Judges 9:22
New International Version
After Abimelek had governed Israel three years,

New Living Translation
After Abimelech had ruled over Israel for three years,

English Standard Version
Abimelech ruled over Israel three years.

Berean Standard Bible
After Abimelech had reigned over Israel for three years,

King James Bible
When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel,

New King James Version
After Abimelech had reigned over Israel three years,

New American Standard Bible
Now Abimelech ruled over Israel for three years.

NASB 1995
Now Abimelech ruled over Israel three years.

NASB 1977
Now Abimelech ruled over Israel three years.

Legacy Standard Bible
And Abimelech governed over Israel three years.

Amplified Bible
Abimelech ruled over Israel for three years.

Christian Standard Bible
When Abimelech had ruled over Israel three years,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
When Abimelech had ruled over Israel three years,

American Standard Version
And Abimelech was prince over Israel three years.

Contemporary English Version
Abimelech had been a military commander of Israel for three years,

English Revised Version
And Abimelech was prince over Israel three years.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Abimelech ruled Israel for three years.

Good News Translation
Abimelech ruled Israel for three years.

International Standard Version
Abimelech dominated Israel for three years.

Majority Standard Bible
After Abimelech had reigned over Israel for three years,

NET Bible
Abimelech commanded Israel for three years.

New Heart English Bible
Abimelech was prince over Israel three years.

Webster's Bible Translation
When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel,

World English Bible
Abimelech was prince over Israel three years.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Abimelech is prince over Israel [for] three years,

Young's Literal Translation
And Abimelech is prince over Israel three years,

Smith's Literal Translation
And Abimelech will have dominion over Israel three years,
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
So Abimelech reigned over Israel for three years.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And so Abimelech reigned over Israel for three years.

New American Bible
When Abimelech had ruled Israel for three years,

New Revised Standard Version
Abimelech ruled over Israel three years.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
When Abimeleck had reigned over Israel three years,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Abimelek was authorized over Israel three years
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And Abimelech was prince over Israel three years.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Abimelech reigned over Israel three years.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Gaal Conspires with the Shechemites
22After Abimelech had reigned over Israel for three years, 23God sent a spirit of animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem and caused them to treat Abimelech deceitfully,…

Cross References
1 Samuel 8:5-7
“Look,” they said, “you are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now appoint a king to judge us like all the other nations.” / But when they said, “Give us a king to judge us,” their demand was displeasing in the sight of Samuel; so he prayed to the LORD. / And the LORD said to Samuel, “Listen to the voice of the people in all that they say to you. For it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected Me as their king.

1 Samuel 12:12-15
But when you saw that Nahash king of the Ammonites was moving against you, you said to me, ‘No, we must have a king to rule over us’—even though the LORD your God was your king. / Now here is the king you have chosen, the one you requested. Behold, the LORD has placed a king over you. / If you fear the LORD and serve Him and obey His voice, and if you do not rebel against the command of the LORD, and if both you and the king who rules over you follow the LORD your God, then all will be well. ...

1 Samuel 16:1
Now the LORD said to Samuel, “How long are you going to mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go. I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem, for I have selected from his sons a king for Myself.”

2 Samuel 2:4
Then the men of Judah came to Hebron, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, “It was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul.”

2 Samuel 5:3
So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where King David made with them a covenant before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel.

2 Kings 11:17-20
Then Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people that they would be the LORD’s people. He also made a covenant between the king and the people. / So all the people of the land went to the temple of Baal and tore it down. They smashed the altars and idols to pieces, and they killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altars. And Jehoiada the priest posted guards for the house of the LORD. / He took with him the commanders of hundreds, the Carites, the guards, and all the people of the land, and they brought the king down from the house of the LORD and entered the royal palace by way of the Gate of the Guards. Then Joash took his seat on the royal throne, ...

2 Kings 23:3
So the king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before the LORD to follow the LORD and to keep His commandments, decrees, and statutes with all his heart and all his soul, and to carry out the words of the covenant that were written in this book. And all the people entered into the covenant.

Hosea 8:4
They set up kings, but not by Me. They make princes, but without My approval. With their silver and gold they make themselves idols, to their own destruction.

Hosea 13:10-11
Where is your king now to save you in all your cities, and the rulers to whom you said, “Give me a king and princes”? / So in My anger I gave you a king, and in My wrath I took him away.

