of the exiles was a testament to God's faithfulness and mercy, as He restored them despite their previous disobedience.

celebrated the dedication
The act of dedication was a formal ceremony to consecrate the temple for God's service. This celebration was not merely a ritual but a profound expression of gratitude and commitment to God. It marked a new beginning for the Israelites, symbolizing their renewed devotion and the centrality of worship in their national life.

of the house of God
The "house of God" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, which was the focal point of Israelite worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The rebuilding of the temple was a significant event, as it represented the restoration of the spiritual heart of the nation and a place where God would meet with His people.

with joy
Joy in this context is a deep, spiritual rejoicing that comes from witnessing God's promises fulfilled. It reflects the collective relief and happiness of the people as they see the tangible evidence of God's faithfulness. This joy was not just emotional but was rooted in the spiritual reality of God's presence and favor upon His people.

For the dedication of this house of God
This phrase marks a significant moment in the history of Israel, as it refers to the dedication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Hebrew word for "dedication" is "חֲנֻכָּה" (chanukkah), which signifies a consecration or setting apart for a holy purpose. This dedication was not merely a ceremonial act but a profound spiritual renewal for the Israelites, symbolizing their return to worship and covenant relationship with God after the Babylonian exile.

they offered a hundred bulls
The offering of bulls in ancient Israelite worship was a significant act of sacrifice, symbolizing strength and submission to God. Bulls were considered valuable and were often used in sacrifices to atone for sin and seek God's favor. The number "hundred" signifies completeness and abundance, reflecting the people's wholehearted dedication and gratitude to God for the restoration of the Temple.

two hundred rams
Rams were also used in sacrificial offerings, often associated with consecration and atonement. The Hebrew word for ram, "אַיִל" (ayil), can also mean "leader" or "mighty one," symbolizing leadership and strength. The offering of two hundred rams underscores the community's collective commitment to God and their desire for His guidance and blessing.

four hundred lambs
Lambs were central to Israelite sacrificial practices, often symbolizing innocence and purity. The offering of four hundred lambs represents a significant act of worship and devotion. The number "four hundred" may symbolize a complete and comprehensive offering, reflecting the people's desire for purification and reconciliation with God.

and as a sin offering for all Israel
The sin offering, or "חַטָּאת" (chatat) in Hebrew, was a crucial aspect of the sacrificial system, designed to atone for unintentional sins and restore the relationship between the people and God. The phrase "for all Israel" emphasizes the communal nature of this offering, highlighting the unity and collective responsibility of the nation in seeking forgiveness and renewal.

twelve male goats
The offering of twelve male goats corresponds to the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing the inclusivity and unity of the entire nation in this act of worship. Goats were often used in sin offerings, and their sacrifice here underscores the need for atonement and the desire for God's mercy upon all the tribes.

according to the number of the tribes of Israel
This phrase reinforces the unity and identity of the Israelites as God's chosen people. The twelve tribes represent the fullness of the nation, and their inclusion in the dedication ceremony signifies a collective return to their covenantal relationship with God. This act of dedication was not just a physical restoration of the Temple but a spiritual renewal for the entire nation, reaffirming their identity and purpose as God's people.

They also appointed
The act of appointing here signifies a deliberate and divinely guided organization of religious leadership. The Hebrew root for "appointed" is "עָמַד" (amad), which means to stand or to set in place. This reflects the importance of establishing order and structure in worship, ensuring that those who serve are chosen with purpose and divine guidance. It underscores the necessity of leadership in spiritual matters, emphasizing that God is a God of order, not chaos.

the priests by their divisions
The priests were descendants of Aaron, and their division into groups or courses was a practice that dates back to King David, as recorded in 1 Chronicles 24. This division ensured that the duties of the temple were carried out efficiently and that each priest had a specific role. The Hebrew word for "divisions" is "מַחְלָקָה" (machlaka), which implies a portion or a section. This organization highlights the importance of community and shared responsibility in worship, reflecting the body of Christ where each member has a unique role.

and the Levites by their groups
The Levites, distinct from the priests, were responsible for various supportive roles in the temple, including music, gatekeeping, and assisting the priests. The Hebrew term for "groups" is "כָּתוּב" (katub), meaning written or inscribed, indicating that their roles were well-documented and established. This structure ensured that worship was conducted in a manner that honored God, with each person fulfilling their God-given role, much like the diverse gifts within the church today.

to serve at Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of God, was the center of Jewish worship and the location of the temple. The phrase "to serve" comes from the Hebrew "עָבַד" (avad), meaning to work or to worship. This service was not just a duty but an act of worship, a reminder that all work done for the Lord is sacred. Serving in Jerusalem symbolized serving in the presence of God, a privilege and a responsibility for the priests and Levites.

according to what is written in the Book of Moses
This phrase emphasizes adherence to the Law of Moses, which was the foundation of Jewish religious practice. The "Book of Moses" refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Bible, which contain the laws and commandments given by God. The Hebrew word for "written" is "כָּתוּב" (katub), indicating that these instructions were not arbitrary but divinely inspired and recorded. This adherence to Scripture underscores the importance of grounding worship and service in the Word of God, a principle that remains vital for the church today.

