Exodus 1:8

Then a new king, who did not know Joseph, came to power in Egypt.

Study Bible

Then a new king
This phrase introduces a significant transition in the narrative of Israel's history in Egypt. The "new king" signifies a change in leadership and policy. Historically, this may refer to a shift in dynasties, possibly the rise of the Hyksos or a native Egyptian dynasty that sought to reassert control. This change marks the beginning of Israel's oppression, setting the stage for the Exodus. Theologically, it underscores the theme of God's sovereignty over political changes and His unfolding plan for His people.

who did not know Joseph
Joseph, once a prominent figure in Egypt, had saved the nation from famine and was highly esteemed. The phrase "did not know Joseph" suggests a deliberate disregard for his contributions and the covenantal relationship between Joseph's family and Egypt. This ignorance or willful neglect leads to the Israelites' enslavement. It highlights the transient nature of human favor and the importance of remembering God's past deliverances. This forgetfulness contrasts with God's faithfulness and serves as a warning against neglecting God's works and people.

came to power in Egypt
The rise to power of this new king in Egypt marks a pivotal moment in the biblical narrative. Egypt, a powerful and influential nation, becomes the setting for Israel's suffering and eventual deliverance. This phrase emphasizes the geopolitical context of the time, where Egypt was a dominant force in the ancient Near East. Theologically, it sets the stage for God's demonstration of His power over the mightiest empire of the time, foreshadowing the plagues and the Exodus. It also prefigures Christ's ultimate victory over sin and death, as God delivers His people from bondage.

Persons / Places / Events

1. New King of Egypt
This refers to a Pharaoh who ascended to the throne and did not have any regard or knowledge of Joseph's contributions to Egypt. His lack of awareness or acknowledgment of Joseph's legacy sets the stage for the Israelites' oppression.

2. Joseph
Joseph was a Hebrew who rose to prominence in Egypt, becoming second in command to Pharaoh. His leadership during a time of famine saved Egypt and surrounding nations, including his own family, the Israelites.

3. Egypt
A powerful ancient civilization where the Israelites lived and prospered during Joseph's time. However, with the rise of the new king, Egypt becomes a place of bondage for the Israelites.

4. Israelites
The descendants of Jacob (Israel) who initially found favor in Egypt due to Joseph's position but later became enslaved under the new Pharaoh's rule.

5. Transition of Power
The change in leadership marks a significant shift in the Israelites' circumstances, from favor to oppression, highlighting the impermanence of political alliances and human favor.

Teaching Points

The Impermanence of Human Favor
Human favor is fleeting and can change with new leadership or circumstances. Our ultimate trust should be in God's unchanging nature rather than in human institutions or leaders.

The Importance of Remembering History
The new king's ignorance of Joseph's contributions underscores the importance of remembering and honoring the past. As believers, we should be diligent in remembering God's faithfulness throughout history.

God's Sovereignty in Changing Times
Even when circumstances change and seem unfavorable, God remains sovereign. He can use difficult situations to fulfill His purposes, as seen in the eventual deliverance of the Israelites.

The Role of Leadership
Leadership can significantly impact the lives of people. As Christians, we should pray for our leaders and seek to influence our communities positively, remembering that leadership is a stewardship from God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the new king's ignorance of Joseph's contributions reflect the importance of remembering and honoring history in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our trust remains in God rather than in human leaders or institutions, especially when circumstances change?

3. How does the transition from favor to oppression for the Israelites illustrate the impermanence of human favor, and how can this understanding impact our daily lives?

4. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' experience in Egypt about God's sovereignty and faithfulness during times of trial?

5. How can we, as Christians, influence our communities and leaders to remember and honor the contributions of those who have gone before us, similar to Joseph's legacy in Egypt?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 41-50
These chapters provide the background of Joseph's rise to power in Egypt and his role in saving the nation from famine, setting the stage for the Israelites' initial prosperity in Egypt.

Acts 7:18-19
Stephen's speech before the Sanhedrin references this change in leadership, emphasizing the shift from Joseph's favor to the Israelites' oppression.

Psalm 105:23-25
This Psalm recounts Israel's history, including their time in Egypt, and highlights God's sovereignty even in times of oppression.