Topical Encyclopedia Elkanah is a significant figure in the Old Testament, primarily known as the father of the prophet Samuel. His account is primarily found in the first book of Samuel, where he is depicted as a devout and faithful man. Elkanah's lineage and actions provide insight into the religious and familial structures of ancient Israel.Lineage and Family Background Elkanah was a Levite, a member of the tribe set apart for religious duties in Israel. Specifically, he was from the Kohathite clan, which held responsibilities for the care of the sanctuary (1 Chronicles 6:33-38). His genealogy is detailed in 1 Samuel 1:1, which states, "There was a certain man from Ramathaim-zophim in the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Elkanah son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite." Although referred to as an Ephraimite, this designation pertains to his residence rather than his tribal affiliation, as he was indeed a Levite. Marriage and Family Life Elkanah had two wives, Hannah and Peninnah. This polygamous arrangement, while not uncommon in the cultural context of the time, led to familial tension. Peninnah had children, but Hannah was initially barren, which caused her great distress. Despite this, Elkanah showed deep affection for Hannah, giving her a double portion of the sacrificial offerings, as recorded in 1 Samuel 1:5: "But to Hannah he would give a double portion, for he loved her, even though the LORD had closed her womb." Religious Devotion Elkanah is portrayed as a pious man who regularly worshiped and sacrificed to the LORD at Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located. His annual pilgrimages to Shiloh demonstrate his commitment to the religious practices of his time. 1 Samuel 1:3 notes, "Year after year this man would go up from his city to worship and sacrifice to the LORD of Hosts at Shiloh, where Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests to the LORD." Role in Samuel's Birth and Dedication Elkanah's faithfulness is further highlighted in the narrative of Hannah's vow and the birth of Samuel. After fervent prayer, Hannah vowed to dedicate her son to the LORD if He granted her a child. Elkanah supported Hannah's vow, as seen in 1 Samuel 1:23: "Do what you think is best," Elkanah replied, "and stay here until you have weaned him. Only may the LORD confirm His word." This support underscores his role in the spiritual upbringing of Samuel. Legacy Elkanah's legacy is primarily carried through his son Samuel, who became one of Israel's greatest prophets and judges. Samuel's leadership was pivotal during a transitional period in Israel's history, moving from the time of the judges to the establishment of the monarchy. Elkanah's faithfulness and support of Hannah's vow played a crucial role in Samuel's life and ministry. Elkanah's account, though brief in the biblical narrative, offers a glimpse into the life of a devout Israelite family and the importance of faithfulness and dedication to God's service. His life exemplifies the virtues of piety, familial love, and support for God's purposes. Nave's Topical Index 1 Chronicles 6:25,36And the sons of Elkanah; Amasai, and Ahimoth. Nave's Topical Index Library The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus Against Jovinianus. Resources Who was Elkanah in the Bible? | GotQuestions.orgWho was Hannah in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org What is the story of Hannah and Samuel? | GotQuestions.org Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus |
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