On the fourteenth day
This phrase marks a specific time in the Jewish calendar, the 14th of Nisan, which is significant as the day the Passover lamb was traditionally slaughtered. The precision of this date underscores the importance of adhering to God's commandments as given in Exodus 12:6. Historically, this day is a reminder of God's deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage, symbolizing liberation and divine intervention. The meticulous observance of this date by the exiles reflects their dedication to restoring their covenant relationship with God.

of the first month
The first month, Nisan (or Abib), is the beginning of the Jewish religious calendar. This timing is significant as it represents new beginnings and renewal. For the exiles, celebrating Passover in the first month symbolizes a fresh start in their spiritual journey and a return to their roots after the Babylonian captivity. It is a time of hope and restoration, aligning with the themes of redemption and renewal found throughout the Scriptures.

the exiles
This term refers to the Jewish people who had returned to Jerusalem from Babylonian captivity. Their identity as "exiles" highlights their past suffering and displacement, yet also their resilience and faithfulness. The return from exile is a fulfillment of God's promises through the prophets, such as Jeremiah and Isaiah, who spoke of restoration and return. The exiles' participation in the Passover signifies their reestablishment as God's chosen people and their commitment to His covenant.

kept the Passover
The act of keeping the Passover is a profound expression of obedience and worship. Passover is one of the most significant feasts in Jewish tradition, commemorating the deliverance from Egypt. For the exiles, keeping the Passover was not just a ritualistic observance but a heartfelt act of gratitude and remembrance of God's past deliverance and continued faithfulness. It is a reaffirmation of their identity and faith, serving as a powerful reminder of God's salvation and mercy.

All the priests and Levites
This phrase emphasizes the unity and collective responsibility of the religious leaders in Israel. The priests and Levites were descendants of Levi, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, specifically set apart for religious duties. Historically, the Levites assisted the priests in temple services, and their collaboration here signifies a unified effort in restoring proper worship practices after the Babylonian exile. This unity is a powerful reminder of the importance of communal faithfulness and dedication to God's commands.

had purified themselves
The act of purification was essential for the priests and Levites to perform their duties. In the Hebrew context, purification involved various rituals to cleanse oneself from ceremonial impurity, often involving washing with water, offering sacrifices, and abstaining from certain activities. This purification underscores the holiness required to approach God and serve in His temple, reflecting the broader biblical theme of God's holiness and the need for His people to be set apart.

were ceremonially clean
Being ceremonially clean was a state required for participation in religious activities, especially significant events like the Passover. This cleanliness was not just physical but also spiritual, symbolizing a heart and life dedicated to God. The emphasis on ceremonial cleanliness highlights the importance of inner purity and righteousness in worship, a theme echoed throughout Scripture.

And the Levites slaughtered the Passover lamb
The Levites' role in slaughtering the Passover lamb is significant. The Passover lamb was central to the Passover celebration, commemorating Israel's deliverance from Egypt. The act of slaughtering the lamb was a sacred duty, symbolizing the sacrifice necessary for redemption. This foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world, as described in the New Testament.

for all the exiles
The mention of "all the exiles" highlights the inclusive nature of this Passover celebration. After returning from Babylonian captivity, the exiles were re-establishing their identity as God's chosen people. This act of worship was a reaffirmation of their covenant relationship with God, reminding them of His faithfulness and their collective identity as His people.

for their brothers the priests
This phrase indicates the mutual service and support among the religious leaders. The Levites serving their "brothers the priests" reflects the biblical principle of serving one another in love and unity. It also underscores the interconnectedness of the community of faith, where each member plays a vital role in the worship and service of God.

and for themselves
The inclusion of "and for themselves" signifies the personal responsibility each Levite had in the worship process. It reminds us that while serving others is crucial, personal devotion and purity are equally important. This balance of communal and personal faithfulness is a recurring theme in Scripture, encouraging believers to maintain their own spiritual health while serving the broader community.

