1 Samuel 20:34

Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father's shameful treatment of David.

Study Bible

Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger
Jonathan's reaction is significant, as it demonstrates his deep loyalty to David and his moral integrity. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, family loyalty was paramount, yet Jonathan's anger indicates a prioritization of righteousness over familial allegiance. This fierce anger can be seen as a reflection of righteous indignation, similar to Jesus' anger in the temple (John 2:13-17), where injustice and wrongdoing provoke a strong emotional response.

and did not eat any food that second day of the month
The mention of the "second day of the month" refers to the New Moon festival, a time of religious observance and communal meals (Numbers 10:10). Jonathan's refusal to eat is a significant act of protest and mourning, aligning with biblical instances where fasting is used to express grief or repentance (Ezra 8:21-23). This abstention underscores the gravity of the situation and Jonathan's deep distress over his father's actions.

for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David
Jonathan's grief highlights the covenantal friendship between him and David, which is a central theme in 1 Samuel. This friendship is a model of loyalty and selflessness, reflecting the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor (Leviticus 19:18). Saul's treatment of David is described as "shameful," indicating a breach of both royal and divine duty. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative of God's anointed being unjustly persecuted, a theme that finds its ultimate fulfillment in the life of Jesus Christ, who was also rejected and mistreated by those in authority (Isaiah 53:3).

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and integrity, Jonathan is deeply troubled by his father's unjust actions towards David.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point, he is a fugitive due to King Saul's jealousy and attempts on his life.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, whose jealousy and fear of losing his throne lead him to seek David's life. His actions cause a rift with his son, Jonathan.

4. New Moon Festival
A significant religious observance in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of the month. It was a time for feasting and fellowship, making Jonathan's absence notable.

5. Ramah
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, it is the place where David fled to seek refuge with Samuel, highlighting the tension and danger he faced.

Teaching Points

Loyalty in Friendship
Jonathan's actions demonstrate the importance of loyalty and integrity in friendships, even when it requires standing against one's own family.

Righteous Anger
Jonathan's anger is described as "fierce," yet it is rooted in a righteous cause—defending the innocent and opposing injustice.

Courage to Stand Alone
Jonathan's decision to abstain from the feast shows the courage required to stand alone for what is right, even in the face of familial pressure.

Grief Over Sin
Jonathan's grief over his father's actions highlights the appropriate response to sin and injustice, prompting us to reflect on our own reactions to wrongdoing.

The Cost of Discipleship
Jonathan's willingness to risk his relationship with his father for David's sake mirrors the cost of discipleship, where following God's will may lead to personal sacrifice.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's loyalty to David challenge us in our own friendships and relationships today?

2. In what ways can we express righteous anger in situations of injustice, following Jonathan's example?

3. What are some practical steps we can take to stand alone for what is right, even when it is difficult?

4. How can we cultivate a heart that grieves over sin and injustice, as Jonathan did?

5. Reflect on a time when following God's will required personal sacrifice. How does Jonathan's account encourage you in similar situations?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the covenant of friendship between Jonathan and David, emphasizing the depth of their bond and Jonathan's commitment to David's well-being.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the loyalty and steadfastness of true friendship, which is exemplified in Jonathan's actions and feelings towards David.

Matthew 5:44
Jesus' teaching on loving one's enemies can be seen in Jonathan's behavior, as he navigates his relationship with his father, Saul, while protecting David.