Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights. New Living Translation “If a man who has married a slave wife takes another wife for himself, he must not neglect the rights of the first wife to food, clothing, and sexual intimacy. English Standard Version If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or her marital rights. Berean Standard Bible If he takes another wife, he must not reduce the food, clothing, or marital rights of his first wife. King James Bible If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. New King James Version If he takes another wife, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marriage rights. New American Standard Bible If he takes to himself another woman, he may not reduce her food, her clothing, or her conjugal rights. NASB 1995 “If he takes to himself another woman, he may not reduce her food, her clothing, or her conjugal rights. NASB 1977 “If he takes to himself another woman, he may not reduce her food, her clothing, or her conjugal rights. Legacy Standard Bible If he takes for himself another woman, he may not reduce her food, her clothing, or her conjugal rights. Amplified Bible If her master marries another wife, he may not reduce her food, her clothing, or her privilege as a wife. Christian Standard Bible If he takes an additional wife, he must not reduce the food, clothing, or marital rights of the first wife. Holman Christian Standard Bible If he takes an additional wife, he must not reduce the food, clothing, or marital rights of the first wife. American Standard Version If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. Contemporary English Version If the man later marries another woman, he must continue to provide food and clothing for the one he bought and to treat her as a wife. English Revised Version If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. GOD'S WORD® Translation If that son marries another woman, he must not deprive the first wife of food, clothes, or sex. Good News Translation If a man takes a second wife, he must continue to give his first wife the same amount of food and clothing and the same rights that she had before. International Standard Version If he takes another woman for himself, he may not withhold from the first her food, her clothing, or her marital rights. Majority Standard Bible If he takes another wife, he must not reduce the food, clothing, or marital rights of his first wife. NET Bible If he takes another wife, he must not diminish the first one's food, her clothing, or her marital rights. New Heart English Bible If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marital rights. Webster's Bible Translation If he shall take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage shall he not diminish. World English Bible If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marital rights. Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionIf he takes another [woman] for him, he does not withdraw her food, her covering, and her habitation; Young's Literal Translation If another woman he take for him, her food, her covering, and her habitation, he doth not withdraw; Smith's Literal Translation If he shall take to him another, her food and her covering and her cohabitation he shall not take away. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleAnd if he take another wife for him, he shall provide her a marriage, and raiment, neither shall he refuse the price of her chastity. Catholic Public Domain Version And if he takes another for him, he shall provide to the maiden a marriage, and clothing, and he shall not refuse the price of her chastity. New American Bible If he takes another wife, he shall not withhold her food, her clothing, or her conjugal rights. New Revised Standard Version If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish the food, clothing, or marital rights of the first wife. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleIf he takes to himself another wife, he shall not diminish her food, her clothes, and her conjugal rights. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And if he will take to himself another wife; her provisions and her clothing and her bed he shall not take. OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917If he take him another wife, her food, her raiment, and her conjugal rights, shall he not diminish. Brenton Septuagint Translation And if he take another to himself, he shall not deprive her of necessaries and her apparel, and her companionship with him. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Laws for Servants…9And if he chooses her for his son, he must deal with her as with a daughter. 10If he takes another wife, he must not reduce the food, clothing, or marital rights of his first wife. 11If, however, he does not provide her with these three things, she is free to go without monetary payment.… Cross References Deuteronomy 21:15-17 If a man has two wives, one beloved and the other unloved, and both bear him sons, but the unloved wife has the firstborn son, / when that man assigns his inheritance to his sons he must not appoint the son of the beloved wife as the firstborn over the son of the unloved wife. / Instead, he must acknowledge the firstborn, the son of his unloved wife, by giving him a double portion of all that he has. For that son is the firstfruits of his father’s strength; the right of the firstborn belongs to him. 1 Corinthians 7:3-5 The husband should fulfill his marital duty to his wife, and likewise the wife to her husband. / The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband. Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife. / Do not deprive each other, except by mutual consent and for a time, so you may devote yourselves to prayer. Then come together again, so that Satan will not tempt you through your lack of self-control. Ephesians 5:28-29 In the same way, husbands ought to love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. / Indeed, no one ever hated his own body, but he nourishes and cherishes it, just as Christ does the church. 1 Timothy 5:8 If anyone does not provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever. Malachi 2:14-16 Yet you ask, “Why?” It is because the LORD has been a witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have broken faith, though she is your companion and your wife by covenant. / Has not the LORD made them one, having a portion of the Spirit? And why one? Because He seeks godly offspring. So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not break faith with the wife of your youth. / “For I hate divorce,” says the LORD, the God of Israel. “He who divorces his wife covers his garment with violence,” says the LORD of Hosts. So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not break faith. Genesis 2:24 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh. Matthew 19:4-6 Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’ / and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh’? / So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate.” 1 Peter 3:7 Husbands, in the same way, treat your wives with consideration as a delicate vessel, and with honor as fellow heirs of the gracious gift of life, so that your prayers will not be hindered. Colossians 3:19 Husbands, love your wives and do not be harsh with them. Proverbs 5:18-19 May your fountain be blessed, and may you rejoice in the wife of your youth: / A loving doe, a graceful fawn—may her breasts satisfy you always; may you be captivated by her love forever. Genesis 29:30 Jacob slept with Rachel as well, and indeed, he loved Rachel more than Leah. So he worked for Laban another seven years. 