Luke 22:22

Indeed, the Son of Man will go as it has been determined, but woe to that man who betrays Him."

Study Bible

Indeed
The word "indeed" serves as an affirmation, emphasizing the certainty and inevitability of the events that are about to unfold. In the Greek, this is often translated from "μέν," which is used to assert a statement with confidence. This word sets the tone for the verse, underscoring the divine plan that is being fulfilled. It reminds us of the sovereignty of God and His ultimate control over the unfolding of history, even in the face of human betrayal.

the Son of Man
This title, "the Son of Man," is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a messianic figure endowed with authority and glory. In the New Testament, Jesus frequently uses this title to refer to Himself, highlighting both His humanity and His divine mission. It reflects His role as the representative of humanity and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. The use of this title here emphasizes Jesus' awareness of His identity and purpose, even as He faces betrayal.

will go
The phrase "will go" indicates movement and purpose. In the Greek, "πορεύεται" suggests a journey or a path that is being followed. This implies that Jesus' path to the cross is not accidental but is a deliberate part of God's redemptive plan. It speaks to the obedience of Christ, who willingly walks the path laid out for Him, fulfilling the prophecies and the will of the Father.

as it has been determined
This phrase underscores the divine foreordination of the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion. The Greek word "ὡρισμένον" (hōrismenon) conveys the idea of something being appointed or decreed. It highlights the theological concept of God's sovereignty and predestination. Despite human actions, God's plan is unthwarted. This assurance provides comfort to believers, knowing that God's purposes will prevail, even in the midst of human sinfulness.

but woe
The word "woe" is a strong expression of lament and warning. In the Greek, "οὐαί" (ouai) is often used by Jesus to pronounce judgment or sorrow. It serves as a solemn warning to the betrayer, indicating the grave consequences of his actions. This word reflects the seriousness of sin and the justice of God, reminding us of the moral responsibility each person bears for their choices.

to that man
This phrase personalizes the warning, directing it specifically to Judas Iscariot, the one who would betray Jesus. It highlights the individual accountability before God. While the betrayal is part of the divine plan, Judas is still responsible for his actions. This serves as a sobering reminder of the personal nature of sin and the need for repentance.

who betrays Him
The act of betrayal is central to this verse. The Greek word "παραδίδωσιν" (paradidōsin) means to hand over or deliver up. It signifies a breach of trust and loyalty. Judas' betrayal is not just a personal failure but a cosmic event that sets in motion the passion of Christ. This phrase calls believers to reflect on their own faithfulness to Christ and the importance of loyalty and integrity in their relationship with Him.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus (Son of Man)
The central figure in this passage, Jesus refers to Himself as the "Son of Man," a title that emphasizes both His humanity and His messianic role. This title is rooted in Daniel 7:13-14, where it describes a divine figure given authority and glory.

2. The Betrayer (Judas Iscariot)
Although not named in this specific verse, Judas Iscariot is the one who will betray Jesus. His actions fulfill the prophecy and divine plan, yet he is held accountable for his betrayal.

3. The Last Supper
This event takes place during the Last Supper, a significant moment where Jesus shares a final meal with His disciples before His crucifixion. It is a time of deep teaching and revelation.

4. Jerusalem
The city where these events unfold, Jerusalem is the center of Jewish religious life and the prophesied location of Jesus' suffering and death.

5. Divine Determination
The concept that Jesus' path to the cross is part of God's sovereign plan, highlighting the tension between divine sovereignty and human responsibility.

Teaching Points

Divine Sovereignty and Human Responsibility
God's plans are sovereign and will come to pass, yet individuals are responsible for their actions. This dual truth calls believers to trust in God's plan while living righteously.

The Seriousness of Betrayal
Betrayal is a grave sin with severe consequences. Believers are called to loyalty and faithfulness in their relationships, especially with Christ.

The Role of Prophecy
Prophecies in Scripture are fulfilled in Jesus, affirming the reliability of God's Word. Believers can find assurance in the fulfillment of God's promises.

Self-Examination
Like the disciples, believers should examine their hearts for any potential betrayal or denial of Christ, seeking repentance and restoration.

The Cost of Discipleship
Following Jesus involves understanding the cost, including facing trials and temptations. Believers are encouraged to remain steadfast in their faith.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of divine sovereignty and human responsibility in Luke 22:22 challenge or comfort you in your personal walk with Christ?

2. In what ways can you guard against betrayal or denial of Jesus in your daily life?

3. How does understanding the fulfillment of prophecy in Jesus' life strengthen your faith in the reliability of Scripture?

4. Reflect on a time when you faced a difficult decision. How did you balance trusting in God's plan with taking personal responsibility for your actions?

5. How can the events of the Last Supper inspire you to live a life of loyalty and faithfulness to Jesus and others around you?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 26:24 and Mark 14:21
These parallel accounts emphasize the same message of divine determination and human responsibility in the betrayal of Jesus.

Acts 2:23
Peter's sermon at Pentecost reiterates the theme of God's predetermined plan and human culpability in the crucifixion of Jesus.

Psalm 41:9
This Old Testament prophecy foreshadows the betrayal of Jesus by a close friend, connecting the events of the Last Supper to the broader biblical account.