The LORD
This phrase refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). In Hebrew, it is represented by the Tetragrammaton YHWH, emphasizing God's eternal, self-existent nature. The use of "The LORD" underscores the divine authority and holiness that permeates the book of Leviticus. It reminds us that the instructions given are not merely human traditions but divine commands from the Creator Himself, who desires a relationship with His people.

said
The Hebrew word used here is "אָמַר" (amar), which means to speak, say, or declare. This verb is frequently used in the Torah to introduce divine communication. It signifies not just the act of speaking but the authoritative and purposeful nature of God's words. In the context of Leviticus, it highlights the importance of listening to and obeying God's instructions, as they are meant to guide the Israelites in holiness and worship.

to Moses
Moses is the central human figure in the Pentateuch, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and to receive the Law on their behalf. His role as a mediator between God and the people is crucial. The phrase "to Moses" indicates the direct communication between God and His chosen servant, emphasizing Moses' unique position as a prophet and leader. Historically, Moses' leadership and the laws he received were foundational for the identity and religious practices of Israel. This phrase also serves as a reminder of the importance of faithful leadership and obedience to God's word in guiding a community.

Speak to the Israelites
This phrase underscores the direct communication between God and His chosen people, the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "speak" is "דבר" (dabar), which implies not just casual conversation but a formal declaration or command. This highlights the importance of the message being delivered. Historically, the Israelites were a covenant people, chosen to be a light to the nations, and God's instructions to them were meant to set them apart in holiness and obedience.

and say to them
This reiteration emphasizes the importance of the message. The Hebrew word for "say" is "אמר" (amar), which often conveys the idea of declaring or proclaiming. This repetition signifies the gravity and solemnity of the instructions that follow, ensuring that the message is clearly communicated and understood by the Israelites.

When a man makes a special vow
The concept of a "vow" in Hebrew is "נדר" (neder), which refers to a solemn promise or commitment made to God. Vows were taken very seriously in ancient Israelite culture, as they were binding and required fulfillment. The term "special" indicates that this is not an ordinary vow but one of particular significance or dedication. This reflects the deep personal commitment and devotion expected in one's relationship with God.

to the LORD
The use of "LORD" in all capitals signifies the divine name "YHWH" (Yahweh), the covenant name of God. This highlights the personal and relational aspect of the vow, as it is made directly to the God of Israel. It underscores the sacredness of the vow, as it is not merely a human promise but a spiritual commitment to the Creator and Sustainer of the universe.

involving the value of persons
This phrase introduces the concept of assigning a monetary value to individuals as part of the vow. The Hebrew word for "value" is "ערך" (erekh), which implies an estimation or assessment. In the context of Leviticus, this valuation was often related to the redemption price for individuals dedicated to the LORD. It reflects the understanding of human life as precious and valuable, created in the image of God, and the need for careful consideration when making such commitments.

then the valuation
The term "valuation" refers to the process of determining the worth or value of something. In the Hebrew context, the word used is "ʿērek," which implies an estimation or assessment. This valuation is not arbitrary but is divinely ordained, reflecting God's sovereignty and order in the lives of His people. It underscores the principle that everything dedicated to God has intrinsic value and must be treated with reverence and respect.

for a male
In ancient Israelite society, males often held roles of leadership and responsibility, which is reflected in the valuation system. The Hebrew word for male, "zāḵār," emphasizes the cultural and societal roles assigned to men during this period. This valuation acknowledges the potential for labor and contribution to the community, which was significant in an agrarian society.

between the ages of twenty and sixty
This age range signifies the prime years of a person's life, where they are most capable of contributing physically and economically to the community. The Hebrew culture placed great importance on the ability to work and provide, and this valuation reflects the peak productive years. It also highlights the biblical principle of stewardship, where individuals are expected to use their God-given abilities for the benefit of the community and the glory of God.

shall be fifty shekels of silver
The "shekel" was a standard unit of weight and currency in ancient Israel. The specific amount of "fifty shekels" indicates a significant value, reflecting the importance of the individual being dedicated. Silver, often associated with redemption and purity in the Bible, underscores the sacredness of the vow or dedication being made. This valuation system serves as a reminder of the cost of dedication and the seriousness of making vows to God.

according to the sanctuary shekel
The "sanctuary shekel" was a standard measure used in the tabernacle, ensuring consistency and fairness in valuations. This phrase emphasizes the divine standard by which all things are measured, pointing to God's holiness and justice. It serves as a reminder that all offerings and dedications are ultimately to God and must meet His standards. The sanctuary shekel represents the divine order and the centrality of worship in the life of the Israelite community.

But if it is a female
This phrase introduces a distinction in the valuation of persons dedicated to the Lord, based on gender. In the ancient Near Eastern context, societal roles and economic contributions often influenced such valuations. The Hebrew word for "female" here is "נְקֵבָה" (neqebah), which emphasizes the gender-specific roles in ancient Israelite society. While modern readers might view this through the lens of equality, it is crucial to understand that this valuation reflects the economic and social structures of the time, not a statement of intrinsic worth or spiritual value. In God's eyes, both male and female are created in His image (Genesis 1:27), and this valuation is more about practical considerations than divine favoritism.

the valuation
The term "valuation" refers to the monetary assessment assigned to a person dedicated to the Lord, as part of a vow. The Hebrew word used is "עֶרְכְּךָ" (erkekha), which implies an estimation or appraisal. This system allowed individuals to fulfill vows through a financial substitute, reflecting the practical aspects of worship and dedication in ancient Israel. It underscores the principle that devotion to God can be expressed in various forms, including financial contributions, which were used to support the tabernacle and its services.

shall be thirty shekels
The "thirty shekels" specified here is the amount set for the valuation of a female. The shekel was a standard unit of weight and currency in ancient Israel, and thirty shekels represented a significant sum, though less than the fifty shekels for a male (as stated in the preceding verse). This difference in valuation is reflective of the economic realities of the time, where men typically had more earning potential due to societal roles. However, it is important to note that this valuation does not imply lesser spiritual value or importance. In the broader biblical narrative, God consistently affirms the equal worth and dignity of all people, regardless of gender. The thirty shekels also remind us of the price of betrayal in the New Testament, as Judas Iscariot received thirty pieces of silver for betraying Jesus (Matthew 26:15), highlighting the theme of redemption and the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, which transcends all human valuations.

And if the person
This phrase introduces the subject of the valuation, which is a person dedicated to the Lord through a vow. In the Hebrew context, the word for "person" is "נֶפֶשׁ" (nephesh), often translated as "soul" or "being." It emphasizes the individuality and intrinsic value of each person, created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27). This valuation system underscores the importance of every life in the community of Israel.

is from five to twenty years old
This age range signifies a period of growth and development. In ancient Israel, this was a time when individuals were transitioning from childhood to adulthood, learning responsibilities, and contributing to the family and community. The specific mention of age highlights the practical and fair approach of the Mosaic Law, recognizing the varying capacities and potential contributions of individuals at different life stages.

then your valuation for a male
The valuation system reflects the socio-economic context of ancient Israel, where males were often seen as the primary labor force. The Hebrew word for "valuation" is "עֶרְכְּךָ" (erkekha), which implies an assessment or estimation of worth. This valuation is not about intrinsic worth before God but rather a practical assessment for the purpose of fulfilling a vow.

shall be twenty shekels
The shekel was a standard unit of weight and currency in ancient Israel. Twenty shekels for a male in this age range reflects the expected economic contribution and potential labor value. This valuation system was a way to quantify the vow in monetary terms, allowing for the fulfillment of vows through financial means if necessary.

and for a female ten shekels
The valuation for females, set at ten shekels, reflects the cultural and economic realities of the time. While this may seem inequitable by modern standards, it is important to understand it within the historical context where economic roles were different. However, in the eyes of God, both male and female are equally valued, as seen in the creation narrative and throughout Scripture (Galatians 3:28). This valuation system was a practical guideline for the community, not a statement of intrinsic worth.

