1 Samuel 20:33

Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him; so Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David.

Study Bible

Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him.
This phrase highlights Saul's intense anger and irrational behavior, which had been escalating throughout the narrative. Saul's attempt to kill his own son, Jonathan, underscores the depth of his jealousy and paranoia regarding David. This act of violence is consistent with Saul's previous attempts to kill David (1 Samuel 18:11, 19:10), showing a pattern of using his spear as a weapon of murder. The spear, a common weapon in ancient warfare, symbolizes Saul's reliance on physical power rather than spiritual guidance. Saul's actions reflect a heart hardened against God's will, as he prioritizes his own kingship over God's anointed successor, David. This moment also foreshadows the eventual breakdown of Saul's reign and his tragic end.

So Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David.
Jonathan's realization marks a turning point in his relationship with both his father and David. Despite his loyalty to Saul as his father and king, Jonathan's covenant with David (1 Samuel 18:3) and his recognition of David's anointing by God (1 Samuel 23:17) compel him to protect David. This knowledge confirms the seriousness of Saul's intentions and the danger David faces. Jonathan's discernment and subsequent actions demonstrate his integrity and faithfulness, qualities that align with biblical principles of friendship and loyalty (Proverbs 17:17). Jonathan's role as a mediator and protector of David can be seen as a type of Christ, who intercedes on behalf of humanity. This moment also sets the stage for David's eventual rise to kingship, as Jonathan's support helps preserve David's life, ensuring the fulfillment of God's promise.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Saul
The first king of Israel, anointed by the prophet Samuel. Saul's jealousy and fear of losing his kingdom lead him to attempt to kill David.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Jonathan is caught between his loyalty to his father and his covenant friendship with David.

3. David
Anointed by Samuel to be the next king of Israel. David is a man after God's own heart, and his life is marked by faithfulness and trust in God despite being pursued by Saul.

4. The Spear
A symbol of Saul's violent intent and his descent into irrationality and rage. It represents the physical manifestation of Saul's inner turmoil and rejection of God's will.

5. The Event
This moment is a turning point where Jonathan fully realizes the extent of his father's intentions against David, solidifying his commitment to protect his friend.

Teaching Points

The Destructive Power of Jealousy
Saul's jealousy blinds him to God's plan and leads to destructive behavior. We must guard our hearts against jealousy, which can lead us away from God's will.

The Courage of True Friendship
Jonathan's loyalty to David, even at great personal risk, exemplifies the courage and selflessness required in true friendship. We are called to support and protect our friends, even when it is difficult.

Recognizing God's Sovereignty
Despite Saul's attempts to thwart God's plan, David's life is preserved. This reminds us that God's purposes will prevail, and we can trust in His sovereignty over our lives.

The Cost of Disobedience
Saul's disobedience to God leads to his downfall. We are reminded of the importance of obedience to God's commands and the consequences of turning away from Him.

The Role of Discernment
Jonathan's realization of his father's intentions highlights the need for discernment in our relationships and situations. We must seek God's wisdom to understand the true nature of the circumstances we face.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Saul's jealousy and anger towards David reflect the dangers of allowing negative emotions to control our actions? Can you identify a situation in your life where jealousy might be affecting your decisions?

2. In what ways does Jonathan's friendship with David challenge us to be better friends? How can we apply this in our relationships today?

3. How does the account of Saul and David illustrate the importance of trusting in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem dire?

4. What lessons can we learn from Saul's disobedience and its consequences? How can we ensure that we remain obedient to God's will in our own lives?

5. How can we develop discernment like Jonathan to recognize the true intentions of those around us? What steps can we take to seek God's wisdom in our daily decisions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:10-11
Earlier instances of Saul's attempts to kill David with a spear, showing a pattern of behavior driven by jealousy and fear.

Proverbs 27:4
Discusses the destructive nature of wrath and jealousy, which can be seen in Saul's actions towards David.

John 15:13
Highlights the theme of sacrificial friendship, as Jonathan risks his own safety to protect David, reflecting the love that Jesus speaks of.