In the biblical context, the terms "strangers" and "foreigners" refer to individuals who are not native to the land of Israel or who do not belong to the Israelite community. These terms are often used interchangeably in the Scriptures, though they can carry nuanced meanings depending on the context.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew words "ger" (sojourner) and "nokri" (foreigner) are frequently used to describe non-Israelites living among the Israelites. The Law of Moses contains specific instructions regarding the treatment of these individuals. Leviticus 19:33-34 commands, "When a foreigner resides with you in your land, you must not oppress him. You must treat the foreigner living among you as native-born and love him as yourself, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God."

This command reflects a recurring theme in the Old Testament: the Israelites' own experience as strangers in Egypt serves as a moral foundation for their treatment of foreigners. The Israelites are reminded of their past and are called to extend compassion and justice to those who reside among them.

The Pentateuch also provides for the inclusion of foreigners in religious observances. For example, Exodus 12:48-49 states, "If a foreigner resides with you and wants to celebrate the LORD’s Passover, all the males in his household must be circumcised; then he may partake, and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised man may eat of it. The same law shall apply to both the native and the foreigner who resides among you."

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the Greek terms "xenos" (stranger) and "paroikos" (foreigner) are used. The teachings of Jesus and the apostles emphasize the breaking down of barriers between Jews and Gentiles, extending the message of salvation to all nations. Ephesians 2:19 declares, "Therefore you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household."

This passage highlights the transformative work of Christ in reconciling humanity to God and to one another, creating a new community where ethnic and cultural distinctions are transcended. The early church grappled with the inclusion of Gentiles, as seen in the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15), which affirmed that Gentile believers were not required to adhere to the full Mosaic Law to be part of the Christian community.

Theological Implications

The biblical treatment of strangers and foreigners underscores the universality of God's love and the call for His people to reflect that love in their interactions with others. The consistent biblical mandate to care for the stranger is rooted in the character of God, who is described as a defender of the foreigner (Deuteronomy 10:18: "He executes justice for the fatherless and widow, and He loves the foreigner, giving him food and clothing").

The inclusion of foreigners in the covenant community foreshadows the New Testament revelation of the Gospel's reach to all nations. The church is called to be a welcoming and inclusive body, reflecting the heart of God for all people, regardless of their background or nationality.

Practical Application

Believers are encouraged to extend hospitality and kindness to strangers, reflecting the biblical mandate to love one's neighbor. Hebrews 13:2 exhorts, "Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by so doing some people have entertained angels without knowing it." This call to hospitality is a tangible expression of faith and a witness to the inclusive love of God.

In summary, the biblical narrative consistently affirms the dignity and worth of strangers and foreigners, calling God's people to embody His justice, mercy, and love in their treatment of all individuals.