But if the person
This phrase introduces a specific condition within the broader context of Leviticus 27, which deals with vows and dedications to the Lord. The Hebrew word for "person" here is "נֶפֶשׁ" (nephesh), often translated as "soul" or "being." It emphasizes the intrinsic value of human life, regardless of age or gender, as seen through the lens of dedication to God.

is from one month to five years old
This age range highlights the inclusivity of the law, acknowledging even the youngest members of the community. In ancient Israel, children were considered a blessing from God, and their inclusion in vows signifies the community's commitment to raising them in the faith. The specific mention of "one month" indicates the child's survival past the neonatal period, a significant milestone in ancient times due to high infant mortality rates.

your valuation shall be
The concept of "valuation" (Hebrew: "עֶרְכְּךָ" - 'erkekha) refers to the monetary assessment associated with a vow. This valuation system underscores the principle that every person has worth in the eyes of God, and it provides a structured way for individuals to express their devotion through tangible means. It also reflects the economic realities of the time, where silver was a common medium of exchange.

five shekels of silver for a male
The "shekel" (Hebrew: "שֶׁקֶל" - shekel) was a standard unit of weight and currency in ancient Israel. The valuation of five shekels for a male child reflects the cultural and economic context of the time, where males were often seen as future laborers and contributors to the family’s livelihood. This valuation is not a statement of intrinsic worth but rather a reflection of societal roles and expectations.

and three shekels of silver for a female
The valuation of three shekels for a female child, while less than that of a male, should be understood within the historical and cultural framework of ancient Israel. Women played crucial roles in the family and community, and their valuation here does not diminish their spiritual or personal worth. Instead, it reflects the economic and social structures of the time. In a conservative Christian perspective, this differentiation is seen as a reflection of different roles rather than different values, with both genders being equally precious in the sight of God.

And if the person is sixty years old or older
This phrase sets the context for the valuation of individuals dedicated to the Lord, as described in Leviticus 27. The age of sixty is significant in ancient Israelite culture, often marking a transition into elder status. In Hebrew, the word for "sixty" is "שִׁשִּׁים" (shishim), which is derived from the root word for six, "שֵׁשׁ" (shesh). This age signifies wisdom and experience, and the valuation reflects a recognition of the diminished physical capacity for labor, yet an increased value in terms of wisdom and counsel.

then your valuation shall be fifteen shekels for a male
The "valuation" here refers to the monetary worth assigned to a person dedicated to God, as part of a vow. The "shekel" was a standard unit of weight and currency in ancient Israel, approximately 11.4 grams of silver. The Hebrew word for shekel is "שֶׁקֶל" (shekel), which is rooted in the concept of weighing or measuring. The valuation of fifteen shekels for a male over sixty reflects a reduced economic value compared to younger, more physically able individuals, yet it still acknowledges the inherent worth of the person in the eyes of God.

and ten shekels for a female
The valuation for a female over sixty is set at ten shekels. This reflects the cultural and economic realities of ancient Israel, where men were often seen as the primary laborers. However, it is crucial to understand this within the context of the time, where the roles of men and women were distinct, yet both were valued in the community. The difference in valuation is not a statement of intrinsic worth but rather a reflection of societal roles and economic contributions. The Hebrew word for ten is "עֶשֶׂר" (eser), symbolizing completeness and order, suggesting that even in their elder years, women held a complete and integral role within the community.

But if he is poorer than your valuation
This phrase addresses the economic disparities among the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "poorer" is "dal," which signifies being low, weak, or needy. This reflects God's awareness and compassion for those in financial hardship. The valuation system was a way to dedicate something to God, often involving a monetary equivalent. Here, God provides a means for those who cannot meet the standard valuation, emphasizing His justice and mercy. This provision ensures that everyone, regardless of economic status, can participate in vows and offerings, highlighting the inclusive nature of worship in the community of Israel.

then he shall present the person before the priest
The act of presenting oneself before the priest underscores the mediatory role of the priesthood in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "present" is "amad," meaning to stand or remain. This implies a formal and respectful approach to the priest, who acts as an intermediary between the individual and God. The priest's involvement ensures that the vow is taken seriously and that the valuation is fair and just. This process reflects the structured and communal nature of worship, where the priest serves as a guide and representative of God's will.

and the priest shall set a value for him
The priest's role in setting a value is crucial, as it requires discernment and understanding of the individual's circumstances. The Hebrew word for "set" is "arak," which means to arrange or set in order. This indicates a thoughtful and deliberate process, ensuring that the valuation is appropriate and considerate of the person's financial situation. The priest's judgment is guided by divine principles, ensuring that the valuation is not arbitrary but rooted in fairness and compassion.

according to what the one who vowed can afford
This phrase highlights the principle of proportional giving, where the individual's ability to pay is taken into account. The Hebrew root for "afford" is "nasa," meaning to lift or bear. This suggests that the valuation should not be a burden beyond what the person can bear. It reflects God's understanding and accommodation of human limitations, ensuring that vows and offerings are acts of worship rather than sources of undue stress or hardship. This principle is echoed in the New Testament, where giving is encouraged to be in accordance with one's means (2 Corinthians 8:12).

so shall the priest value him
The repetition of the priest's role in valuing the individual underscores the importance of fairness and equity in the community. The priest's valuation is not just a financial assessment but a spiritual act that reflects God's justice and mercy. The Hebrew word for "value" is "yakar," which also means to esteem or honor. This suggests that the valuation process is not merely transactional but also relational, recognizing the worth and dignity of each person before God. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's care for the marginalized and His desire for a just and compassionate society.

If he vows
The Hebrew root for "vows" is נדר (nadar), which signifies a solemn promise or commitment made to God. In ancient Israel, vows were taken seriously as they represented a binding agreement with the divine. This reflects the deep sense of responsibility and reverence the Israelites had towards their relationship with God. Vows were not to be made lightly, as they were a form of worship and dedication.

an animal
The term for "animal" in Hebrew is בהמה (behemah), which generally refers to domesticated animals. In the context of Leviticus, animals were often used in sacrificial offerings, symbolizing the worshiper's devotion and atonement. The choice of an animal for a vow underscores the tangible and sacrificial nature of worship in the Old Testament, where offerings were a central part of religious life.

that may be brought as an offering
The phrase "brought as an offering" indicates the purpose of the animal within the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "offering" is קרבן (korban), meaning something brought near to God. This highlights the concept of drawing closer to the divine through acts of sacrifice and devotion. Offerings were a means of expressing gratitude, seeking forgiveness, and maintaining a covenant relationship with God.

to the LORD
The name "LORD" in this context is the tetragrammaton יהוה (YHWH), the sacred and personal name of God revealed to Moses. It signifies the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. The use of this name emphasizes the personal and direct nature of the vow, as it is made to the one true God who delivered Israel from Egypt and established them as His people.

any such animal that he gives
The act of giving in Hebrew is נתן (natan), which implies a voluntary and intentional act of offering. This reflects the heart of worship, where the giver willingly dedicates something of value to God. The emphasis on "any such animal" suggests that the vow must be fulfilled with the specific animal promised, underscoring the integrity and faithfulness required in worship.

to the LORD will be holy
The word "holy" in Hebrew is קדש (qodesh), meaning set apart or consecrated. Once an animal is vowed and given to the LORD, it becomes sacred and dedicated solely for divine purposes. This transformation from common to holy illustrates the sanctifying power of God's claim over what is offered to Him. It serves as a reminder of the holiness required in approaching God and the reverence due to Him in all acts of worship.