1 Corinthians 7:10-11 To the married I give this command (not I, but the Lord): A wife must not separate from her husband. / But if she does, she must remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband. And a husband must not divorce his wife. Leviticus 18:18 You must not take your wife’s sister as a rival wife and have sexual relations with her while your wife is still alive. Matthew 5:31-32 It has also been said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’ / But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, brings adultery upon her. And he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery. 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 In the Lord, however, woman is not independent of man, nor is man independent of woman. / For just as woman came from man, so also man is born of woman. But everything comes from God. Treasury of Scripture If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. her food. 1 Corinthians 7:1-6 Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman… Jump to Previous Clothing Conjugal Covering Deprive Diminish Duty First Food Habitation Less Marital Marriage Married Marries Raiment Reduce Rights Wife WithdrawJump to Next Clothing Conjugal Covering Deprive Diminish Duty First Food Habitation Less Marital Marriage Married Marries Raiment Reduce Rights Wife WithdrawExodus 21 1. Laws for men servants5. For the servant whose ear is bored 7. For women servants 12. For manslaughter 16. For kidnappers 17. For cursers of parents 18. For smiters 22. For a hurt by chance 28. For an ox that gores 33. For him who is an occasion of harm If he takes another wife In the ancient Near Eastern context, polygamy was a common practice, especially among those who could afford it. This phrase acknowledges the reality of polygamous marriages in ancient Israelite society. The law here is not an endorsement of polygamy but a regulation to protect the rights of the first wife. This reflects God's concern for justice and fairness within the family unit. The practice of taking multiple wives can be seen in the lives of patriarchs like Jacob (Genesis 29-30), but it often led to familial strife, as seen in the rivalry between Leah and Rachel. he must not reduce the food clothing or marital rights of his first wife Persons / Places / Events 1. Moses- The author of Exodus, who received the Law from God on Mount Sinai. 2. Israelites - The recipients of the Law, God's chosen people, who were being formed into a nation after their exodus from Egypt. 3. Mount Sinai - The place where God gave the Law to Moses, including the regulations found in Exodus 21. 4. First Wife - The woman whose rights are being protected by this law, ensuring her well-being despite the introduction of another wife. 5. Second Wife - The additional wife mentioned in the context of polygamous relationships, which were culturally accepted at the time. Teaching Points God's Concern for Justice and FairnessThe law in Exodus 21:10 reflects God's concern for justice and fairness, even within the cultural context of polygamy. It underscores the importance of treating all individuals with dignity and respect. Protection of the Vulnerable This verse highlights God's protection for the vulnerable, ensuring that the first wife is not neglected or mistreated. It serves as a reminder to care for those who may be disadvantaged or marginalized. Marriage as a Covenant The marital rights mentioned in this verse point to the covenantal nature of marriage, where both parties have responsibilities and rights. This can be applied today by honoring commitments and ensuring mutual respect in marriage. Cultural Context vs. Divine Ideal While polygamy was culturally accepted, the divine ideal remains monogamous marriage. This distinction helps us understand how to apply biblical principles in our current cultural context. Faithfulness in Relationships The principles in this verse encourage faithfulness and integrity in all relationships, not just marriage. It calls believers to uphold commitments and treat others with fairness and love.(10) If he take him another wife.--Polygamy is viewed as lawful in this passage, as elsewhere generally in the Mosaic Law, which did not venture to forbid, though to some extent discouraging it. The legislator was forced to allow many things to the Hebrews, "for the hardness of their hearts" (Matthew 19:8). Her duty of marriage.--Rather, her right of cohabitation. Verse 10. - If he take him another wife - i.e., If he marry her himself, and then take another, even a legitimate, wife - her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage shall he not diminish - she shall retain during her life all the privileges of a married woman - he shall not diminish aught from them. The word translated "duty of marriage" seems to mean "right of cohabitation."Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew Ifאִם־ (’im-) Conjunction Strong's 518: Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not he takes יִֽקַּֽח־ (yiq·qaḥ-) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 3947: To take another wife, אַחֶ֖רֶת (’a·ḥe·reṯ) Adjective - feminine singular construct Strong's 312: Hinder, next, other he must not לֹ֥א (lō) Adverb - Negative particle Strong's 3808: Not, no reduce יִגְרָֽע׃ (yiḡ·rā‘) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 1639: To scrape off, to shave, remove, lessen, withhold the food, שְׁאֵרָ֛הּ (šə·’ê·rāh) Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 7607: Flesh, as living, for, food, food of any kind, kindred by blood clothing, כְּסוּתָ֥הּ (kə·sū·ṯāh) Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 3682: A cover, a veiling or marital rights [of his first wife]. וְעֹנָתָ֖הּ (wə·‘ō·nā·ṯāh) Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 5772: Sexual Links Exodus 21:10 NIVExodus 21:10 NLT Exodus 21:10 ESV Exodus 21:10 NASB Exodus 21:10 KJV Exodus 21:10 BibleApps.com Exodus 21:10 Biblia Paralela Exodus 21:10 Chinese Bible Exodus 21:10 French Bible Exodus 21:10 Catholic Bible OT Law: Exodus 21:10 If he takes another wife to himself (Exo. 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