1 Samuel 28:14
"What does he look like?" asked Saul. "An old man is coming up," she replied. "And he is wearing a robe." So Saul knew that it was Samuel, and he bowed facedown in reverence.
“What does he look like?” asked Saul.
Saul's inquiry reflects his desperation and fear, as he seeks guidance from the deceased prophet Samuel. This moment occurs during a time when Saul is facing the Philistine army and feels abandoned by God. Saul's question indicates his uncertainty and need for confirmation, highlighting his spiritual decline and reliance on forbidden practices, such as consulting a medium, which was against God's law (Leviticus 19:31).

“An old man is coming up,” she replied.
The medium's description of an "old man" suggests a figure of wisdom and authority, consistent with Samuel's role as a prophet and judge in Israel. The act of "coming up" implies the ancient belief in Sheol, the abode of the dead, which was thought to be below the earth. This reflects the cultural understanding of the afterlife in ancient Israel.

“And he is wearing a robe.”
The robe is significant as it was a distinctive garment associated with prophets and priests. Samuel's robe is mentioned earlier in 1 Samuel 15:27, where Saul tears it, symbolizing the kingdom being torn from him. The robe here serves as a visual confirmation of Samuel's identity and authority, reinforcing the gravity of Saul's encounter.

So Saul knew that it was Samuel,
Saul's recognition of Samuel indicates his belief in the medium's ability to summon the prophet, despite his previous expulsion of mediums from the land (1 Samuel 28:3). This acknowledgment underscores Saul's spiritual crisis and the irony of seeking guidance from the very prophet who had pronounced God's judgment on him.

and he bowed facedown in reverence.
Saul's act of bowing facedown demonstrates a posture of submission and respect, common in ancient Near Eastern cultures when encountering a figure of authority. This gesture contrasts with Saul's earlier disobedience to God's commands, highlighting his desperation and the tragic irony of seeking counsel from Samuel after his death. Saul's reverence here is misplaced, as he should have sought repentance and guidance from God rather than through forbidden means.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Saul
The first king of Israel, who is seeking guidance in desperation as he faces the Philistine army.

2. Samuel
The prophet who anointed Saul as king, now deceased, whom Saul seeks to consult through a medium.

3. Medium at Endor
A woman who practices necromancy, whom Saul visits to summon the spirit of Samuel.

4. Endor
A location in ancient Israel where Saul visits the medium, despite having previously banned such practices.

5. Philistine Army
The opposing force that Saul is preparing to battle, causing him great fear and anxiety.
Teaching Points
The Consequences of Disobedience
Saul's actions are a direct result of his earlier disobedience to God. This serves as a reminder that disobedience can lead to spiritual desperation and poor decision-making.

The Dangers of Seeking Guidance Outside of God
Saul's choice to consult a medium highlights the dangers of seeking guidance from sources other than God. Believers are encouraged to seek wisdom through prayer and Scripture.

The Importance of Spiritual Discernment
Saul's inability to discern God's will leads him to make unwise choices. Christians are called to develop spiritual discernment through a close relationship with God.

The Role of Fear in Decision-Making
Fear drives Saul to act against his own decrees and God's commands. Believers should be cautious of allowing fear to dictate their actions, instead trusting in God's sovereignty.

Reverence for God’s Prophets and Word
Saul's reverence for Samuel, even in death, underscores the importance of respecting God's messengers and their teachings, which are now found in Scripture.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does Saul's decision to consult a medium reveal about his spiritual state and relationship with God?

2. How can we ensure that we seek guidance from God rather than turning to worldly or forbidden sources?

3. In what ways can fear influence our decision-making, and how can we combat this with faith?

4. How does Saul's reverence for Samuel, even after death, challenge us to respect and adhere to biblical teachings?

5. Reflect on a time when disobedience led to negative consequences in your life. How can you learn from Saul's account to make better choices in the future?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 18:10-12
This passage condemns practices like necromancy, which Saul engages in by consulting the medium.

1 Samuel 15:22-23
Highlights Saul's disobedience to God, which led to his rejection as king, setting the stage for his desperate actions in 1 Samuel 28.

