2 Chronicles 34:4
Then in his presence the altars of the Baals were torn down, and he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them. He shattered the Asherah poles, the carved idols, and the cast images, crushed them to dust, and scattered them over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.
Then in his presence the altars of the Baals were torn down
This phrase highlights King Josiah's direct involvement in the religious reforms of Judah. Baal worship was prevalent in the region, often associated with fertility rites and idolatry. The tearing down of these altars signifies a return to monotheistic worship and a rejection of Canaanite religious practices. This act fulfills the Deuteronomic law, which commands the destruction of pagan altars (Deuteronomy 12:3).

and he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them
Incense altars were used in pagan rituals to offer fragrant smoke to deities. By cutting them to pieces, Josiah was not only physically dismantling these objects but also symbolically severing the spiritual ties they represented. This action echoes the reforms of previous kings like Hezekiah, who also sought to purify worship practices (2 Kings 18:4).

He shattered the Asherah poles
Asherah poles were wooden symbols associated with the goddess Asherah, often placed near altars. Their destruction was a direct attack on the syncretism that had infiltrated Israelite worship. This act aligns with the commandment against idolatry found in Exodus 34:13, where God instructs the Israelites to break down their altars and cut down their Asherah poles.

the carved idols, and the cast images
Carved and cast idols were common in ancient Near Eastern religions, representing various deities. The destruction of these idols was a clear statement against idolatry, reinforcing the first commandment (Exodus 20:3-4). This act also prefigures the ultimate triumph of Christ over false gods and spiritual powers (Colossians 2:15).

crushed them to dust
Crushing the idols to dust signifies total obliteration, ensuring that they could not be reconstructed or revered again. This thorough destruction is reminiscent of Moses grinding the golden calf to powder (Exodus 32:20), symbolizing the complete eradication of idolatry.

and scattered them over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them
Scattering the dust over the graves of idol worshipers was a symbolic act of defilement, indicating that those who participated in idolatry were spiritually dead. This action underscores the seriousness of idolatry and its consequences, as seen in the prophetic warnings throughout the Old Testament (Jeremiah 16:18).

Persons / Places / Events
1. Josiah
The king of Judah who initiated religious reforms to restore the worship of Yahweh. He began his reign at a young age and was zealous for the Lord, seeking to rid the land of idolatry.

2. Baals
Canaanite deities that were often worshipped by the Israelites in times of apostasy. The worship of Baal included various rituals that were detestable to the God of Israel.

3. Asherah Poles
Wooden symbols associated with the worship of the goddess Asherah, often set up beside altars to Baal. These were common in Canaanite religion and were condemned by the Mosaic Law.

4. Idols and Images
Carved and cast representations of deities that were worshipped in place of the one true God. Josiah's actions against these idols were a direct challenge to the prevailing idolatry.

5. Graves of Idolaters
The scattering of the idol remnants over the graves symbolized the utter rejection and desecration of idolatry, showing that those who worshipped these gods were spiritually dead.
Teaching Points
Zeal for Purity
Josiah's actions demonstrate a passionate commitment to spiritual purity. Believers today are called to examine their lives and remove anything that competes with their devotion to God.

Fulfillment of Prophecy
Josiah's reforms were a fulfillment of earlier prophecies, reminding us of God's sovereignty and the certainty of His word. We can trust that God's promises will come to pass.

Radical Obedience
Josiah's thorough destruction of idols shows the importance of radical obedience to God's commands. Partial obedience is not enough; we must fully align our lives with God's will.

Legacy of Faithfulness
Josiah's reforms left a lasting impact on Judah. Our actions and faithfulness can influence future generations, encouraging them to follow God wholeheartedly.

Repentance and Renewal
The removal of idols was a step towards national repentance and spiritual renewal. Personal and communal repentance is essential for experiencing God's renewal in our lives.
Bible Study Questions
1. What can we learn from Josiah's zeal for removing idolatry in our own lives today?

2. How does the fulfillment of prophecy in Josiah's actions encourage us to trust in God's promises?

3. In what ways can we practice radical obedience to God's commands in our daily lives?

4. How can our actions and faithfulness impact future generations in their walk with God?

5. What steps can we take to ensure that our repentance leads to genuine spiritual renewal?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:3-5
The Ten Commandments explicitly prohibit the making and worship of idols, which Josiah's actions directly align with as he seeks to uphold God's law.

