1 Samuel 22:7

Then Saul said to his servants, "Listen, men of Benjamin! Is the son of Jesse giving all of you fields and vineyards and making you commanders of thousands or hundreds?

Study Bible

Then Saul said
This phrase introduces a pivotal moment in the narrative, highlighting King Saul's authority and his role as the speaker. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used to denote a declaration or command. Saul's words here are not just casual conversation; they are a royal proclamation, reflecting his growing paranoia and desperation as he perceives David as a threat to his throne.

to his servants who stood around him
The "servants" refer to Saul's loyal followers, likely his court officials and military leaders. The Hebrew word "עֲבָדִים" (avadim) implies those who are in service or bondage, indicating their duty-bound allegiance to Saul. The phrase "stood around him" suggests a formal setting, possibly a council or assembly, where Saul is addressing his inner circle, emphasizing the gravity of the situation.

Hear now, O Benjamites!
Saul's call to "hear" is a command for attention, derived from the Hebrew "שְׁמַע" (shema), which means to listen or obey. By addressing them as "Benjamites," Saul is appealing to tribal loyalty. Saul himself is from the tribe of Benjamin, and this appeal underscores the tribal dynamics and tensions within Israel. It reflects Saul's attempt to rally his kinsmen against David, who is from the tribe of Judah.

Will the son of Jesse
This phrase is a dismissive reference to David, emphasizing his humble origins. By not using David's name, Saul seeks to undermine his legitimacy and status. "Son of Jesse" is a reminder of David's non-royal lineage, contrasting with Saul's own kingly heritage. This reflects Saul's insecurity and his attempt to belittle David in the eyes of his followers.

give every one of you fields and vineyards?
Fields and vineyards symbolize wealth and prosperity in ancient Israel. Saul is questioning whether David can offer the same material rewards that he, as king, can provide. The Hebrew context here suggests a transactional relationship, where loyalty is bought with land and riches. Saul's rhetorical question implies that David lacks the resources to reward them, thus challenging their allegiance.

Will he make you all commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds?
This phrase refers to military leadership positions, which were highly coveted and signified honor and authority. The structure of "thousands" and "hundreds" reflects the organization of Israel's army, with "commanders" (Hebrew "שָׂרִים", sarim) being leaders of these units. Saul is questioning David's ability to promote them to such positions of power, again appealing to their self-interest and ambition. This highlights Saul's manipulation, as he tries to secure loyalty through promises of power and status.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Saul
The first king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who later becomes increasingly paranoid and jealous of David.

2. Servants of Saul
These are the men who serve King Saul, likely including his military leaders and advisors.

3. Benjamites
Members of the tribe of Benjamin, Saul's own tribe, whom he addresses in this passage.

4. David (Son of Jesse)
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who is currently on the run from Saul.

5. Fields and Vineyards
Symbols of wealth and prosperity, which Saul uses to question the loyalty of his men.

Teaching Points

The Danger of Jealousy
Saul's jealousy of David leads him to irrational behavior and paranoia. Jealousy can cloud judgment and lead to destructive actions.

Misplaced Trust in Material Rewards
Saul attempts to secure loyalty through promises of wealth and power. True loyalty and leadership are not built on material incentives but on integrity and righteousness.

Tribal Loyalty vs. God's Anointing
Saul appeals to tribal loyalty, but God's anointing of David shows that divine purpose transcends human affiliations and biases.

The Cost of Leadership
Saul's question highlights the cost of leadership and the sacrifices leaders may demand. It challenges us to consider what we are willing to give or compromise for power and position.

God's Sovereignty in Leadership
Despite Saul's attempts to control and manipulate, God's plan for David's kingship prevails, reminding us of God's ultimate authority over human affairs.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Saul's appeal to the Benjamites reflect his insecurity and fear regarding David's rising influence?

2. In what ways do we see leaders today using material incentives to secure loyalty, and how does this compare to Saul's approach?

3. How can jealousy and fear impact our relationships and decision-making, and what biblical principles can help us overcome these emotions?

4. Reflect on a time when you faced a choice between loyalty to a person or group and following God's direction. How did you navigate that situation?

5. How does understanding God's sovereignty in leadership roles influence your perspective on current leaders and authorities in your life?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 8:10-18
This passage describes Samuel's warning to Israel about the demands a king would place on them, including taking their fields and vineyards, which connects to Saul's offer of these as rewards.

1 Samuel 18:8-9
Saul's jealousy of David is evident here, as he becomes suspicious and fearful of David's rising popularity and success.

Matthew 6:24
This verse speaks to the impossibility of serving two masters, which relates to Saul's attempt to secure loyalty through material rewards.