Joshua 9:1

Now when news of this reached all the kings west of the Jordan--those in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon (the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)--

Study Bible

Now when news of this reached all the kings west of the Jordan—
The phrase "west of the Jordan" refers to the land of Canaan, which the Israelites were commanded to conquer. This area was known for its diverse and powerful city-states, each ruled by its own king. The news that reached these kings was likely about the Israelites' victories at Jericho and Ai, which demonstrated the power and favor of the God of Israel. This caused fear among the Canaanite kings, as they realized the threat posed by the advancing Israelites.

those in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon—
The "hill country" refers to the central mountainous region of Canaan, which includes areas like Hebron and Jerusalem. The "foothills" or "Shephelah" are the lowlands between the hill country and the coastal plains, known for their fertile land. The "coast of the Great Sea" refers to the Mediterranean coast, a region of strategic importance due to its trade routes. "Toward Lebanon" indicates the northern extent of the land, reaching up to the region known for its cedar forests. This geographical description highlights the vast and varied terrain that the Israelites were to conquer, emphasizing the challenge they faced.

the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—
These groups represent the various peoples inhabiting Canaan. The Hittites were originally from Anatolia but had a presence in Canaan. The Amorites were a Semitic people known for their influence in Mesopotamia and Canaan. The Canaanites were the general inhabitants of the land, often associated with the Phoenicians. The Perizzites were likely a rural people living in the open country. The Hivites are thought to have lived in the northern regions, possibly near Shechem and Gibeon. The Jebusites inhabited Jerusalem, which was known as Jebus before its conquest by David. These peoples were known for their idolatrous practices, which the Israelites were commanded to avoid, as seen in Deuteronomy 7:1-5. The mention of these groups underscores the fulfillment of God's promise to give the land to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as well as the need for the Israelites to remain faithful to God's commands amidst pagan influences.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Kings West of the Jordan
These are the rulers of various city-states in the region west of the Jordan River. They represent the political and military leadership of the land that Israel is entering.

2. Hill Country, Foothills, and Coast of the Great Sea
These geographical areas describe the diverse terrain of Canaan, indicating the widespread influence and reach of the news about Israel's conquests.

3. Lebanon
A region to the north of Canaan, known for its cedar trees, indicating the northern extent of the area affected by Israel's presence.

4. Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites
These are the various ethnic groups inhabiting Canaan, each with its own culture and religious practices, often in opposition to the Israelites.

5. The Event of Hearing
The kings and peoples of these regions heard about the victories of Israel, particularly the miraculous crossing of the Jordan and the fall of Jericho and Ai, which caused them to take action.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The passage demonstrates God's control over the affairs of nations. Despite the power and number of the kings and peoples, God's plan for Israel prevails.

The Impact of God's Works
The news of God's mighty acts through Israel spreads fear among the nations. Believers today should recognize the power of God's works in their lives as a testimony to others.

Unity in Opposition
The unity of these diverse groups against Israel shows how opposition to God's people can bring together unlikely allies. Christians should be prepared for opposition and remain steadfast in faith.

The Importance of Obedience
Israel's success is tied to their obedience to God's commands. Believers are reminded of the importance of following God's will to experience His blessings.

Spiritual Warfare
The physical battles Israel faces are a reflection of the spiritual battles believers encounter. Christians are called to put on the full armor of God to stand firm against spiritual adversaries.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the reaction of the kings west of the Jordan reflect the power and influence of God's actions through Israel?

2. In what ways can believers today demonstrate the impact of God's works in their lives to those around them?

3. What can we learn from the unity of the Canaanite kings in opposition to Israel about the nature of spiritual opposition?

4. How does the command in Deuteronomy 7:1-2 to conquer these nations relate to the concept of spiritual warfare in the New Testament?

5. Reflect on a time when obedience to God's commands led to a significant victory in your life. How can this encourage you in current challenges?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 7:1-2
This passage outlines God's command to Israel to conquer and destroy these nations, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's promises and the seriousness of Israel's mission.

Exodus 23:23-24
God promises to send His angel before Israel to bring them into the land of these peoples, highlighting God's active role in Israel's conquests.

Psalm 2:1-2
This psalm speaks of the nations conspiring against the Lord and His anointed, reflecting the opposition Israel faces from these kings.