He must not replace it or exchange it
This phrase underscores the sanctity and inviolability of vows made to God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "replace" (יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ, yachaliphennu) and "exchange" (יַמִּירֶנּוּ, yamirennu) convey a sense of altering or substituting something that has been dedicated. The historical context of Leviticus involves a society where vows and offerings were integral to worship and community life. The prohibition against replacing or exchanging emphasizes the seriousness of commitments made to God, reflecting His unchanging nature and the expectation of faithfulness from His people.

either good for bad, or bad for good
This phrase highlights the impartiality and integrity required in offerings. The Hebrew words for "good" (טוֹב, tov) and "bad" (רַע, ra) are often used in moral and qualitative contexts. The instruction not to substitute a good offering for a bad one, or vice versa, speaks to the heart of worship—offering God our best without deceit or manipulation. It reflects a broader biblical principle that God desires sincerity and truth in worship, as seen throughout Scripture.

But if he does substitute one animal for another
Here, the text acknowledges human fallibility and the possibility of substitution, yet it sets a clear consequence. The Hebrew word for "substitute" (יַמִּיר, yamir) suggests a deliberate action. This provision indicates that while God’s laws are firm, they also account for human actions and provide a framework for maintaining holiness even when mistakes are made. It reflects God’s justice and mercy, ensuring that His holiness is upheld.

both that animal and its substitute will be holy
This final phrase reveals the gracious nature of God’s law. The Hebrew word for "holy" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) signifies something set apart for God. By declaring both the original and the substitute as holy, the text emphasizes that once something is dedicated to God, it retains its sacred status. This principle teaches that God’s claim on what is His cannot be nullified by human actions. It serves as a reminder of the enduring nature of God’s holiness and the call for His people to honor their commitments with reverence and integrity.

But if the animal is unclean
The term "unclean" in Hebrew is "טָמֵא" (tamei), which refers to a state of ritual impurity. In the context of Leviticus, this impurity is not necessarily moral but ceremonial, indicating that the animal is not suitable for sacrifice. The distinction between clean and unclean animals is rooted in the holiness code, which underscores the separateness and purity required in worship. This separation serves as a reminder of God's holiness and the need for His people to approach Him with reverence and purity.

and cannot be presented as an offering to the LORD
The phrase "cannot be presented" emphasizes the strict regulations surrounding offerings. The Hebrew word for "presented" is "קָרַב" (qarab), meaning to bring near or offer. This reflects the idea that offerings are a means of drawing near to God. The inability to present an unclean animal signifies the importance of offering only what is acceptable and pure, symbolizing the need for the worshiper to be spiritually clean when approaching God.

the animal must be presented before the priest
The role of the priest is central in the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "priest" is "כֹּהֵן" (kohen), who acts as a mediator between God and the people. Presenting the animal before the priest indicates a process of evaluation and redemption. The priest's involvement ensures that the worshiper adheres to God's standards, maintaining the sanctity of the sacrificial system. This process highlights the importance of spiritual leadership and accountability in maintaining the community's holiness.

who sets its value
In the context of Leviticus, the priest is the one who determines the value of offerings made to the Lord. The Hebrew root for "sets" is "ערך" (arak), which means to arrange or set in order. This reflects the priest's role in maintaining order and holiness in the community by ensuring that offerings are appropriately valued. The priest acts as a mediator between God and the people, emphasizing the importance of divine order and justice in worship.

whether high or low
This phrase indicates the flexibility and discernment required of the priest in evaluating offerings. The Hebrew words "טוב" (tov) for "high" and "רע" (ra) for "low" suggest a moral and qualitative assessment, not just a quantitative one. The priest's judgment must align with God's standards, reflecting the spiritual condition and sincerity of the giver. This highlights the principle that God values the heart behind the offering more than the material worth.

Whatever value the priest sets
The authority given to the priest underscores the trust placed in spiritual leaders to act in accordance with God's will. The Hebrew word "שום" (sum) for "sets" implies a deliberate and thoughtful decision. This responsibility requires the priest to be in tune with God's guidance, ensuring that the valuation is fair and just. It serves as a reminder of the weight of spiritual leadership and the need for integrity and wisdom.

that will be the value
The finality of the priest's decision is emphasized here. The Hebrew word "יהיה" (yihyeh) for "will be" conveys a sense of certainty and establishment. This reflects the binding nature of the priest's judgment, which is to be respected and upheld by the community. It illustrates the principle of divine authority being exercised through human agents, reinforcing the idea that God's will is enacted through His appointed servants.

If, however
This phrase introduces a conditional clause, indicating an exception or alternative to a previously stated rule. In the context of Leviticus, it suggests flexibility within the law, allowing for personal choice and agency. The Hebrew word often translated as "if" is "אִם" (im), which is used frequently in legal texts to denote conditions. This reflects the nature of God's laws as not only prescriptive but also accommodating human circumstances and decisions.

the owner
The term "owner" refers to the person who has legal possession or responsibility for the animal. In Hebrew, the word is "בַּעַל" (ba'al), which can mean master or lord. This highlights the responsibility and authority given to individuals over their possessions, reflecting the biblical principle of stewardship. Ownership in the biblical sense is not just about possession but also about accountability to God for how one manages what is entrusted to them.

wishes to redeem
The concept of redemption is central to biblical theology. The Hebrew word "גָּאַל" (ga'al) means to redeem, reclaim, or buy back. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God redeeming His people. In this context, it refers to the owner's desire to reclaim the animal that was dedicated to God. Redemption involves a cost, symbolizing the value and sacrifice inherent in reclaiming what is precious.

the animal
The specific mention of "the animal" indicates the subject of the redemption. In Levitical law, animals could be dedicated to God as part of a vow or offering. The Hebrew word for animal, "בְּהֵמָה" (behemah), encompasses domestic animals used for labor or sacrifice. This reflects the agrarian society of ancient Israel, where animals were vital to daily life and worship practices.

he must add a fifth
This requirement to add a fifth (20%) to the value of the animal underscores the principle of restitution and the cost of redemption. The Hebrew word for fifth is "חֹמֶשׁ" (chomesh). This additional amount serves as a penalty or surcharge, emphasizing the seriousness of vows and the importance of fulfilling one's commitments to God. It also reflects the biblical principle that redemption is costly, pointing to the ultimate redemption through Christ.

to its value
The term "value" refers to the assessed worth of the animal, which would have been determined by the priests. The Hebrew word "עֶרְכְּךָ" (erkekha) implies an estimation or appraisal. This reflects the structured and orderly nature of Levitical law, where even spiritual commitments had tangible, measurable aspects. It highlights the integration of faith and daily life, where spiritual decisions have practical implications.

