The term "People of the World" in a biblical context often refers to those who are not part of the covenant community of Israel or the Church. This concept is rooted in the distinction between God's chosen people and the nations or peoples outside of this covenant relationship. Throughout Scripture, the "People of the World" are often depicted in contrast to the people of God, highlighting themes of separation, mission, and redemption.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew term "goyim" is frequently used to denote the nations or peoples outside of Israel. These nations were often seen as pagan or idolatrous, worshiping gods other than Yahweh. For instance, in Deuteronomy 7:6, Israel is described as "a people holy to the LORD your God," chosen out of all the peoples on the face of the earth. This sets up a clear distinction between Israel and the other nations.

The relationship between Israel and the nations is complex. While Israel is called to be separate and holy, there is also a missional aspect to their identity. In Genesis 12:3, God promises Abraham that "all the families of the earth will be blessed through you." This indicates that while the nations are distinct from Israel, they are also part of God's redemptive plan.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the distinction between the people of God and the "People of the World" continues, but with a broader understanding. The Greek term "ethne" is often used to refer to the nations or Gentiles. Jesus' ministry and the early Church's mission expanded the covenant community to include Gentiles, fulfilling the promise that all nations would be blessed through Abraham.

Jesus speaks of the "People of the World" in terms of their values and priorities, which often stand in contrast to those of the Kingdom of God. In John 15:19, Jesus tells His disciples, "If you were of the world, the world would love you as its own. Instead, the world hates you, because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world." This highlights the tension between the values of the world and the call to follow Christ.

The Apostle Paul further elaborates on this theme, urging believers to live distinctively from the "People of the World." In Romans 12:2, he writes, "Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind." This transformation is a key aspect of Christian identity, setting believers apart from worldly influences.

Mission and Redemption

The mission to the "People of the World" is a central theme in the New Testament. The Great Commission in Matthew 28:19-20 commands believers to "go and make disciples of all nations," indicating that the gospel is for all people, not just a select group. This mission is empowered by the Holy Spirit, as seen in Acts 1:8, where Jesus tells His disciples, "You will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth."

The ultimate goal of this mission is the redemption and reconciliation of all people to God. Revelation 7:9 provides a vision of this fulfilled promise: "After this I looked and saw a multitude too large to count, from every nation and tribe and people and tongue, standing before the throne and before the Lamb." This vision underscores the inclusivity of God's redemptive plan, bringing together people from every corner of the world into His eternal kingdom.

Conclusion

The biblical narrative presents the "People of the World" as both distinct from and integral to God's redemptive purposes. While there is a clear call for the people of God to live differently from the world, there is also a mandate to engage with the world, sharing the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. This dual emphasis on separation and mission reflects the heart of the gospel, which calls all people to repentance and faith in Christ.