Bread-making
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Bread-making is a significant practice in biblical times, deeply embedded in the daily life and spiritual symbolism of the people of Israel. The process of making bread, from the cultivation of grain to the baking of loaves, is frequently mentioned throughout the Scriptures, reflecting its importance as a staple food and a symbol of God's provision.

Grain Cultivation and Harvesting

The primary grains used for bread-making in biblical times were wheat and barley. These grains were sown in the fertile soil of the Promised Land, which was described as "a land of wheat and barley, of vines and fig trees and pomegranates, a land of olive oil and honey" (Deuteronomy 8:8). The harvest was a time of great joy and thanksgiving, as it represented God's blessing and provision for His people.

Milling and Preparation

Once harvested, the grain was milled into flour using hand mills or larger communal mills. The process of grinding was labor-intensive, often performed by women, as depicted in Exodus 11:5, where it mentions "the firstborn of the maidservant who is behind the millstones." The flour was then mixed with water and sometimes leaven, or yeast, to create dough. In some instances, unleavened bread was made, particularly during the Feast of Unleavened Bread, as a reminder of the Israelites' hasty departure from Egypt (Exodus 12:39).

Baking

Bread was typically baked in communal ovens or on hot stones. The loaves were often flat and round, resembling modern-day pita or flatbread. The baking process is alluded to in Hosea 7:8, where it says, "Ephraim mixes with the nations; Ephraim is a flat loaf not turned over." This imagery highlights the cultural and spiritual significance of bread as a daily sustenance and a metaphor for spiritual truths.

Symbolism and Spiritual Significance

Bread holds profound symbolic meaning in the Bible. It is a representation of God's provision and sustenance, as seen in the Lord's Prayer: "Give us this day our daily bread" (Matthew 6:11). Bread also symbolizes fellowship and hospitality, as sharing a meal was a sign of peace and community. In Genesis 18:6, Abraham prepares bread for his divine visitors, demonstrating hospitality and reverence.

In the New Testament, bread takes on an even deeper spiritual significance. Jesus refers to Himself as the "bread of life," saying, "I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to Me will never hunger, and whoever believes in Me will never thirst" (John 6:35). This statement underscores the belief that Jesus is the essential sustenance for spiritual life, offering eternal satisfaction and salvation.

Ritual and Worship

Bread also plays a crucial role in religious rituals and worship. The showbread, or "bread of the Presence," was placed in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple as a perpetual offering before the Lord (Exodus 25:30). This bread symbolized God's eternal covenant with Israel and His continual presence among His people.

During the Last Supper, Jesus instituted the practice of Communion, using bread as a symbol of His body, broken for the redemption of humanity. "And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing and broke it, and gave it to the disciples, saying, 'Take and eat; this is My body'" (Matthew 26:26). This act established the sacrament of the Eucharist, a central element of Christian worship, commemorating Christ's sacrifice and uniting believers in faith.

In summary, bread-making in biblical times was not only a practical necessity but also a profound symbol of God's provision, spiritual nourishment, and covenant relationship with His people. Through the lens of Scripture, bread serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the sustenance found in a life devoted to Him.
Concordance
Bread-making (1 Occurrence)

Ezekiel 44:30
And the best of all the first-fruits of everything, and every offering which is lifted up of all your offerings, will be for the priests: and you are to give the priest the first of your bread-making, so causing a blessing to come on your house.
(BBE)

Thesaurus
Bread-making (1 Occurrence)
Bread-making. Bread-makers, Bread-making. Bread-meal . Multi-Version
Concordance Bread-making (1 Occurrence). Ezekiel ...
/b/bread-making.htm - 6k

Leaven (24 Occurrences)
... of the Hebrews, like the Bedouin of today, probably made their bread without leaven;
but leaven came to play a great part in their bread-making, their law and ...
/l/leaven.htm - 21k

Bread (433 Occurrences)
...BREAD-MAKING 1. Grinding 2. Kneading 3. Baking (1) Hot Stones (2) Baking Pans 4.
Ovens (1) The Bowl-Oven (2) The Jar-Oven (3) The Pit-Oven 5. Forms of Baked ...
/b/bread.htm - 58k

Mealtime (1 Occurrence)
... Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. MEALS, MEAL-TIME. melz: Bread materials,
bread-making and baking in the Orient are dealt with under BREAD (which see). ...
/m/mealtime.htm - 24k

Meals (8 Occurrences)
... Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. MEALS, MEAL-TIME. melz: Bread materials,
bread-making and baking in the Orient are dealt with under BREAD (which see). ...
/m/meals.htm - 27k

Meal-time (1 Occurrence)
... Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia MEALS, MEAL-TIME. melz: Bread materials,
bread-making and baking in the Orient are dealt with under BREAD (which see). ...
/m/meal-time.htm - 24k

Pledge (55 Occurrences)
... until the debt was paid.) A widow's clothing, however, was entirely exempt (Deuteronomy
24:17), as was the handmill used for bread-making (Deuteronomy 24:6 ...
/p/pledge.htm - 28k

Bread-meal (1 Occurrence)
Bread-meal. Bread-making, Bread-meal. Bread-paste . Multi-Version Concordance ...
Bread-making, Bread-meal. Bread-paste . Reference Bible.
/b/bread-meal.htm - 6k

Bread-makers (2 Occurrences)
Bread-makers. Bread-maker, Bread-makers. Bread-making . Multi-Version Concordance ...
(BBE). Bread-maker, Bread-makers. Bread-making . Reference Bible.
/b/bread-makers.htm - 7k

Food (2953 Occurrences)
... Less frequently millet (Ezekiel 4:9) and spelt (kuccemeth; see FITCHES) were
so used. (For details of baking, bread-making, etc., see BREAD. ...
/f/food.htm - 36k

Resources
What did Jesus mean when He said, “I am the Bread of Life” (John 6:35)? | GotQuestions.org

How did Jesus fulfill the meanings of the Jewish feasts? | GotQuestions.org

What is the purpose of the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

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