Now if a man consecrates
The act of consecration in Hebrew is "יַקְדִּישׁ" (yaqdish), which means to set apart or dedicate something for a sacred purpose. In the context of Leviticus, this reflects a deep commitment to God, where an individual dedicates personal property for divine use. This act is not merely symbolic but represents a tangible expression of faith and devotion, acknowledging God's sovereignty over all possessions.

his house
The term "house" (בַּיִת, bayit) in ancient Israel was more than a physical structure; it was the center of family life and a symbol of one's legacy and stability. By consecrating his house, a man was offering his most personal and significant possession to God, signifying that his entire household was under divine authority and blessing.

as holy to the LORD
The word "holy" (קָדֹשׁ, qadosh) signifies something set apart for God, distinct from the common or profane. In dedicating his house as holy, the man acknowledges that all he owns is ultimately God's and should be used for His purposes. This reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness, where believers are called to live lives set apart for God's glory.

the priest shall assess its value
The role of the priest (כֹּהֵן, kohen) was crucial in ancient Israel as a mediator between God and the people. The priest's assessment (עָרַךְ, arakh) was not just a financial evaluation but a spiritual discernment, ensuring that the consecration was genuine and aligned with God's standards. This underscores the importance of spiritual leadership and accountability in matters of faith.

as either good or bad
The terms "good" (טוֹב, tov) and "bad" (רַע, ra) reflect a moral and qualitative judgment. The priest's evaluation was based on the condition and suitability of the house for sacred use. This highlights the biblical principle that offerings to God should be of the highest quality, reflecting the giver's reverence and love for the Lord.

the price will stand
The phrase indicates the finality and authority of the priest's assessment. Once determined, the value was binding, emphasizing the seriousness of the consecration vow. This teaches the importance of integrity and commitment in our promises to God, reminding believers that vows made to the Lord are not to be taken lightly.

just as the priest assesses it
The priest's assessment was considered divinely guided, reflecting God's will. This trust in the priest's judgment underscores the biblical theme of divine order and the role of appointed leaders in guiding the community in righteousness. It serves as a reminder of the need for discernment and wisdom in spiritual matters, trusting that God works through His chosen servants.

But if the one who consecrates his house
The phrase "the one who consecrates" refers to an individual who has dedicated something to the Lord. In Hebrew, the word for "consecrate" is "qadash," which means to set apart as holy. This act of consecration signifies a deep commitment to God, reflecting the Israelite understanding that all possessions ultimately belong to Him. The "house" here symbolizes not just a physical dwelling but also the household and family, indicating a holistic dedication to God.

redeems it
The concept of "redeeming" in Hebrew is "ga'al," which means to buy back or reclaim. This reflects the biblical principle of redemption, where something that was once given up can be restored. In the broader scriptural context, redemption is a central theme, pointing to God's redemptive work through Christ. Here, it illustrates the possibility of reclaiming what was dedicated, emphasizing God's grace and the opportunity for restoration.

he must add a fifth to its value
The requirement to "add a fifth" (or 20%) to the value of the house when redeeming it underscores the seriousness of the initial consecration. This additional cost serves as a deterrent against making hasty vows and ensures that the act of redemption is not taken lightly. It reflects the principle of restitution found throughout the Old Testament, where making amends often required more than the original value, symbolizing the costliness of breaking a vow to God.

and it will belong to him
The phrase "it will belong to him" signifies the restoration of ownership upon fulfilling the redemption requirements. This highlights the balance between God's ownership of all things and human stewardship. In a broader theological sense, it points to the ultimate redemption believers have in Christ, where through His sacrifice, what was lost through sin is restored to us. This assurance of belonging is a profound reminder of God's faithfulness and the hope of eternal restoration.

If a man consecrates
The Hebrew root for "consecrates" is "קדש" (qadash), which means to set apart or dedicate something as holy. In the context of Leviticus, consecration involves dedicating something to God, signifying a deep commitment and recognition of God's sovereignty over all possessions. This act of consecration reflects a heart of worship and obedience, acknowledging that everything ultimately belongs to the Lord.

to the LORD
The phrase "to the LORD" emphasizes the dedication of the land to Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. This is not merely a transaction but a spiritual act of devotion. The LORD, represented by the tetragrammaton YHWH, is the personal name of God, highlighting His eternal presence and faithfulness to His people. Offering land to the LORD signifies trust in His provision and a desire to honor Him with one's resources.

a parcel of his land
The term "parcel" refers to a portion or piece of land. In ancient Israel, land was a significant inheritance and a symbol of God's promise to His people. By consecrating a parcel of land, the individual acknowledges God's ultimate ownership and stewardship over the land. This act also reflects the agrarian society of ancient Israel, where land was central to livelihood and identity.

then your valuation
The word "valuation" comes from the Hebrew "ערך" (erek), meaning to assess or appraise. This involves determining the monetary worth of the consecrated land. The valuation process underscores the principle of fairness and justice in dedicating resources to God. It ensures that the offering is made with integrity and reflects the true value of what is being consecrated.

shall be proportionate to the seed required for it
This phrase indicates that the valuation is based on the agricultural potential of the land, specifically the amount of seed needed to sow it. This method of valuation ties the worth of the land to its productivity and potential yield, reflecting the practical and economic considerations of the time. It also highlights the importance of stewardship and the responsible use of resources in service to God.

fifty shekels of silver
The "shekel" was a standard unit of weight and currency in ancient Israel. "Fifty shekels of silver" represents a significant amount, indicating the value placed on the land. Silver, a precious metal, symbolizes wealth and stability. This valuation reflects the seriousness of the consecration and the substantial commitment involved in dedicating land to the LORD.

for every homer of barley seed
A "homer" is a unit of measure for dry goods, approximately equivalent to 220 liters or 6 bushels. Barley was a staple crop in ancient Israel, often used for food and trade. By specifying "barley seed," the text connects the valuation to a tangible and essential aspect of daily life. This grounding in agricultural reality underscores the practical nature of the law and its relevance to the community's economic and spiritual life.

If he consecrates his field
The act of consecration in this context involves setting apart something as holy or dedicated to God. The Hebrew root word for "consecrates" is "קדש" (qadash), which means to sanctify or make holy. In ancient Israel, consecrating a field was a significant act of devotion, symbolizing the owner's recognition of God's sovereignty over the land. This act reflects a deep spiritual commitment, acknowledging that all possessions ultimately belong to God. The field, a source of sustenance and livelihood, becomes a testament to the owner's faith and trust in God's provision.

during the Year of Jubilee
The Year of Jubilee, occurring every 50th year, was a time of liberation and restoration in Israelite society. The Hebrew term "יובל" (yovel) signifies a ram's horn, which was blown to announce this special year. During the Jubilee, debts were forgiven, slaves were freed, and land was returned to its original owners. This practice underscored the principles of justice, mercy, and equality, reminding the Israelites of their dependence on God's grace. The Jubilee year served as a powerful reminder of God's ultimate ownership of the land and His desire for His people to live in harmony and fairness.

the price will stand
The phrase "the price will stand" indicates that the valuation of the field, once consecrated, remains fixed. This valuation was determined by the priest, based on the potential yield of the field until the next Jubilee. The Hebrew word for "stand" is "קום" (qum), meaning to arise or be established. This reflects the permanence and stability of the valuation once set. It emphasizes the importance of integrity and fairness in financial dealings, as well as the need for the Israelites to honor their commitments to God and each other.

according to your valuation
The valuation process was a critical aspect of consecrating a field. The Hebrew word for "valuation" is "ערך" (erek), which refers to the assessment or estimation of value. This valuation was not arbitrary but was based on established guidelines provided by God through Moses. It ensured that the consecration was both meaningful and equitable, reflecting the field's true worth. This process highlights the importance of stewardship and accountability in managing God's resources, encouraging the Israelites to act with wisdom and discernment in their offerings and commitments.

