Amariah, a prominent figure in the Old Testament, served as the Chief Priest during the reign of King Jehoshaphat of Judah. His role is particularly noted in the context of Jehoshaphat's religious reforms and the establishment of a judicial system grounded in the fear of the LORD.

Biblical References and Historical Context

Amariah is mentioned in 2 Chronicles 19:11, where King Jehoshaphat appoints him as the chief priest, emphasizing his authority in religious matters. The verse states: "Behold, Amariah the chief priest will be over you in every matter pertaining to the LORD, and Zebadiah son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah, in every matter pertaining to the king. And the Levites will serve as officers before you. Act with courage, and may the LORD be with those who do well."

This appointment was part of Jehoshaphat's broader initiative to bring the nation back to the worship of Yahweh and to ensure justice and righteousness in the land. Jehoshaphat, known for his devotion to God, sought to eliminate idolatry and pagan practices, reinforcing the centrality of the Temple and the priesthood in the spiritual life of Judah.

Role and Responsibilities

As Chief Priest, Amariah held a position of significant influence and responsibility. His duties would have included overseeing the Temple services, ensuring the proper conduct of sacrifices, and maintaining the sanctity of worship. Additionally, Amariah's role extended to providing spiritual guidance and leadership to the people, as well as advising the king on religious matters.

Amariah's leadership was crucial in the judicial reforms initiated by Jehoshaphat. The king established a system of judges throughout the fortified cities of Judah, instructing them to judge with integrity and the fear of the LORD. Amariah's oversight in matters "pertaining to the LORD" suggests his involvement in ensuring that these judicial processes were aligned with divine law and principles.

Theological Significance

Amariah's position highlights the integration of religious and civil authority in ancient Israelite society. His role underscores the belief that true justice and governance are rooted in adherence to God's commandments. The collaboration between Amariah and the civil authorities, as seen in his partnership with Zebadiah, reflects the biblical ideal of a society governed by both divine and royal law.

The mention of Amariah in the context of Jehoshaphat's reforms serves as a testament to the importance of godly leadership and the priesthood's role in guiding the nation back to faithfulness. His example illustrates the enduring biblical principle that spiritual leaders are called to uphold and teach God's law, ensuring that the community remains faithful to its covenant with the LORD.

Legacy

While the Bible does not provide extensive details about Amariah's life beyond his role as Chief Priest, his inclusion in the narrative of Jehoshaphat's reign signifies his importance in the religious and judicial life of Judah. Amariah's leadership during a time of reform and renewal serves as an enduring example of the critical role of spiritual leaders in guiding and shaping the moral and religious direction of a nation.2 Chronicles 19:11
And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters of the LORD; and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah, for all the king's matters: also the Levites shall be officers before you. Deal courageously, and the LORD shall be with the good.
Nave's Topical Index

Jehoshaphat
... And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over ... Toward the close of Jehoshaphat's reign
the kingdom of Judah was invaded by an army before whose approach the ...
/.../white/the story of prophets and kings/chapter 15 jehoshaphat.htm

'A Mirror for Magistrates'
... And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over ... The former was begun as early as the
third year of his reign, but was probably interrupted, like other good ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture g/a mirror for magistrates.htm

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