The Israelites
This phrase refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, who were chosen by God to be His people. Historically, the Israelites had been exiled to Babylon due to their disobedience to God, but now they were returning to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple. This return signifies a renewal of their covenant relationship with God. The term "Israelites" emphasizes their identity as God's chosen people, set apart for His purposes.

who had returned from exile
This phrase highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to bring His people back to their land after a period of punishment and exile. The return from exile is a significant event in Jewish history, symbolizing restoration and hope. It reflects God's faithfulness and mercy, as He did not abandon His people despite their previous disobedience. The return also marks a new beginning for the Israelites, as they recommit themselves to God's laws and worship.

ate it
This refers to the Passover meal, which the Israelites celebrated as a remembrance of their deliverance from slavery in Egypt. Eating the Passover was an act of obedience and worship, signifying their participation in God's redemptive plan. The meal was a communal event, fostering unity among the people and reinforcing their shared identity and history.

together with all who had separated themselves
This phrase indicates inclusion and openness to those who were not originally part of the Israelite community but chose to join them in worshiping the true God. It reflects the idea that God's covenant is not limited by ethnicity but is open to all who seek Him with a sincere heart. This inclusivity foreshadows the New Testament teaching that salvation through Christ is available to all people.

from the uncleanness of the peoples of the land
The "uncleanness" refers to the idolatrous practices and moral corruption of the surrounding nations. By separating themselves from these influences, the Israelites and the converts demonstrated their commitment to holiness and obedience to God's commands. This separation was necessary to maintain the purity of their worship and to avoid falling back into sin.

to seek the LORD, the God of Israel
This phrase underscores the purpose of their separation and return: to seek a relationship with the LORD. Seeking God involves more than ritual observance; it requires a heartfelt desire to know and follow Him. The title "the God of Israel" reaffirms God's unique covenant relationship with the Israelites, while also inviting others to join in worshiping the one true God. This pursuit of God is central to the life of faith, as it leads to spiritual renewal and blessing.

For seven days
This phrase indicates the duration of the celebration, which is the Feast of Unleavened Bread following the Passover. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection, reflecting the fullness of joy and worship experienced by the Israelites during this time. Historically, the Feast of Unleavened Bread was a time of remembrance for the Israelites, commemorating their deliverance from Egypt and the haste with which they left, as they had no time to let their bread rise.

they kept the Feast of Unleavened Bread
This feast is a significant Jewish festival that follows Passover, emphasizing purity and the removal of sin, symbolized by the absence of leaven. The Hebrew root for "unleavened" is "matzot," which refers to bread made without yeast, representing the Israelites' quick departure from Egypt. This observance is a call to holiness and a reminder of God's deliverance and faithfulness.

with joy
The joy experienced by the Israelites is profound, stemming from their renewed relationship with God and the successful completion of the temple. This joy is not merely an emotional response but a deep, spiritual rejoicing in God's faithfulness and provision. The Hebrew word for joy, "simchah," conveys a sense of gladness and celebration, reflecting the communal and spiritual nature of their worship.

for the LORD had given them joy
This phrase underscores the divine source of their joy. It is God who instills joy in the hearts of His people, a joy that transcends circumstances and is rooted in His presence and promises. The acknowledgment that the LORD is the giver of joy highlights the Israelites' dependence on God and their recognition of His sovereignty and grace.

by changing the attitude of the king of Assyria
This refers to God's sovereign intervention in the affairs of nations. The "king of Assyria" here is likely a reference to Darius, the Persian king, as the Persian Empire had absorbed the Assyrian territories. God's ability to influence the hearts of kings is a recurring theme in Scripture, demonstrating His ultimate authority over earthly rulers. This change of attitude allowed the Israelites to rebuild the temple and worship freely, showcasing God's providential care for His people.

so that he supported them
The support from the king of Assyria, or Darius, was crucial for the Israelites. This support included not only permission to rebuild the temple but also resources and protection. The Hebrew concept of support here implies a strengthening or upholding, indicating that God used the king's favor to establish and secure His people's place in the land.

in the work on the house of God, the God of Israel
The "house of God" refers to the temple in Jerusalem, a central place of worship and a symbol of God's presence among His people. The phrase "the God of Israel" reaffirms the covenant relationship between God and the Israelites. This work on the temple was not just a physical construction project but a spiritual renewal, reestablishing the worship and practices that defined the identity of the Israelite community. The completion of the temple was a testament to God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises to His people.