But if he consecrates his field
The act of consecration in this context refers to setting apart something as holy or dedicated to God. The Hebrew root word for "consecrates" is "קדש" (qadash), which means to sanctify or make holy. This reflects the deep spiritual commitment of the individual to dedicate their possessions to God, acknowledging His sovereignty over all creation. In ancient Israel, land was a significant asset, and consecrating it was a profound act of faith and devotion.

after the Jubilee
The Jubilee year, occurring every 50th year, was a time of liberation and restoration in Israel. The Hebrew word "יובל" (yovel) signifies a ram's horn, which was used to announce this special year. During the Jubilee, debts were forgiven, and land was returned to its original owners. This system ensured economic balance and reminded the Israelites that the land ultimately belonged to God. Consecrating a field after the Jubilee indicates a period when the land's value and ownership were reset, emphasizing the importance of divine order and justice.

the priest shall calculate the price
The role of the priest was crucial in maintaining the spiritual and social order. The Hebrew word for "priest" is "כהן" (kohen), who acted as a mediator between God and the people. Calculating the price involved determining the monetary value of the field based on the years remaining until the next Jubilee. This process required wisdom and fairness, ensuring that the consecration was both spiritually meaningful and economically just.

according to the years remaining until the next Jubilee
This phrase highlights the temporal nature of human transactions in light of God's eternal plans. The calculation based on the years remaining underscores the principle of stewardship, where individuals are caretakers of God's creation for a limited time. It also reflects the cyclical nature of God's redemptive timeline, where every Jubilee serves as a reminder of ultimate restoration and freedom.

and a deduction shall be made from the value
The concept of making a deduction from the value acknowledges the depreciation of the field's worth as time progresses towards the next Jubilee. This deduction is a practical application of fairness and equity, ensuring that the consecration reflects the true value of the field at that time. It serves as a reminder that earthly possessions are transient and that true value lies in one's relationship with God and adherence to His commandments.

And if the one who consecrates the field
The phrase "the one who consecrates" refers to an individual who has dedicated something to the Lord. In Hebrew, the word for "consecrate" is "קדש" (qadash), which means to set apart as holy. This act of consecration is a voluntary dedication, often reflecting a deep commitment to God. Historically, consecrating a field would have been a significant act, as land was a primary source of sustenance and wealth. This reflects the principle that everything we have is ultimately God's, and we are stewards of His creation.

ever wishes to redeem it
The concept of "redeem" in Hebrew is "גאל" (ga'al), which means to buy back or reclaim. Redemption is a powerful biblical theme, symbolizing restoration and the reclaiming of what was lost. In the context of Leviticus, it underscores God's provision for His people to restore what they have dedicated, should their circumstances change. This reflects God's understanding and compassion for human needs and situations, allowing for flexibility within the framework of His laws.

he must add a fifth to its value
Adding "a fifth" (20%) to the value of the field signifies a penalty or surcharge for redeeming what was consecrated. This additional cost serves as a reminder of the seriousness of vows made to God. It also ensures that the act of redemption is not taken lightly, emphasizing the importance of commitment and the cost of reclaiming what was once given to God. This principle can be seen as a call to integrity and faithfulness in our promises to God.

and it will belong to him
The phrase "it will belong to him" indicates the restoration of ownership to the original consecrator upon fulfilling the redemption requirements. This reflects the biblical principle of restoration and the idea that God allows for second chances. It highlights God's grace and mercy, allowing individuals to regain what they have dedicated, provided they adhere to His stipulations. This can inspire believers to trust in God's provision and His willingness to restore what is lost when approached with sincerity and obedience.

Yet if he does not redeem the field
The concept of "redeem" in Hebrew is "ga'al," which means to buy back or reclaim something that was lost or sold. In the context of Leviticus, redemption is a powerful theme that reflects God's desire for restoration and reconciliation. The field represents one's inheritance and livelihood, a tangible connection to God's promises. The failure to redeem signifies a missed opportunity to restore what was once given by God. This can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual redemption, where believers are called to reclaim their spiritual inheritance through Christ.

but has sold it to another man
The act of selling the field to another man indicates a transfer of ownership and responsibility. In ancient Israel, land was not just property but a divine gift tied to one's identity and family lineage. Selling it to another person could imply a relinquishment of one's God-given heritage. This phrase serves as a cautionary reminder of the consequences of prioritizing temporary gains over eternal promises. It challenges believers to consider what they might be trading away in their spiritual lives for fleeting worldly benefits.

it may no longer be redeemed
The finality of this statement underscores the seriousness of the decision not to redeem. In the Hebrew context, once a field was sold and not redeemed, it was permanently lost to the original owner. This reflects the irreversible nature of certain spiritual decisions. It serves as a sobering reminder of the urgency to act upon God's call for redemption while there is still time. Theologically, it points to the ultimate redemption found in Christ, who offers a permanent restoration that cannot be lost once accepted. This phrase encourages believers to seize the opportunity for spiritual redemption and restoration before it is too late.

When the field is released in the Jubilee
The concept of the "Jubilee" is deeply rooted in the Hebrew tradition, originating from the Hebrew word "yobel," meaning a ram's horn, which was used to proclaim the Jubilee year. This year, occurring every 50th year, was a time of liberation and restoration, where debts were forgiven, and land was returned to its original owners. The "release" signifies a divine reset, a reminder of God's sovereignty over the land and His provision for His people. It underscores the principle that the land ultimately belongs to God, and humans are merely stewards.

it will become holy
The term "holy" in Hebrew is "qodesh," which means set apart or consecrated. In the context of the Jubilee, the field becoming "holy" signifies its dedication to God. This consecration is not just a ritualistic act but a profound acknowledgment of God's ownership and the sanctity of His creation. It serves as a reminder that all things are to be used for God's glory and purposes, reflecting His holiness in the world.

like a field devoted to the LORD
A "field devoted to the LORD" refers to something irrevocably given over to God, as seen in the Hebrew term "cherem," meaning devoted or banned. Such devotion implies a complete and total surrender to God's will, often signifying that the field cannot be redeemed or sold. This devotion is a powerful testament to the ultimate authority and holiness of God, illustrating the principle that what is given to God is beyond human claim or use.

it becomes the property of the priests
The "priests" in ancient Israel held a unique role as mediators between God and the people. The transfer of the field to the priests signifies the support and sustenance of those who serve in God's temple. This provision underscores the importance of maintaining the spiritual leadership and the worship of God, ensuring that those who dedicate their lives to His service are cared for. It reflects the broader biblical principle of supporting the ministry and those who are called to lead God's people in worship and obedience.

And if he consecrates
The act of consecration in the Hebrew context is derived from the root word "קדש" (qadash), meaning to set apart or dedicate something as holy. This reflects a deep commitment to God, signifying that the individual is offering something valuable to the Lord. In ancient Israel, consecration was a solemn act, often involving rituals that underscored the sacredness of the offering. This phrase emphasizes the voluntary nature of the act, highlighting the worshiper's devotion and willingness to honor God with their possessions.

to the LORD
The term "LORD" in the Hebrew text is "יהוה" (YHWH), the sacred and personal name of God, often rendered as Yahweh. This name signifies God's eternal presence and covenant relationship with Israel. By consecrating something to the LORD, the individual acknowledges God's sovereignty and their own role as stewards of His creation. This act of dedication is not merely a transaction but a profound expression of faith and trust in God's providence.

a field he has purchased
The mention of a "field" indicates agricultural land, which was a primary source of sustenance and wealth in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for field, "שדה" (sadeh), encompasses not just the land but also its potential for productivity and blessing. Purchasing a field implies a significant investment, and dedicating it to the LORD demonstrates a willingness to offer back to God what He has enabled the individual to acquire. This reflects the biblical principle that all possessions ultimately belong to God, and humans are merely caretakers.

which is not a part of his own property
This phrase highlights the distinction between inherited land and acquired land. In Israelite society, land inheritance was a crucial aspect of family identity and stability, as seen in the Hebrew term "נחלה" (nachalah), meaning inheritance or possession. By consecrating a purchased field, the individual is offering something that is not tied to their familial heritage, thus showing an even greater level of sacrifice and devotion. This act underscores the belief that one's relationship with God transcends earthly ties and possessions.

then the priest shall calculate
The role of the priest in ancient Israel was multifaceted, serving not only in religious rituals but also in administrative and judicial capacities. The Hebrew word for "calculate" here is "ḥāšab," which implies a thoughtful and deliberate assessment. This reflects the priest's duty to ensure fairness and accuracy in the valuation process, emphasizing the importance of integrity and wisdom in leadership roles.