Isaiah 8:19-20
Warns against seeking mediums and spiritists, emphasizing reliance on God’s word instead.

Hebrews 9:27
Speaks to the finality of death and judgment, contrasting with Saul's attempt to communicate with the dead.
The Appearance of SamuelP. Richardson, B. A.1 Samuel 28:14
The Appearance of Samuel to Saul At EndorD. Waterland, D. D.1 Samuel 28:14
Night Preceding BattleH. E. Stone.1 Samuel 28:1-25
Lessons from the Incident At EndorJ. A. Miller.1 Samuel 28:7-25
Saul and the Witch of EndorA. Hovey, D. D.1 Samuel 28:7-25
Saul and the Witch of EndorR. Bickersteth, D. D.1 Samuel 28:7-25
Saul At EndorJ. Parker, D. D.1 Samuel 28:7-25
Spiritualism a FollyJ. Robertson.1 Samuel 28:7-25
The Religion of GhostsT. De Witt Talmage, D. D.1 Samuel 28:7-25
The Witch of EndorJ. Legge, M. A.1 Samuel 28:7-25
A God-Forsaken ManD. Fraser 1 Samuel 28:11-15
The Sentence of Rejection ConfirmedB. Dale 1 Samuel 28:12-20
People
Achish, Amalek, Amalekites, David, Israelites, Samuel, Saul
Places
Amalek, En-dor, Gath, Gilboa, Ramah, Shunem
Topics
Aged, Appearance, Bent, Bowed, Boweth, Covered, Face, Form, Ground, Homage, Honour, Knoweth, Mantle, Obeisance, Perceived, Prostrated, Robe, Samuel, Saul, Stooped, Upper, Wrapped
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Samuel 28:14

     5174   prostration

1 Samuel 28:3-15

     4155   divination

1 Samuel 28:3-16

     4175   mediums

1 Samuel 28:3-20

     4190   spiritism

1 Samuel 28:4-20

     8160   seeking God

1 Samuel 28:13-14

     5063   spirit, nature of

1 Samuel 28:14-20

     4132   demons, malevolence

Library
So Then we must Confess that the Dead Indeed do not Know what Is...
18. So then we must confess that the dead indeed do not know what is doing here, but while it is in doing here: afterwards, however, they hear it from those who from hence go to them at their death; not indeed every thing, but what things those are allowed to make known who are suffered also to remember these things; and which it is meet for those to hear, whom they inform of the same. It may be also, that from the Angels, who are present in the things which are doing here, the dead do hear somewhat,
St. Augustine—On Care to Be Had for the Dead.

An Exhortation to Love God
1. An exhortation. Let me earnestly persuade all who bear the name of Christians to become lovers of God. "O love the Lord, all ye his saints" (Psalm xxxi. 23). There are but few that love God: many give Him hypocritical kisses, but few love Him. It is not so easy to love God as most imagine. The affection of love is natural, but the grace is not. Men are by nature haters of God (Rom. i. 30). The wicked would flee from God; they would neither be under His rules, nor within His reach. They fear God,
Thomas Watson—A Divine Cordial

There is a Blessedness in Reversion
Blessed are the poor in spirit. Matthew 5:3 Having done with the occasion, I come now to the sermon itself. Blessed are the poor in spirit'. Christ does not begin his Sermon on the Mount as the Law was delivered on the mount, with commands and threatenings, the trumpet sounding, the fire flaming, the earth quaking, and the hearts of the Israelites too for fear; but our Saviour (whose lips dropped as the honeycomb') begins with promises and blessings. So sweet and ravishing was the doctrine of this
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

The Covenant of Grace
Q-20: DID GOD LEAVE ALL MANKIND TO PERISH 1N THE ESTATE OF SIN AND MISERY? A: No! He entered into a covenant of grace to deliver the elect out of that state, and to bring them into a state of grace by a Redeemer. 'I will make an everlasting covenant with you.' Isa 55:5. Man being by his fall plunged into a labyrinth of misery, and having no way left to recover himself, God was pleased to enter into a new covenant with him, and to restore him to life by a Redeemer. The great proposition I shall go
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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