1What can we say that we have discovered about our ancestor Abraham? 2If Abraham had God's approval because of something he did, he would have had a reason to brag. But he could not brag to God about it. 3What does Scripture say? "Abraham believed God, and that faith was regarded by God to be his approval of Abraham." 4When people work, their pay is not regarded as a gift but something they have earned. 5However, when people don't work but believe God, the one who approves ungodly people, their faith is regarded as God's approval. 6David says the same thing about those who are blessed: God approves of people without their earning it. David said,

7"Blessed are those whose disobedience is forgiven and whose sins are pardoned.

8Blessed is the person whom the Lord no longer considers sinful."

9Are only the circumcised people blessed, or are uncircumcised people blessed as well? We say, "Abraham's faith was regarded as God's approval of him." 10How was his faith regarded as God's approval? Was he circumcised or was he uncircumcised at that time? He had not been circumcised. 11Abraham's faith was regarded as God's approval while he was still uncircumcised. The mark of circumcision is the seal of that approval. Therefore, he is the father of every believer who is not circumcised, and their faith, too, is regarded as God's approval of them. 12He is also the father of those who not only are circumcised but also are following in the footsteps of his faith. Our father Abraham had that faith before he was circumcised.

13So it was not by obeying Moses' Teachings that Abraham or his descendants received the promise that he would inherit the world. Rather, it was through God's approval of his faith. 14If those who obey Moses' Teachings are the heirs, then faith is useless and the promise is worthless. 15The laws in Moses' Teachings bring about anger. But where laws don't exist, they can't be broken.

16Therefore, the promise is based on faith so that it can be a gift. Consequently, the promise is guaranteed for every descendant, not only for those who are descendants by obeying Moses' Teachings but also for those who are descendants by believing as Abraham did. He is the father of all of us, 17as Scripture says: "I have made you a father of many things." Abraham believed when he stood in the presence of the God who gives life to dead people and calls into existence nations that don't even exist. 18When there was nothing left to hope for, Abraham still hoped and believed. As a result, he became a father of many nations, as he had been told: "That is how many descendants you will have." 19Abraham didn't weaken. Through faith he regarded the facts: His body was already as good as dead now that he was about a hundred years old, and Sarah was unable to have children. 20He didn't doubt God's promise out of a lack of faith. Instead, giving honor to God [for the promise], he became strong because of faith 21and was absolutely confident that God would do what he promised. 22That is why his faith was regarded as God's approval of him. 23But the words "his faith was regarded as God's approval of him" were written not only for him 24but also for us. Our faith will be regarded as God's approval of us who believe in the one who brought Jesus, our Lord, back to life. 25Jesus, our Lord, was handed over to death because of our failures and was brought back to life so that we could receive God's approval.