for him the value
The "value" refers to the monetary worth of the property or item being dedicated. In Hebrew, "erekh" is used, which denotes an estimation or appraisal. This valuation was crucial in maintaining the economic balance and ensuring that offerings to God were both meaningful and equitable. It underscores the principle that our offerings to God should be sincere and reflective of our true capacity.

up to the Year of Jubilee
The Year of Jubilee, occurring every 50th year, was a time of liberation and restoration in Israel. The Hebrew term "yōḇēl" signifies a ram's horn, which was blown to announce this year. It was a period when debts were forgiven, and land was returned to original owners, symbolizing God's provision and the resetting of societal structures. This context highlights God's desire for justice, mercy, and the renewal of His people.

and the man shall pay
The act of payment signifies a personal responsibility and commitment to fulfill one's vows to God. The Hebrew word "nāṯan" means to give or deliver, indicating an active participation in the covenant relationship with God. This phrase reminds believers of the importance of honoring commitments and the spiritual discipline of giving.

the assessed value on that day
The immediacy of "on that day" stresses the importance of timely obedience and the fulfillment of one's obligations without delay. The Hebrew "beyôm" (on the day) suggests a sense of urgency and priority in spiritual matters. It serves as a reminder that our relationship with God requires prompt and earnest action.

as a holy offering to the LORD
The concept of a "holy offering" is central to the sacrificial system in Leviticus. The Hebrew word "qōdeš" (holy) signifies something set apart for God. This offering is not merely a transaction but an act of worship and dedication. It reflects the believer's acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and the desire to honor Him with the best of what one has. This phrase inspires Christians to view their lives and resources as consecrated to God's service, living in a way that glorifies Him.

In the Year of Jubilee
The "Year of Jubilee" is a profound concept rooted in the Hebrew word "yovel," which refers to a ram's horn trumpet used to proclaim this special year. Occurring every 50th year, the Jubilee was a time of liberation and restoration, reflecting God's desire for social justice and economic balance. It was a year when debts were forgiven, slaves were freed, and land was returned to its original owners. This practice underscores the biblical principle that the land ultimately belongs to God, and humans are merely stewards of His creation. The Jubilee year serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His provision for all people, encouraging a society that values equity and compassion.

the field shall return
The phrase "the field shall return" emphasizes the restoration aspect of the Jubilee. The Hebrew word for "return" is "shuv," which conveys a sense of turning back or restoring to a former state. This reflects the biblical theme of redemption and renewal, where God restores what was lost or broken. In the context of the Jubilee, it signifies the return of land to its original familial lineage, ensuring that no family would permanently lose their inheritance. This practice highlights the importance of maintaining familial and tribal integrity within the Israelite community, as well as God's provision for each family to have a means of livelihood.

to the one from whom it was bought
This phrase indicates the temporary nature of land transactions in ancient Israel. The land was not sold permanently but rather leased until the next Jubilee. The Hebrew culture viewed land as a divine gift, and thus, it was not to be permanently alienated from the family to whom God had entrusted it. This principle ensured that economic hardship or misfortune would not result in the permanent loss of one's inheritance. It reflects God's compassion and His desire for His people to live in a community where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

the original owner of the land
The "original owner" refers to the family or clan to whom the land was initially allotted when the Israelites entered the Promised Land. This allocation was divinely ordained, as recorded in the book of Joshua, and was meant to provide each tribe and family with a lasting inheritance. The return of land to its original owner during the Jubilee underscores the importance of heritage and continuity within the Israelite society. It also serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to His people, ensuring that each family retains its God-given portion of the land. This principle encourages believers to trust in God's provision and to value the spiritual and familial legacies entrusted to them.

Every valuation
This phrase refers to the process of determining the worth or value of something, particularly in the context of vows or dedications made to God. In ancient Israel, valuations were often necessary for offerings, tithes, or vows. The Hebrew root for "valuation" is "ערך" (erekh), which implies an estimation or assessment. This reflects the importance of fairness and consistency in religious and communal obligations, ensuring that each offering is measured by a standard that is recognized and respected by all.

will be according to
This phrase indicates a standard or guideline that must be followed. In the context of Leviticus, it underscores the necessity of adhering to divine instructions. The Hebrew preposition "ל" (le) often denotes direction or adherence, emphasizing that the valuation process is not arbitrary but is to be conducted in alignment with God's established order.

the sanctuary shekel
The "sanctuary shekel" was a specific weight and monetary standard used in the tabernacle and later the temple. The Hebrew word "שקל" (shekel) refers to a unit of weight and currency. The sanctuary shekel was likely heavier and more valuable than the common shekel, signifying the sacredness and higher standard required for offerings dedicated to God. This standardization ensured that all contributions to the sanctuary were equitable and honored the holiness of the place where God dwelt among His people.

twenty gerahs to the shekel
A "gerah" is a smaller unit of weight, and the specification of "twenty gerahs to the shekel" provides a precise measurement for the sanctuary shekel. The Hebrew word "גרה" (gerah) indicates a small weight, and this conversion rate highlights the meticulous nature of God's instructions. By defining the shekel in terms of gerahs, the scripture ensures clarity and uniformity in religious practices. This precision reflects God's desire for order and integrity in worship, reminding believers of the importance of accuracy and honesty in their commitments to Him.

But no one may consecrate
The phrase "no one may consecrate" indicates a prohibition against setting apart something that is already considered holy. The Hebrew root word for "consecrate" is "קדש" (qadash), which means to set apart or make holy. In the context of Leviticus, consecration involves dedicating something to God for a sacred purpose. However, the firstborn of the livestock is inherently holy and already belongs to God, thus requiring no additional act of consecration by individuals. This underscores the principle that certain things are inherently God's by divine decree, reflecting His sovereignty and ownership over creation.

a firstborn of the livestock
The term "firstborn" in Hebrew is "בכור" (bekor), which signifies the first offspring of the womb. In ancient Israelite culture, the firstborn held a special status and was often associated with inheritance rights and blessings. The firstborn of the livestock, therefore, represents the best and the first yield of one's increase, symbolizing the acknowledgment of God's provision and blessing. This practice is rooted in the historical context of the Exodus, where the firstborn of Israel were spared during the final plague, and thus, the firstborn of the livestock are dedicated to God as a perpetual reminder of His deliverance.

because a firstborn belongs to the LORD
The phrase "belongs to the LORD" emphasizes the divine claim over the firstborn. The Hebrew word for "belongs" is "יהיה" (yihyeh), which conveys a sense of possession and ownership. This reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, where certain elements of life are inherently His. The firstborn, as a representation of the whole, signifies the totality of one's life and resources being under God's dominion. This principle is a call to recognize God's ultimate authority and to live in a manner that honors His rightful ownership.

whether an ox or a sheep
The mention of "an ox or a sheep" highlights the common types of livestock in ancient Israel. Oxen and sheep were integral to the agrarian lifestyle, serving as sources of labor, food, and clothing. By specifying these animals, the text underscores the universality of the command, applying to all forms of livestock that were part of the Israelites' daily life. This inclusion serves as a reminder that all aspects of life, from the mundane to the significant, are under God's purview and should be offered to Him in gratitude and obedience.

it is the LORD’s
The concluding phrase "it is the LORD’s" reaffirms the divine ownership of the firstborn. The Hebrew word "יהוה" (YHWH) is the sacred name of God, often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. This declaration serves as a theological anchor, reminding the Israelites of their covenant relationship with God. It is a call to live in recognition of God's sovereignty, acknowledging that all blessings and provisions ultimately come from Him. This understanding fosters a spirit of humility and worship, encouraging believers to dedicate their lives wholly to God's service.