Psalm 2:1-6
Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? / The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together, against the LORD and against His Anointed One: / “Let us break Their chains and cast away Their cords.” ...

Psalm 75:6-7
For exaltation comes neither from east nor west, nor out of the desert, / but it is God who judges; He brings down one and exalts another.

Proverbs 8:15-16
By me kings reign, and rulers enact just laws; / By me princes rule, and all nobles who govern justly.

Daniel 2:21
He changes the times and seasons; He removes kings and establishes them. He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to the discerning.

Matthew 2:22
But when he learned that Archelaus was reigning in Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. And having been warned in a dream, he withdrew to the district of Galilee,

Matthew 27:24
When Pilate saw that he was accomplishing nothing, but that instead a riot was breaking out, he took water and washed his hands before the crowd. “I am innocent of this man’s blood,” he said. “You bear the responsibility.”


Treasury of Scripture

When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel,

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Abimelech Abim'elech Chief Israel Prince Reigned Ruled Three
Judges 9
1. Abimelech by conspiracy with the Shechemites, and murder of his brothers, is made king
7. Jotham by a parable rebukes them, and foretells their ruin
22. Gaal conspires with the Shechemites against him
30. Zebul reveals it
34. Abimelech overcomes them, and sows the city with salt
46. He burns the hold of the god Berith
50. At Thebez he is slain by a piece of a millstone
56. Jotham's curse is fulfilled.














After Abimelech had reigned
The phrase "After Abimelech had reigned" introduces us to a period of governance under Abimelech, the son of Gideon (also known as Jerubbaal). The Hebrew root for "reigned" is "māšal," which implies ruling or having dominion. This word choice is significant as it reflects not just a political leadership but a dominion that often carries a connotation of control or even oppression, which is fitting given Abimelech's violent rise to power. Historically, Abimelech's reign was marked by treachery and bloodshed, as he killed his seventy brothers to secure his position. This act of fratricide sets the tone for his rule, which was not divinely appointed but self-imposed, contrasting with the God-ordained judges who preceded him.

over Israel
The phrase "over Israel" indicates the scope of Abimelech's rule. Israel, during this period, was a loose confederation of tribes rather than a unified nation. Abimelech's rule was primarily over Shechem and its surrounding areas, rather than the entirety of Israel. This reflects the fragmented nature of Israelite society during the time of the Judges, where local leaders often held sway over specific regions. Theologically, this period is marked by a cycle of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance, with Abimelech's rule representing a deviation from the divine order, as he was not raised by God to deliver Israel but seized power through violence.

for three years
The duration "for three years" is significant in biblical numerology, where the number three often symbolizes completeness or divine perfection. However, in this context, the three years of Abimelech's reign can be seen as a period of incomplete or imperfect rule, marked by instability and divine disfavor. Historically, this short reign reflects the unsustainable nature of leadership founded on treachery and violence. Scripturally, it serves as a prelude to the divine retribution that follows, as God sends an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem, leading to his downfall. This brief period of rule underscores the biblical theme that leadership not grounded in God's will is ultimately doomed to fail.

(22) Had reigned.--The verb is here s-r, not malak, as in Judges 9:6; but whether the change of word is meant to be significant we cannot say.

Over Israel--i.e., over all the Israelites who would accept his authority--mainly the central tribes.

Verse 22. - Had reigned. The Hebrew word here used is quite a different one from that in vers. 8, 10, 12, 14, and elsewhere, where the reign of a king is designated. It means to exercise dominion, to be a chief or captain over a people. The use of it here suggests that though, as we read in ver. 6, the Canaanite men of Shechem and the house of Millo had made him their king, yet he was not made king by the tribes in general, only he exercised a kind of dominion over them, or over a sufficiently large portion of them to warrant their being called Israel.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
After Abimelech
אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ (’ă·ḇî·me·leḵ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 40: Abimelech -- 'father is king', a Philistine name, also an Israelite name

had reigned
וַיָּ֧שַׂר (way·yā·śar)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7786: Make princes, have power, reign

over
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

for three
שָׁלֹ֥שׁ (šā·lōš)
Number - feminine singular
Strong's 7969: Three, third, thrice

years,
שָׁנִֽים׃ (šā·nîm)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 8141: A year


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OT History: Judges 9:22 Abimelech was prince over Israel three years (Jd Judg. Jdg)
Judges 9:21
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