Luke 9:19

They replied, "Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, that a prophet of old has arisen."

Study Bible

They replied
This phrase introduces the response of the disciples to Jesus' question about His identity. The Greek word used here is "ἀποκριθέντες" (apokrinthentes), which means "having answered" or "replied." This indicates a thoughtful response, suggesting that the disciples are conveying the general consensus of the people. In the context of the Gospel of Luke, this moment is pivotal as it reveals the varied perceptions of Jesus' identity among the people. Historically, this reflects the diverse expectations of the Messiah during the Second Temple period, where many awaited a political liberator or a prophetic figure.

John the Baptist
The mention of John the Baptist highlights the significant impact he had on the Jewish people. John was a well-known prophetic figure who called for repentance and prepared the way for Jesus. The Greek name "Ἰωάννης" (Iōannēs) is derived from the Hebrew "Yochanan," meaning "Yahweh is gracious." This reflects the grace of God in sending a forerunner to the Messiah. The belief that Jesus might be John resurrected underscores the extraordinary nature of both their ministries and the expectation of divine intervention in Israel's history.

others say Elijah
Elijah, a major prophet in Israel's history, is mentioned here due to the prophecy in Malachi 4:5, which foretold Elijah's return before the "great and dreadful day of the LORD." The Greek "Ἠλίας" (Ēlias) corresponds to the Hebrew "Eliyahu," meaning "My God is Yahweh." Elijah's association with miraculous acts and his ascension into heaven without dying fueled speculation that Jesus might be Elijah returned. This reflects the eschatological hopes of the Jewish people, who anticipated a messianic age heralded by Elijah's return.

and still others, that a prophet of old
This phrase indicates the belief that Jesus might be one of the ancient prophets come back to life. The Greek word "προφήτης" (prophētēs) means "prophet," a spokesperson for God. The reference to "a prophet of old" suggests figures like Moses or Isaiah, who were revered for their roles in guiding Israel. This reflects the Jewish expectation of a prophet like Moses, as mentioned in Deuteronomy 18:15, who would arise to lead and deliver God's people.

has arisen
The concept of arising, from the Greek "ἀνέστη" (anestē), implies resurrection or coming back to life. This belief in resurrection was a common hope among many Jews, particularly the Pharisees, who anticipated a future resurrection of the righteous. The idea that Jesus might be a resurrected prophet underscores the extraordinary nature of His ministry and the hope for divine intervention. It also foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection, which would become the cornerstone of Christian faith.

Persons / Places / Events

1. John the Baptist
A significant prophetic figure who prepared the way for Jesus, known for his call to repentance and baptizing Jesus in the Jordan River.

2. Elijah
A major prophet in the Old Testament known for his miracles and confrontation with the prophets of Baal. He was taken up to heaven in a whirlwind, leading to expectations of his return.

3. Prophets of Old
Refers to the prophets from the Hebrew Scriptures who were seen as messengers of God, delivering His word to the people of Israel.

4. Disciples
The followers of Jesus who are engaging in this conversation with Him, reflecting the various public opinions about His identity.

5. Jesus
Central figure of the New Testament, whose identity and mission are being questioned and explored in this passage.

Teaching Points

Understanding Public Perception
Recognize that public opinion about Jesus varied widely, reflecting different expectations and understandings of His role. This invites us to consider how we perceive Jesus today.

Prophetic Fulfillment
Jesus is seen as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, including those concerning Elijah and the prophets. This underscores the continuity of God's plan through Scripture.

Personal Revelation
While public opinion is important, personal revelation of who Jesus is remains crucial. This passage challenges us to seek a personal understanding of Jesus' identity.

Role of Prophets
The mention of prophets highlights the importance of prophetic voices in guiding and preparing people for God's work. We should be attentive to the prophetic voices in our lives today.

Identity of Jesus
The question of Jesus' identity is central to the Christian faith. This passage encourages believers to explore and affirm their understanding of who Jesus is.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the different opinions about Jesus' identity in Luke 9:19 reflect the expectations of the Jewish people at that time?

2. In what ways does the expectation of Elijah's return (as mentioned in Malachi 4:5) influence the understanding of Jesus' mission?

3. How can we discern the true identity of Jesus amidst various cultural and religious perspectives today?

4. What role do prophetic voices play in your spiritual journey, and how can you be more attentive to them?

5. How does your personal understanding of Jesus' identity influence your daily life and decisions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 16:13-14
This passage parallels Luke 9:19, where Jesus asks His disciples about the public perception of His identity.

Malachi 4:5
This Old Testament prophecy speaks of Elijah's return before the "great and dreadful day of the Lord," which ties into the expectation of Elijah's return mentioned in Luke 9:19.

Deuteronomy 18:15
Moses speaks of a prophet like him whom God will raise up, which some people in Jesus' time thought might refer to Jesus.