But if it is among the unclean animals
In the context of Leviticus, "unclean animals" refers to those that were not permissible for consumption or sacrifice according to the Mosaic Law. The Hebrew word for "unclean" is "טָמֵא" (tamei), which signifies ritual impurity. This distinction between clean and unclean animals is rooted in the holiness code, emphasizing the separation between the sacred and the profane. Historically, this separation served to set the Israelites apart from surrounding nations, reinforcing their identity as God's chosen people.

he may redeem it
The concept of "redeem" in Hebrew is "גָּאַל" (ga'al), meaning to buy back or reclaim. Redemption is a central theme in the Bible, symbolizing God's deliverance of His people. In this context, it refers to the ability to reclaim an unclean animal by paying its assessed value. This act of redemption reflects God's grace, allowing for restoration and reconciliation, even for what is deemed unclean.

according to your valuation
The term "valuation" in Hebrew is "עֶרְכָּךְ" (erkah), which involves an assessment or estimation of worth. This valuation was determined by the priest, ensuring fairness and adherence to divine standards. It underscores the importance of integrity and justice in financial and spiritual matters, reminding believers of the need for honesty and accountability in their dealings.

adding a fifth of the value
The requirement to add "a fifth" (or 20%) to the value is a principle seen elsewhere in Levitical law, symbolizing restitution and the cost of redemption. This additional payment serves as a reminder of the seriousness of vows and the need for sincerity in one's commitments to God. It also reflects the biblical principle that redemption often comes at a cost, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ for humanity's redemption.

if he does not redeem it
This phrase presents an alternative to redemption, highlighting the freedom of choice in the matter. The decision not to redeem signifies a relinquishment of ownership, allowing the animal to be sold. This choice reflects the broader biblical theme of free will, where individuals are given the autonomy to make decisions, bearing the consequences of their actions.

it shall be sold at your valuation
The sale of the unredeemed animal "at your valuation" ensures that the transaction is conducted fairly and in accordance with the established valuation. This process maintains the integrity of the community's economic and spiritual life, emphasizing the importance of adhering to God's standards. It serves as a reminder that all aspects of life, including commerce, are under God's sovereign rule and should be conducted in a manner that honors Him.

But nothing that a man sets apart to the LORD
The phrase "sets apart" comes from the Hebrew word "cherem," which implies a devoted or banned thing. In the context of ancient Israel, this term signifies a complete dedication to God, often beyond recall or redemption. This dedication is a solemn act, reflecting the seriousness of one's commitment to God. It underscores the principle that certain things, once given to God, are irrevocably His, symbolizing total surrender and trust in His sovereignty.

from all he owns
This phrase emphasizes the totality of the offering. It is not merely a portion but can include anything within one's possession. The Hebrew culture was deeply rooted in the understanding that everything they owned was ultimately God's. This acknowledgment of God's ownership over all things is a call to stewardship, reminding believers that their possessions are not truly theirs but are entrusted to them by God.

whether a man, an animal, or his inherited land
The inclusion of "a man, an animal, or his inherited land" highlights the breadth of what could be devoted to God. In ancient Israel, these were significant assets. A man could refer to a servant or a family member dedicated to temple service. Animals were vital for livelihood and sacrifices, and inherited land was a family's legacy and sustenance. This comprehensive list illustrates that devotion to God encompasses all aspects of life, including family, livelihood, and heritage.

can be sold or redeemed
The prohibition against selling or redeeming what is devoted to God underscores the permanence of the dedication. The Hebrew word for "redeemed" is "ga'al," which often refers to the act of a kinsman-redeemer. In this context, it signifies that once something is devoted to God, it cannot be reclaimed or exchanged. This reflects the idea that God's claim is absolute and irrevocable, teaching believers about the seriousness of vows and commitments made to God.

everything so devoted is most holy to the LORD
The term "most holy" (Hebrew: "qodesh qodashim") signifies the highest level of sanctity. This designation is reserved for things that are entirely set apart for God's purposes. It indicates that what is devoted to God is not only sacred but also untouchable by human hands. This holiness calls believers to a deeper reverence for God and His commands, recognizing that what is given to Him is elevated to a divine status, beyond ordinary use.

No person set apart for destruction
The phrase "set apart for destruction" comes from the Hebrew word "cherem," which signifies something devoted or consecrated to God, often through destruction. In the ancient Israelite context, this term was used for things or people that were irrevocably given over to God, often as a form of divine judgment. This reflects the seriousness with which God viewed certain sins or actions that warranted such a severe decree. The concept of being "set apart" underscores the holiness and justice of God, who demands purity and righteousness from His people.

may be ransomed
The idea of ransom in Hebrew, "padah," typically involves a redemption price paid to deliver or rescue someone from a dire situation. However, in this context, the scripture makes it clear that there is no possibility of redemption for those who are "set apart for destruction." This highlights the irrevocable nature of God's judgment in certain cases, emphasizing the gravity of sin and the importance of obedience to God's commands. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's statutes.

he must surely be put to death
The phrase "must surely be put to death" is a translation of the Hebrew "moth yumat," which is an emphatic expression indicating the certainty and necessity of the death penalty in this context. This reflects the ultimate consequence of being "set apart for destruction" and underscores the seriousness of the offenses that warranted such a decree. In the broader biblical narrative, this points to the holiness of God and the severity of sin, which separates humanity from Him. It also foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who bore the penalty of sin on behalf of humanity, offering redemption and reconciliation with God. This verse, therefore, serves as a powerful reminder of both the justice and mercy of God, calling believers to live in holiness and reverence.

Thus any tithe of the land
The word "tithe" comes from the Hebrew word "ma'aser," which means a tenth part. In ancient Israel, the tithe was a divine ordinance, a portion of the produce of the land set aside for sacred purposes. The land itself was seen as a gift from God, and the tithe was a recognition of His provision and sovereignty. This practice was not merely a ritual but a profound acknowledgment of God's ownership over all creation. The tithe served as a reminder that everything the Israelites had was due to God's blessing.

whether from the grain of the soil
The "grain of the soil" refers to the staple crops that were essential for sustenance in ancient agrarian societies. Grain, such as wheat and barley, was a primary food source and a symbol of God's provision. The Hebrew word for grain, "dagan," signifies abundance and sustenance. By tithing the grain, the Israelites expressed their gratitude for God's provision and their dependence on Him for their daily bread. This act of giving back a portion of the harvest was a tangible expression of faith and trust in God's continued provision.

or the fruit of the trees
The "fruit of the trees" includes the produce from orchards, such as olives, figs, and dates, which were vital to the diet and economy of ancient Israel. The Hebrew word "peri" for fruit signifies not only physical nourishment but also spiritual fruitfulness. In offering the first fruits, the Israelites acknowledged God's blessing and their role as stewards of His creation. This practice underscored the principle that all good things come from God and that His people are called to honor Him with the first and best of what they receive.

belongs to the LORD
The phrase "belongs to the LORD" emphasizes the concept of divine ownership. The Hebrew word "kodesh" is often translated as "holy" or "set apart." This indicates that the tithe was not merely a charitable contribution but a sacred obligation. By declaring that the tithe belongs to the LORD, the scripture reinforces the idea that God is the ultimate owner of all things. The act of tithing was a declaration of faith, acknowledging God's authority and expressing devotion to Him.

it is holy to the LORD
The term "holy" signifies something that is set apart for a sacred purpose. In Hebrew, "kodesh" conveys the idea of separation from the ordinary for divine use. The tithe was considered holy because it was dedicated to God and His service. This holiness was not inherent in the produce itself but was conferred by its dedication to the LORD. The act of setting apart the tithe was a spiritual discipline that cultivated a heart of worship and reverence, reminding the Israelites of their covenant relationship with God and their call to live in holiness.