1 Kings 13:2
A prophecy concerning Josiah's future actions against the altars of idolatry, demonstrating the fulfillment of God's word through Josiah's reforms.

2 Kings 23:15-20
A parallel account of Josiah's reforms, providing additional details about his actions against idolatry and his commitment to purifying the land.
Josiah the GoodT. Whitelaw 2 Chronicles 34:1-7
Early PietyGriffith Johns.2 Chronicles 34:1-8
Importance of Early PietyW. M. Taylor, D.D.2 Chronicles 34:1-8
Josiah the Old-Fashioned Young ManD. Davies.2 Chronicles 34:1-8
Josiah's Early PietyMonday Club Sermons2 Chronicles 34:1-8
The Example of JoashT. Hughes.2 Chronicles 34:1-8
People
Abdon, Ahikam, Asaiah, Azaliah, Benjamin, David, Hasrah, Hilkiah, Huldah, Israelites, Jahath, Joah, Joahaz, Job, Josiah, Kohath, Kohathites, Levites, Maaseiah, Manasseh, Merari, Meshullam, Micah, Naphtali, Obadiah, Shallum, Shaphan, Simeon, Tikvath, Zechariah
Places
Jerusalem, Second Quarter
Topics
Altars, Asherah, Asherahs, Asherim, Ashe'rim, Baalim, Baals, Ba'als, Beaten, Brake, Break, Broke, Broken, Carved, Chopped, Crushed, Cut, Dead, Dropping, Dust, Engraved, Graven, Graves, Ground, Groves, Hewed, Idols, Images, Incense, Metal, Molten, Offerings, Pieces, Pillars, Placed, Poles, Powder, Presence, Present, Resting-places, Sacrificed, Sacrificing, Scattered, Shrines, Smashed, Stood, Strewed, Streweth, Sun-images, Sun-pillars, Surface, Tore, Torn, Wood
Dictionary of Bible Themes
2 Chronicles 34:4

     7386   incense

2 Chronicles 34:1-4

     5211   art

2 Chronicles 34:1-9

     7266   tribes of Israel

2 Chronicles 34:1-13

     7245   Judah, kingdom of

2 Chronicles 34:3-4

     4290   valleys
     7442   shrine

2 Chronicles 34:3-7

     4906   abolition

2 Chronicles 34:3-13

     8466   reformation

Library
Josiah
'Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem one and thirty years. 2. And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and walked in the ways of David his father, and declined neither to the right hand, nor to the left. 3. For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the carved images,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Josiah and the Newly Found Law
'And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found a book of the law of the Lord given by Moses. 15. And Hilkiah answered and said to Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the Lord. And Hilkiah delivered the book to Shaphan. 16 And Shaphan carried the book to the king, and brought the king word back again, saying, All that was committed to thy servants, they do it. 17. And they have gathered together the money
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The History Books
[Illustration: (drop cap T) Assyrian idol-god] Thus little by little the Book of God grew, and the people He had chosen to be its guardians took their place among the nations. A small place it was from one point of view! A narrow strip of land, but unique in its position as one of the highways of the world, on which a few tribes were banded together. All around great empires watched them with eager eyes; the powerful kings of Assyria, Egypt, and Babylonia, the learned Greeks, and, in later times,
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making

Josiah, a Pattern for the Ignorant.
"Because thine heart was tender, and thou hast humbled thyself before the Lord, when thou heardest what I spake against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and hast rent thy clothes, and wept before Me; I also have heard thee, saith the Lord. Behold therefore, I will gather thee unto thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered into thy grave in peace; and thine eyes shall not see all the evil which I will bring upon this place."--2 Kings
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

Covenanting Performed in Former Ages with Approbation from Above.
That the Lord gave special token of his approbation of the exercise of Covenanting, it belongs to this place to show. His approval of the duty was seen when he unfolded the promises of the Everlasting Covenant to his people, while they endeavoured to perform it; and his approval thereof is continually seen in his fulfilment to them of these promises. The special manifestations of his regard, made to them while attending to the service before him, belonged to one or other, or both, of those exhibitions
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

Chronicles
The comparative indifference with which Chronicles is regarded in modern times by all but professional scholars seems to have been shared by the ancient Jewish church. Though written by the same hand as wrote Ezra-Nehemiah, and forming, together with these books, a continuous history of Judah, it is placed after them in the Hebrew Bible, of which it forms the concluding book; and this no doubt points to the fact that it attained canonical distinction later than they. Nor is this unnatural. The book
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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