1 Samuel 19:5

He took his life in his hands when he struck down the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced, so why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?"

Study Bible

He took his life in his hands when he struck down the Philistine
This phrase refers to David's courageous act of faith when he faced Goliath, the Philistine giant, in 1 Samuel 17. David's willingness to risk his life demonstrates his trust in God rather than in human strength or armor. This act is a pivotal moment in Israel's history, showcasing God's power to deliver through unlikely means. The phrase "took his life in his hands" indicates the extreme danger and personal risk involved, highlighting David's bravery and reliance on divine intervention.

and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel
The victory over Goliath was not just a personal triumph for David but a significant deliverance for the entire nation of Israel. This event is a testament to God's faithfulness and His ability to save His people through unexpected instruments. The term "great salvation" underscores the magnitude of the victory, which turned the tide against the Philistines and brought peace and security to Israel. This deliverance is a type of the ultimate salvation that God provides through Jesus Christ, who delivers humanity from sin and death.

You saw it and rejoiced
This part of the verse is directed at Saul, reminding him of his initial reaction to David's victory. Saul's joy at the time indicates his recognition of God's hand in the event. It serves as a reminder of the shared national celebration and the acknowledgment of God's intervention. This joy contrasts with Saul's later jealousy and hostility towards David, highlighting the change in Saul's heart and his departure from God's will.

so why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?
This rhetorical question challenges Saul's intentions to harm David, who is described as "innocent." The phrase "innocent blood" is significant in biblical law, which condemns the shedding of innocent blood (Deuteronomy 19:10). The question underscores the moral and spiritual implications of Saul's actions, urging him to reconsider his unjustified hostility. It also reflects the biblical principle of justice and the protection of the innocent, which is a recurring theme throughout Scripture. David, as a type of Christ, prefigures the ultimate innocent one, Jesus, who was also unjustly persecuted.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
A young shepherd who became a hero in Israel after defeating Goliath, the Philistine giant. He is anointed by God to be the future king of Israel.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly jealous and fearful of David's rising popularity and God's favor upon him.

3. Jonathan
Saul's son and David's close friend, who advocates for David and seeks to protect him from Saul's wrath.

4. Philistine
Refers to Goliath, the giant warrior whom David defeated, symbolizing God's power and deliverance through David.

5. Israel
The nation of God's chosen people, who witnessed God's deliverance through David's victory over Goliath.

Teaching Points

Courage and Faith
David's willingness to face Goliath demonstrates the courage that comes from faith in God. Believers are encouraged to trust God in their own battles.

God's Deliverance
The victory over Goliath is a reminder of God's power to deliver His people. We should remember and celebrate God's past faithfulness in our lives.

Advocacy for Justice
Jonathan's defense of David teaches us the importance of standing up for what is right, even when it is difficult or dangerous.

The Danger of Jealousy
Saul's jealousy leads him to contemplate murder. We must guard our hearts against jealousy and its destructive consequences.

Value of Innocent Life
The verse underscores the sanctity of life and the sin of shedding innocent blood, aligning with the broader biblical teaching on the value of human life.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's faith in God during his battle with Goliath inspire you to face your own challenges?

2. In what ways can you celebrate and remember God's deliverance in your life, similar to how Israel rejoiced in David's victory?

3. How can Jonathan's example of advocating for David encourage you to stand up for justice and righteousness in your community?

4. What steps can you take to guard your heart against jealousy and its potential to lead to sin, as seen in Saul's actions?

5. How does the concept of "innocent blood" in this passage connect with Jesus' teachings in the New Testament, and how can it influence your view on the sanctity of life?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 17
This chapter details David's battle with Goliath, highlighting his faith in God and God's deliverance.

Psalm 18
David's song of deliverance, where he praises God for saving him from his enemies, reflecting the themes of divine protection and deliverance.

Matthew 5:21-22
Jesus' teaching on anger and murder, which can be connected to the idea of "innocent blood" and the sin of unjustly taking a life.