If a man wishes
This phrase introduces the concept of personal choice and intention in the act of redemption. In the Hebrew context, the word for "wishes" (חָפֵץ, chafetz) implies a deliberate desire or inclination. It suggests that the act of redeeming part of the tithe is not obligatory but rather a voluntary decision, reflecting the heart's intent and the individual's relationship with God.

to redeem
The Hebrew word for "redeem" (גָּאַל, ga'al) carries the connotation of buying back or reclaiming something that was given. In the context of Leviticus, redemption often involves restoring something to its original owner or purpose. This reflects the broader biblical theme of redemption, where God redeems His people, restoring them to their intended relationship with Him.

part of his tithe
The tithe, or "מַעֲשֵׂר" (ma'aser), was a tenth of one's produce or earnings dedicated to God. It was a fundamental aspect of Israelite worship and community support, ensuring the sustenance of the Levites and the poor. The phrase "part of his tithe" indicates that the individual is not redeeming the entire tithe but only a portion, which underscores the flexibility within the law to accommodate personal circumstances.

he must add a fifth
Adding a fifth (or 20%) to the value of the redeemed portion is a principle of restitution and fairness. The Hebrew word for "fifth" (חֹמֶשׁ, chomesh) signifies an additional amount that compensates for the act of reclaiming what was consecrated to God. This requirement ensures that the sanctity of the tithe is maintained and that the individual acknowledges the sacredness of what was initially dedicated to the Lord.

to its value
The concept of "value" (עֶרְכּוֹ, erko) in this context refers to the assessed worth of the tithe portion being redeemed. This valuation process was crucial in maintaining the integrity of the tithe system, ensuring that what was given to God was not diminished in worth. It reflects the broader biblical principle that offerings to God should be of genuine value and not given lightly or without consideration.

Every tenth animal
This phrase refers to the practice of tithing, which is deeply rooted in the Hebrew tradition. The concept of tithing, or giving a tenth, is a recurring theme in the Bible, symbolizing the acknowledgment of God's provision and sovereignty. The Hebrew word for "tenth" is "ma'aser," which is directly related to the practice of setting apart a portion of one's increase for God. This practice is not merely a ritual but a demonstration of faith and obedience, recognizing that all blessings come from the Lord.

that passes under the shepherd’s rod
The imagery of the shepherd's rod is significant in the pastoral culture of ancient Israel. The rod was used by shepherds to count and inspect their flocks, ensuring each animal's well-being. In this context, it symbolizes God's careful oversight and the meticulous nature of His covenant with His people. The act of passing under the rod signifies a process of selection and consecration, where each animal is individually acknowledged and set apart for a holy purpose.

will be holy
The term "holy" in Hebrew is "qodesh," meaning set apart or consecrated. This designation underscores the idea that the tithe is not just a portion of one's possessions but is dedicated to God, reflecting His holiness and the call for His people to be distinct in their devotion. The holiness of the tithe serves as a reminder of the sacred relationship between God and His people, where offerings are given not out of obligation but as an act of worship and reverence.

to the LORD
The phrase "to the LORD" emphasizes the ultimate recipient of the tithe. It is not merely a transaction or a charitable act but an offering to Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. This dedication to the LORD highlights the personal and relational aspect of the tithe, where the giver acknowledges God's lordship and expresses gratitude for His provision. The tithe, therefore, becomes a tangible expression of faith, trust, and commitment to God's covenant promises.

He must not inspect
The phrase "He must not inspect" refers to the prohibition against evaluating the quality of the animal being tithed. In the Hebrew context, the word used here implies a deliberate examination or scrutiny. This command underscores the principle of impartiality and trust in God's provision. The Israelites were to offer what was due without attempting to manipulate or alter the offering based on personal judgment. This reflects a broader biblical theme of faith and obedience, where believers are called to trust in God's sovereignty rather than rely on their own understanding.

whether it is good or bad
This phrase emphasizes the irrelevance of the animal's condition in the context of the tithe. The Hebrew words for "good" (טוֹב, tov) and "bad" (רַע, ra) are often used to describe moral and physical qualities. Here, they highlight that the value of the offering is not determined by human standards but by the act of obedience itself. This teaching aligns with the biblical principle that God values the heart and intention behind the offering more than the material quality, as seen in the account of the widow's mite (Mark 12:41-44).

nor shall he make any substitution
The prohibition against substitution underscores the importance of integrity in worship. The Hebrew root for "substitution" (חָלִיף, chalif) suggests an exchange or replacement. This command prevents the temptation to offer something less valuable or less desirable in place of what was originally designated. It serves as a reminder that offerings to God should be given with sincerity and without deceit, reflecting a heart fully devoted to Him.

But if he does make a substitution
This conditional clause acknowledges human fallibility and the possibility of disobedience. It serves as a warning that any attempt to circumvent God's command will not succeed. The structure of this clause in Hebrew suggests a hypothetical situation, emphasizing the seriousness of adhering to God's instructions. It reflects the biblical theme of accountability, where actions have consequences, and God's standards are not to be taken lightly.

both the animal and its substitute shall become holy
The declaration that both the original animal and its substitute become holy highlights the inviolability of what is consecrated to God. The Hebrew word for "holy" (קָדוֹשׁ, kadosh) signifies something set apart for divine purposes. This principle reinforces the idea that once something is dedicated to God, it cannot be reclaimed for secular use. It serves as a powerful reminder of the sanctity of offerings and the seriousness of vows made to God.

they cannot be redeemed
The final phrase, "they cannot be redeemed," indicates that once an offering is made, it cannot be bought back or exchanged. The Hebrew concept of redemption (גָּאַל, ga'al) involves reclaiming something through payment. This stipulation underscores the irrevocable nature of commitments made to God. It reflects the broader biblical narrative of redemption, where God's promises and covenants are binding and eternal. This teaching encourages believers to approach their commitments to God with reverence and sincerity, recognizing the lasting impact of their devotion.

These are the commandments
The phrase "These are the commandments" signifies the conclusion of a specific set of divine instructions. In Hebrew, the word for commandments is "mitzvot," which implies not just rules but a covenantal relationship between God and His people. This phrase underscores the importance of obedience and the sacred nature of the laws given. It reminds us that these are not mere suggestions but divine mandates intended to guide the Israelites in holiness and righteousness.

that the LORD gave
The term "LORD" in Hebrew is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. The phrase "gave" indicates a divine gift, suggesting that the commandments are not burdensome but are given out of love and for the benefit of the people. This highlights God's sovereignty and His role as the ultimate lawgiver, whose authority is absolute and whose intentions are for the good of His people.

to Moses
Moses is a central figure in the Old Testament, serving as the mediator between God and the Israelites. His role as the recipient of the commandments underscores his unique relationship with God and his leadership over Israel. Historically, Moses is seen as a prophet, leader, and lawgiver, whose life and actions are foundational to the Jewish faith and, by extension, to Christianity. This phrase reminds us of the importance of faithful leadership and the responsibility of conveying God's word accurately.

for the Israelites
The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. This phrase indicates that the commandments were specifically given to the people of Israel, setting them apart as God's chosen nation. It highlights the covenant relationship between God and Israel, a theme that runs throughout the Bible. The Israelites are called to be a holy nation, distinct from other peoples, and this calling is reflected in the laws and commandments they are to follow.

on Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai is a significant location in biblical history, known as the place where God revealed Himself to Moses and gave the Ten Commandments. It symbolizes divine revelation and the establishment of the covenant between God and Israel. The mention of Mount Sinai serves as a reminder of the sacredness of the law and the awe-inspiring nature of God's presence. It is a place of encounter, where heaven meets earth, and where God's voice is heard clearly and authoritatively.