2 Samuel 19:40

Then the king went on to Gilgal, and Chimham crossed over with him. All the troops of Judah and half the troops of Israel escorted the king.

Study Bible

Then the king crossed over to Gilgal
This phrase marks a significant moment in King David's return to power after Absalom's rebellion. Gilgal holds historical importance as the first campsite of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan River under Joshua's leadership (Joshua 4:19-20). It was a place of renewal and covenant, symbolizing a return to God's promises. David's crossing to Gilgal signifies a restoration of his kingship and a return to divine favor. Theologically, it echoes themes of redemption and restoration found throughout Scripture, such as the Israelites' return from exile.

and Chimham crossed over with him
Chimham is believed to be the son of Barzillai the Gileadite, who had shown loyalty and support to David during his time of need (2 Samuel 19:31-40). By crossing with David, Chimham represents the faithfulness and reward of those who support God's anointed. This act of loyalty is reminiscent of the blessings promised to those who align themselves with God's purposes, as seen in the stories of Ruth and Rahab. Chimham's inclusion in this journey may also foreshadow the hospitality and provision that David would later extend to him, as mentioned in 1 Kings 2:7.

All the troops of Judah and half the troops of Israel escorted the king
This phrase highlights the political and tribal tensions within the nation of Israel. The division between Judah and Israel is a recurring theme, eventually leading to the split of the united monarchy after Solomon's reign. The support of Judah, David's own tribe, underscores their loyalty, while the partial support from Israel indicates lingering divisions. This situation reflects the broader biblical narrative of unity and division among God's people, paralleling the New Testament call for unity in the body of Christ (Ephesians 4:3-6). The escorting of the king by these troops symbolizes the restoration of order and the re-establishment of David's rule, prefiguring the ultimate reign of Christ as the unifying King.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King David
The central figure in this passage, David is returning to his kingdom after the rebellion of his son Absalom. His journey back to power is marked by reconciliation and political maneuvering.

2. Chimham
A lesser-known figure, Chimham is believed to be the son of Barzillai, a supporter of David. His presence with David signifies loyalty and the continuation of Barzillai's support.

3. Gilgal
A significant location in Israel's history, often associated with renewal and transition. It serves as a backdrop for David's return to power and the reunification of the kingdom.

4. Troops of Judah and Israel
The division of troops highlights the political tension and division within the nation. Judah's full support contrasts with the partial support from Israel, indicating ongoing strife.

5. The Return from Exile
This event marks David's return to Jerusalem and the restoration of his kingship, symbolizing themes of forgiveness, reconciliation, and divine providence.

Teaching Points

Reconciliation and Unity
David's return to Gilgal with the support of both Judah and Israel, albeit partial, underscores the importance of seeking reconciliation and unity within the body of Christ. Believers are called to be peacemakers and bridge builders in their communities.

Loyalty and Support
Chimham's presence with David highlights the value of loyalty and support in times of transition and challenge. Christians are encouraged to stand by their leaders and fellow believers, offering support and encouragement.

Divine Providence
David's restoration to the throne is a testament to God's providence and faithfulness. Believers can trust that God is in control, even in times of turmoil and uncertainty.

Leadership and Servanthood
David's journey back to power is marked by humility and servanthood. Christian leaders are called to emulate Christ's example of servant leadership, prioritizing the well-being of those they lead.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's journey to Gilgal reflect the themes of reconciliation and unity, and how can we apply these themes in our own lives and communities?

2. In what ways does Chimham's loyalty to David inspire us to support our leaders and fellow believers, especially during challenging times?

3. How does the division between the troops of Judah and Israel mirror divisions within the church today, and what steps can we take to promote unity?

4. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's providence in your life. How does David's account encourage you to trust in God's plan?

5. How can we, as Christians, embody the principles of servant leadership demonstrated by David and ultimately by Jesus Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 11
The initial anointing of Saul at Gilgal, which parallels David's return, emphasizing themes of leadership and divine appointment.

Psalm 23
David's trust in God's guidance and protection, relevant to his journey back to Jerusalem.

John 10
Jesus as the Good Shepherd, drawing a parallel to David's role as a shepherd-king who seeks to unify and lead his people.